牡鼠（牝者不入药）
气味甘。微温。亦曰凉。（日华子） 煎膏。治诸疮 。（因善穿之性而为用）
附方 鼠 溃烂。鼠一枚。乱发一鸡子大。以三岁腊猪脂煎令消尽。以半涂之。以半酒
服。神妙。
胆
鼠肝有七叶。胆在肝之短叶间。大如黄豆。正白色。贴而不垂。（卫生家宝又言红色）
才死便消。不易得也。 主治点目。愈青盲。雀目不见物。滴耳治聋。三十年老聋。取活鼠
一枚系定。热汤泼死。破喉取胆。用川乌头一个炮去皮。华阴细辛二钱。胆矾半钱。为末。
以胆和匀。再焙干研细。入麝香半字。用鹅翎管吹入耳中。口含茶水。日二次。十日效。永
除
癸水之位在子。气通于肾。开窍于耳。注精于瞳子。其标为齿。鼠属子宫癸水。其目夜
明。在卦属艮。其精在胆。故胆治耳聋青盲。睛能明目。而骨能生齿也。（濒湖）
牡鼠粪（两头尖者）
气味甘。微寒。有小毒。（食中误食。令人目黄成疸。） 主伤寒女劳复阴易。通女子月
经。下死胎。治吹奶乳痈。 方书疗中风积聚。及疠风蛊毒。
附方 男子阴易及女劳复。 鼠屎十四枚。韭根一大把。水二盏。煎一盏。温服。得粘
汗为效。未汗再服。 妇人吹奶。鼠屎七粒。红枣七枚。去核包屎。烧存性。入麝香少许。
温酒调服。 乳痈初起。雄鼠屎七枚。研末。温酒服。取汗即散。
乳痈已成。用新湿鼠屎黄连大黄各等分。为末。以黍米粥清和涂四边。即散。
〔论〕 鼠禀至阴之气。五脏俱全。其矢更由肠胃转化而出。凡阴气受邪者。借其转化
而使之不留。阴气大亏者。亦借其转化而使之不竭。是以阴易女劳复所因迥异。而皆得用之。
他如中风积聚风湿诸方。用此以导阴气而使之化。而吹奶乳痈。又皆藉阴气之能化。为流通
精血地。然则触类通之。可以尽臭腐之神奇矣。
Mus musculus (Male, females are not used in medicine)
Flavor: Sweet. Nature: Slightly warm. Also described as cool. (Cited from Ri Huaizi) Decocted into ointment. Treats various sores and ulcers. (Utilized for its penetrating nature.)
Prescription For rat ulceration. One rat. A handful of tangled hair (size of a chicken egg). Fry with lard from a pig slaughtered in the twelfth lunar month of three years prior until completely melted. Apply half externally to the lesion. Take half internally with wine. Miraculous effect.
Gallbladder
The rat liver has seven lobes. The gallbladder is located between the short lobes of the liver. Size like a soybean. Pure white in color. Adherent and not pendulous. (Weisheng Jiabao also states it is red.) It dissipates immediately after death. Difficult to obtain. Main indications: Instill into eyes. Cures Qingmang (amblyopia) and Quemu (night blindness) where vision is obscured. Instill into ears to treat deafness. For thirty-year chronic deafness. Take one live rat. Secure it. Pour hot water over it to kill. Incise the throat to extract the gallbladder. Use one prepared Chuan Wu Tou (Aconiti Radix Preparata), peeled and de-embryoned. Er Xian Xin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) from Huayin, 2 qian. Dan Fan (Borax), 0.5 qian. Grind into powder. Mix evenly with gallbladder juice. Re-dry and grind finely. Add Ban Zi She Xiang (Musk), half zi. Blow into the ear using a goose feather tube. Hold tea water in the mouth. Twice daily. Effective within ten days. Permanently cures.
In the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches system, Gui Water corresponds to Zi (Rat). Qi connects to the Kidney. Opens into the ears. Nourishes the pupils. Its external manifestation is the teeth. Rats belong to the Zi palace of Gui Water. Their eyes see clearly at night. In the Eight Trigrams, they correspond to Gen. Their essence resides in the gallbladder. Thus, the gallbladder treats deafness and Qingmang. Jing clarifies vision, and bone generates teeth. (Cited from Ben Cao Gang Mu by Li Shizhen)
Mus musculus Feces (those pointed at both ends)
Flavor: Sweet. Nature: Slightly cold. Slight toxicity. (Accidental ingestion in food causes yellowing of the eyes and jaundice.) Main indications: Treats Shanghan Nu Lao Fu (relapse of typhoid fever due to sexual intercourse during recovery), Yin Yi syndrome. Regulates menstruation in women. Expels dead fetus. Treats Chui Nai (mastitis due to milk stasis) and Ru Yong (breast abscess). Medical texts treat Feng Zhong accumulation and Li Feng Gu Du (leprosy and venomous toxins).
Prescription Male Yin Yi and Female Lao Fu. Fourteen pieces of Mus musculus feces. A large bunch of Jiu Gen (Allium tuberosum root). Two zhan of water. Decoct to one zhan. Take warm. Effect indicated by sticky sweating. If no sweat, take again. Woman's Chui Nai. Seven grains of Mus musculus feces. Seven Red Dates (Jujubae Fructus). Remove pits. Wrap feces inside. Char until carbonized but retaining efficacy. Add a small amount of She Xiang (Moschus). Mix with warm wine and take. Early stage of Ru Yong. Seven male Mus musculus feces. Grind into powder. Take with warm wine. Disperses upon sweating. Established Ru Yong. Equal parts of fresh wet Mus musculus feces, Huang Lian (Coptidis Rhizoma), and Da Huang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma). Grind into powder. Mix with clear liquid from millet porridge. Apply around the periphery. Disperses immediately.
[Discussion] The rat inherits the qi of extreme Yin. All five Zang organs are complete. Its feces are produced through transformation in the intestines and stomach. For those whose Yin qi is affected by pathogens, its transformative property helps prevent stagnation. For those with severe Yin qi deficiency, its transformative property helps prevent exhaustion. Therefore, although Yin Yi and Nu Lao Fu have different etiologies, this substance can be used for both. Similarly, in formulas for Feng Zhong, accumulation, and wind-dampness, it is used to guide and transform Yin qi. For Chui Nai and Ru Yong, it utilizes the transforming power of Yin qi as a medium for circulating essence and blood. Thus, by analogy, one can appreciate the miraculous properties hidden within seemingly foul substances.