癫痫名义 痫者，小儿病也。十岁以上为癫，十岁以下为痫。（《病源论》）（按∶大人癫，小儿痫，
本出《脉经》，引在脉候中，徐嗣伯亦有其言，出《千金》，引在病由蓄痰条，并宜参。）
癫即痫也，观《内经》所言癫证甚详，而痫则无辨，即此可知。后世有癫痫、风痫、风癫等名，所指不一，则
徒滋惑乱，不必然也。又如《别录》所载五痫，曰马痫、牛痫、猪痫、羊痫、鸡痫者，即今人之谓羊癫、猪癫
也，此不过因其声之相似，遂立此名。可见癫痫无二，而诸家于癫证之外，又有痫证，诚属牵强，无足凭也。
（《景岳》）
痫字从病从间，以病间断而发，不若别证相连而病也。此病一如疟状，初有间一年而发者，或有间半年
而发者，或有间数月而发者，发久气虚，则月近日密，其有间一二时而即发者，发后神清气爽，与无病之人一
般，故取义为痫也。（《证治百问》）
病由邪入阴经 风癫者，由血气虚，邪入于阴经故也。人有血气少，则心虚而精神离散，魂魄妄行，
因为风邪所伤，故入于阴，则为癫疾，其发则仆地吐涎沫无所觉是也。原其癫病，皆由风邪故也。（《病源论》）
病由蓄痰 夫风眩之病，起于心气不定，胸上蓄实，故有高风面热之所为也。痰热相感而动风，风
心相乱则闷瞀，故谓之风眩。大人曰癫，小儿则为痫，其实是一。（《千
金》引徐嗣伯）（按∶此风眩即癫，非寻常头眩也。）
夫癫痫病，皆由惊动，使脏气不平，郁而生涎，闭塞诸经，厥而乃成。或在母胎中受惊，或少小感风寒暑
湿，或饮食不节，逆于脏气。详而推之，三因备具。（《三因》）
痫不必分五等，专主在痰，多用吐法。有惊有痰有火，假如痫因惊而得，惊则神出其舍，舍空则痰聚也。
（《丹溪》）
病由痰邪上逆 凡癫痫及中风、中寒、中暑、中湿、气厥、尸厥而昏眩倒仆，不省人事者，皆由邪气逆
上阳分，而乱于头中也。癫痫者，痰邪逆上也。中风寒暑湿及气厥尸厥者，亦风寒暑湿等邪气逆上也。邪气逆
上则头中气乱，头中气乱则脉道闭塞，孔窍不通，故耳不闻声，目不识人，而昏眩无知，仆倒于地也。以其病
在头巅，故曰癫疾。治之者，或吐痰而就高越之，或镇坠痰而从高抑之，或内消痰邪使气不逆，或随风寒暑湿之
法，用轻剂发散上焦，或针灸头中脉络而导其气，皆可使头巅脉道流通，孔窍开发，而不致昏眩也。（《纲目》）
病必由热（说见狂）
脉候 尺寸俱浮，直上直下，此为督脉，腰背强痛，不得俯仰，大人癫病，小人风痫疾。脉来中央浮
直上下痛者，督脉也，动苦腰背膝寒，大人癫、小儿痫也，灸顶上三丸，正当顶上。（《脉经》）
浮洪大长者，风眩癫疾。大坚疾者，癫病。（同上）
癫疾，脉实坚者生（《病源论》紧弦实牢者生），脉沉细小者死。颠疾，脉搏大滑者，久久自已。其脉沉小
急实，不可治。小坚急，亦不可疗。（同上）（按∶《丹溪》曰∶虚而弦急者死，亦小坚急之意。）
脉浮大附阴者，癫疾。脉来牢者，癫疾。三部脉紧急者，可治。（《病源论》）
证状 凡癫疾发则仆地吐涎沫无知，强掠起，如狂及遗粪者，难治。（《肘后》）
发则旋晕颠倒，口眼相引，目睛上摇，手足搐搦，背脊强直，食顷乃苏。（《济生》）
癫痫，即头眩也。痰在膈间，则眩微不仆；痰溢膈上，则眩甚仆倒于地而不知人，名之曰癫痫，然与中风、
中寒、中暑、尸厥等仆倒不同。凡癫痫仆时，口中作声，将省时吐涎沫，省后又复发，时作时止而不休息。中
风、中寒、中暑、尸厥之类，则仆时无声，省时无涎沫，其后不复再发。间有发者，亦如癫痫之常法也。（《纲
目》）
五癫 五癫者，一曰阳癫，发如死人，遗尿，有顷乃解。
二曰阴癫，初生小时，脐疮未愈，数洗浴，因此得之。三曰风癫，发时眼目相引，牵纵反强，羊鸣，食顷方解，
由热作（《千金》作“执作”）汗出当风，因房室过度，醉饮（《千金》此有“饱满行事”字），令心意逼迫，短
气脉悸得之。四曰湿癫，眉头痛身重，坐热沐头，湿结脑，沸（千金作汗）未止，得之。五曰马癫，发作时时，
反目口噤，手足相引，身体皆然。（《病源论》）（《千金》然作热，下有“坐小时膏气脑热不和得之”十一
字。按∶此段难解，姑存之。）
《古今录验》牛癫则牛鸣，马癫则马鸣，狗癫则狗吠，羊癫则羊鸣，鸡癫则鸡鸣。五癫病者，腑脏相引，
盈气起寒厥，不识人，气争（《千金》注气静） 吐沫，久而得苏。（《外台》）（按∶《三因》分马、羊、
鸡、猪、牛五痫，配之五脏，其说稍详，然殆属不经，今仅存此说而已。）
六畜痫者，发时作牛、马、猪、羊、鸡、犬声，便致僵
仆，口吐涎沫，不省人事。张氏论此，盖初发作羊犬声者，咽喉为风痰所梗，声自如此，其理甚明。若言六畜者，
特强名耳。（《活幼心书》）
诸书有以病因风、惊、食为三痫者，有以病象马、羊、鸡、猪、牛又为五痫者。斯三痫专主小儿言，故有
未该尽者。五痫虽有分发五脏之说，于经既无所据，而治法又未见其有五者之分，此所以不必分五等也。（《丹
溪纂要》）（按∶不必分五等，是丹溪说，既见上。）
类证 有一室女，每经候欲行，如风之状，发搐不省人事。诊其脉，心脉浮，冲任脉沉，此因经行伏
惊致此。《局方》黑神散，入朱砂，灯心、麦门冬煎汤调下。服数日，自然经行如常，前病不作。（《朱氏》）
一人手足搐掣，似角弓反张状，遍体动摇，不能安卧，两昼夜无宁刻，即脉亦难诊。予用炙甘草汤，二剂
立瘳。（程星海）（按∶此盖阴虚筋急证，原文冗而少要，今仅节录。又《临证指南·肝风门》有复脉汤去参、
姜、麻仁案，旨趣不了，不录。）
死证 至于目瞪如愚者，不可治，《内经》曰神不守，谓神乱也。（《治病百法》）
凡此病，乍作乍醒者苏，不食迷痴者死。（《得效》）
循衣缝者，死。（《丹溪》）
久泻不食，形脉无神者，不治。（《心统》）
治例 夫痫病不至于目瞪如愚者，用三圣散投之（瓜蒂、防风、藜芦），更用火盆一个，于暖室中（《治
法杂论》作凡痫病至于呆证者，用三圣散吐之，于暖室中，勿令透风），令汗吐下三法俱行，次服通圣散，百
余日则愈矣。
（《治病百法》）
凡人患风痫者，只在一二年间，则可治；久则顽痰入心，则难治矣。治之之法，先以吐痰为急。（《活法
秘方》）
惊与痰宜吐 大率行痰为主，用黄连、南星、栝蒌、半夏，寻火寻痰，分多分少治之，无不愈者。分
痰与热。有热者，以凉药清其心。有痰者，必用吐药，吐后用东垣安神丸。大法宜吐，吐后用平肝之剂，青黛、
柴胡、川芎之类，龙荟丸正宜服之。（《丹溪》）
癫病多由痰气，凡气有所逆，痰有所滞，皆能壅闭经络，格塞心窍，其倏病倏已者，正由气之倏逆倏顺也。
故治此者，当察痰察气，因其甚者而先之。至若火之有无，又当审其脉证而兼为之治也。（《景岳》）
前人多用镇坠清心之药，固可以治热，可以清痰。若有顽痰胶固者，此药未易驱逐。在上者先必用吐，更
用痰实在里者，亦须下之。（《锦囊》）
涌吐方《经验后方》治大人小儿久患风痫，缠喉风，咳嗽，遍身风疹，急中涎潮。此药不大吐逆，
只出涎水，小儿服一字。瓜蒂不限多少，细碾为末，壮年一字，十五以下老怯半字，早晨井华水下。一食顷，
含沙糖一块，良久涎如水出，年深涎尽有一块如涎，布水上如鉴矣，涎尽食粥一两日。如吐多困甚，即咽麝香汤
一盏，即止矣。麝细研，温水调下。昔天平尚书，觉昏眩，即服之，取涎有效。（《本草》）
（宜与《狂》门参考。）
泻下诸方 柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤，此方能下肝胆之惊痰，以之治癫痫必效。（《伤寒论类方》）（按∶
先子治狂，加铁粉一味，其效尤着。）
防风通圣散，治一切癫狂风疾暴发之证。（《医鉴》）（按∶此本于子和，既见上。）
一妇有孕六个月发痫，手扬直，面紫黑，合眼流涎，昏愦而苏，医与震灵丹五十帖，时作时止，至产自愈。
其夫疑丹毒发，未治。脉举弦按涩，至骨则沉带数，意其痫必于五月复发，至则果作，皆巳午时。乃制通圣散，
其甘草生用，加桃仁、红花，或泻或吐，四五剂渐轻，发疥而愈。（《丹溪》）
治因风致惊，眼斜反张，手足 ，背急发搐，雄黄丸方。
雄黄（一分别研细） 巴豆（去皮心膜醋熬令赤黄净洗压去油取末二钱） 郁金（末二两）
上三味研匀，炼蜜丸如绿豆大，每服五、七丸，荆芥汤下，常服临卧服。若当病发，煎槐胶薄荷酒调下一
钱或半钱，当吐利风涎痰涕等。小儿每服一丸至二丸，冷荆芥汤下。（《圣济》）
神授丹，治五喑（疑五 。 即癫字，）痫风。（出《卫生家宝》）
脑子（半字） 麝香（半字） 辰砂（一钱） 全蝎（四个去毒） 巴豆（四粒不去油） 轻粉（半字）
淡豉（五十粒汤浸去皮）
上并研细，以豉膏为丸，如健人，酒一二滴，丸如鸡头大，每服一丸，好酒送下，实时吐泻，如不吐泻，
再服一丸，泻后白粥补之，七日后再根据上服，又七日再服三丸取效。（《活法秘方》）《金匮翼》妙香丸，治惊
痫百病，于本方去全蝎、淡豉，加牛黄、金箔（巴豆三百五十粒，去皮心膜，炒熟研如面，辰砂九两，金箔九
十片，余四味各三两），研匀，炼黄蜡六两，入白蜜三分，同炼令匀为丸，每两作三十丸，白汤下二丸，日二
服。
妙功十一丸，治癫。
丁香 木香 沉香 乳香 麝香 荆三棱（炮） 广术（炮）
黑牵牛（微炒） 黄连 雷丸（炒） 鹤虱（炒） 胡黄连 黄芩 大黄（焙） 陈皮 青皮 雄黄 熊胆
甘草（炙各二钱半） 小赤豆（三百六十粒煮） 白丁香（直尖者三百六十个） 轻粉（四钱） 巴豆（七粒）
上二十三味为细末，赤小豆烂煮研泥，同荞麦打糊，和作十一丸，朱砂为衣，阴干，服时水浸一宿，化一
丸，大便出，随病各有形状取出为验，或作化一番，不可再服，曾经火灸者不治，远年愈效。（《神效名方》）
控涎丸，治诸痫久不瘥，顽涎聚散无时，变生诸证，悉皆治之。
生川乌（去皮） 半夏（洗） 僵蚕（不炒此三味锉碎生姜汁浸一宿各半两）
全蝎（去毒七个） 铁粉（三钱） 甘遂（二钱半）
上为细末，生姜自然汁打糊为丸，如绿豆大，朱砂为衣，每服十五丸，食后用姜汤吞下，忌食甘草。（《济生》）
滚痰丸，治膈热太甚作痫。（《丹溪心法附录》）（按∶《活法秘方》夺命丹，压癫痫，用礞石、焰消二
味，宜参。）
龙荟丸，治肝火太甚，作痫。（同上）治肾水阴虚，风热蕴积，时发惊悸痫搐。（《赤水》）
镇坠诸方 治风癫失性，颠倒欲死，五癫惊痫，雌雄丸方。
雄黄 雌黄 真珠（各一两） 铅（二两熬令成屑） 丹砂（一分） 水银（八分）
上六味末之，以蜜捣三万杵，丸如胡豆，先食服二丸，日二，稍加以知为度。（《千金》）《圣惠》治心
风狂言，神思不安，如见鬼神，真珠散，于本方出雌黄、水银，加水精、人参、金银薄、琥珀、牛黄，都研令匀，
每于食后，薄荷汤调下半钱。又治风癫失性，倒仆恶声，吐沫口噤，雄朱丹，于本方去真珠（黑铅与水银结为砂子）。
治癫痫 方。
飞鸱头（二枚） 铅丹（一斤）
上二味末之蜜丸，先食服三丸，日三，剧者夜一，稍加之。（《千金》）《济生》鸱头丸，治风痫，于本
方加皂角酥炙，用糯米糊为丸，如绿豆大，每服十五丸，加至二十丸，以粥饮送下。
治积痰不散，上冲心脏，变为风痫，不问长幼，宜服半夏丸方。
半夏（五两） 白矾（三两） 朱砂（三两） 黄丹（二两）
上件药捣罗为末，都研令匀，以粟米饭和丸，如梧桐子大，每服不计食前后，以人参汤下二十丸。（《圣
惠》）《三因》镇心丹，治心气不足，病苦惊悸，自汗心烦闷短气，用辰砂、白矾各等分，水丸如鸡头大，每
服一丸。又矾丹，治五癫百痫，无问阴阳冷热，用虢丹、晋矾各一两，猪心血为丸，如绿豆大，每服十丸至二
十丸。《神效名方》朱砂滚涎散，治五痫，于镇心丹加赤石脂、硝石各等分研，蒜膏和丸，绿豆大，每服三十
丸。
治风癫疾，时发时省，涉历年月，丹砂煎方。
丹砂（细研水飞滤过后焙干再研如粉三两） 石膏（五两研细） 黄连（去须捣筛一斤） 生地黄（不计斤两
研取自然汁二升不得入水）
上四味，以清水一斗，先煮石膏、黄连，取五升净去滓，次下生地黄汁，又煎之如稀饧，始下火，取丹砂粉投入，
匀搅百余遍，贮于不津器中更搅，待冷即住手，每日两度，以温水调服，约如半弹丸大，服药后，只得吃淡饭、
**Nomenclature and Definition of Dianxian (Epilepsy)**
Xian (Epilepsy) is a disease of children. Those over ten years old are called Dian (Manic Epilepsy), and those under ten are called Xian (Pediatric Epilepsy). (*Source: Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun*) (Note: The distinction that adults suffer from Dian and children from Xian originates from *Mai Jing*, cited in the Pulse Diagnosis section; Xu Sibai also expressed this view, cited in *Qian Jin Fang* under the "Accumulated Phlegm" entry; both should be consulted.)
Dian is synonymous with Xian. Observing the detailed descriptions of Dian syndromes in *Huang Di Nei Jing* (The Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) and the lack of distinct differentiation for Xian, it can be deduced that they are essentially the same. Later generations used terms such as Dianxian, Fengxian (Wind Epilepsy), and Fengdian, causing confusion without necessity. For instance, the "Five Xians" recorded in *Bie Lu*—Ma Xian (Horse Epilepsy), Niu Xian (Ox Epilepsy), Zhu Xian (Pig Epilepsy), Yang Xian (Sheep Epilepsy), and Ji Xian (Chicken Epilepsy)—correspond to what is now known as Sheep Epilepsy and Pig Epilepsy. These names were established merely due to the similarity of sounds produced during seizures. Thus, Dian and Xian are not two different entities; creating separate categories for them beyond Dian syndromes is forced and unreliable. (*Source: Jing Yue Quan Shu*)
The character "Xian" consists of the radical for disease (Bing) and "Jian" (interval), indicating that the illness occurs intermittently, unlike other conditions that persist continuously. This disease resembles Malaria (Nue); some发作 (attacks) occur after an interval of one year, six months, or several months. As the disease progresses and Qi becomes deficient, the intervals shorten, sometimes occurring every one or two days. After an attack, the patient feels clear-headed and refreshed, just like a healthy person. Hence, the name "Xian" implies intermittent occurrence. (*Source: Zheng Zhi Bai Wen*)
**Etiology: Pathogenic Factors Entering Yin Meridians**
Fengdian (Wind Dian) arises from deficiency of Blood and Qi, allowing pathogenic factors to enter the Yin meridians. When Blood and Qi are scarce, Heart Qi becomes deficient, leading to dispersion of Spirit and wandering of Hun and Po. Consequently, Wind pathogenic factors injure the body, entering the Yin meridians to form Dianji (Epileptic Disease). During an attack, the patient falls to the ground, foams at the mouth, and loses consciousness. The root cause of Dian disease is Wind pathogenic factors. (*Source: Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun*)
**Etiology: Accumulation of Phlegm**
Fengxuan (Wind Dizziness) originates from unstable Heart Qi and excess accumulation in the chest, resulting in symptoms of facial heat as if exposed to wind. Phlegm-heat interacts to stir Wind; when Wind and Heart Qi mix, it causes oppression and dizziness, hence the term Fengxuan. In adults, it is called Dian; in children, Xian. Essentially, they are the same. (*Source: Qian Jin Fang*, citing Xu Sibai) (Note: Here, Fengxuan refers to Dian, not ordinary dizziness.)
Dianxian diseases are caused by fright and agitation, which disrupt the harmony of Zang-Fu Qi, leading to stagnation and the generation of saliva/phlegm. This phlegm blocks the meridians, causing Jue (reversal/collapse) and resulting in the disease. It may stem from fright in the womb, exposure to Wind-Cold-Heat-Dampness in early childhood, or irregular diet causing reversal of Zang-Fu Qi. Detailed analysis shows that all three categories of causes (Internal, External, Non-internal/External) are involved. (*Source: San Yin Fang*)
Xian need not be divided into five types; the key lies in Phlegm, and emesis is often used. Causes include Fright, Phlegm, and Fire. If Xian is caused by Fright, the Spirit leaves its residence, leaving it empty for Phlegm to gather. (*Source: Dan Xi Xin Fa*)
**Etiology: Rebellious Phlegm Pathogen**
In cases of Dianxian, as well as Zhong Feng (Wind Stroke), Zhong Han (Cold Strike), Zhong Shu (Heat Strike), Zhong Shi (Damp Strike), Qi Jue (Qi Collapse), and Shi Jue (Corpse Collapse) presenting with dizziness, falling, and unconsciousness, the cause is pathogenic factors rebelling upward to the Yang portion and disrupting the head. In Dianxian, it is rebellious Phlegm. In stroke and collapse syndromes, it is rebellious Wind-Cold-Heat-Dampness. Upward rebellion disrupts Qi in the head, blocking meridians and orifices, leading to deafness, blindness, dizziness, unconsciousness, and falling. Because the pathology is located at the vertex (Dian), it is called Dianji. Treatment involves: using emesis to expel phlegm upwards; using heavy sedatives to suppress phlegm downwards; internally resolving phlegm to prevent Qi rebellion; using light dispersants for upper Jiao Wind-Cold-Heat-Dampness; or acupuncture/moxibustion on head meridians to guide Qi. These methods restore flow in the head meridians, open orifices, and prevent dizziness. (*Source: Ben Cao Gang Mu*)
**Pathology: Heat (See Mania Section)**
**Pulse Diagnosis**
If pulses at Cun, Guan, and Chi are all Floating, moving straight up and down, this indicates Du Mai (Governing Vessel) pathology, characterized by stiff back and waist, inability to bend or extend. In adults, this is Dianbing; in children, Fengxianji. A pulse coming from the center, floating, straight up and down, accompanied by pain, indicates Du Mai pathology, suffering from cold in the lower back, waist, knees; adults have Dian, children have Xian. Moxa three grains on the top of the head. (*Source: Mai Jing*)
Floating, Surging, Large, and Long pulses indicate Fengxuan Dianji. Large, Firm, and Rapid pulses indicate Dianbing. (*Same Source*)
For Dianji, if the pulse is Solid and Firm, survival is likely (Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun adds Tight, String-taut, Solid, and Deep/Firm as signs of life); if Sinking, Fine, and Small, death is likely. For Dianji, if the pulse is Large and Slippery, it will heal itself over time. If Sinking, Small, Urgent, and Solid, it is incurable. Small, Firm, and Urgent pulses are also untreatable. (*Same Source*) (Note: Dan Xi says "Deficient and String-taut/Urgent leads to death," which aligns with Small, Firm, and Urgent.)
Floating and Large pulses that weaken upon deep pressure indicate Dianji. Firm pulses indicate Dianji. Urgent pulses in all three positions are treatable. (*Source: Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun*)
**Symptoms**
When Dianji attacks, the patient falls, foams at the mouth, and is unconscious. If forcibly pulled up, they act like the manic, and may defecate themselves. This is difficult to treat. (*Source: Zhou Hou Bei Ji Fang*)
During an attack, the patient experiences vertigo and inversion, eyes and mouth are drawn/twisted, eyeballs roll upward, hands and feet convulse, and the spine becomes rigid. They recover after about one mealtime. (*Source: Ji Sheng Fang*)
Dianxian is essentially dizziness. If Phlegm is between the diaphragm, dizziness is mild and the patient does not fall. If Phlegm overflows above the diaphragm, dizziness is severe, causing the patient to fall and lose consciousness. This is named Dianxian, but differs from falling in Wind Stroke, Cold Strike, Heat Strike, or Corpse Collapse. During Dianxian falls, there is sound; upon waking, there is foam; after waking, it may recur, alternating and stopping without rest. In contrast, Wind Stroke etc., have no sound during falling, no foam upon waking, and do not recur. Rare recurrences follow the usual Dianxian pattern. (*Source: Ben Cao Gang Mu*)
**Five Dians**
1. **Yang Dian**: Attacks resemble death, with urinary incontinence, resolving after a while.
2. **Yin Dian**: Occurs in infants whose umbilical wounds have not healed and who are bathed frequently.
3. **Feng Dian**: During attacks, eyes are drawn, limbs stretch and reverse, sheep-like bleating occurs, resolving after a meal. Caused by sweating in the wind after heat exertion (Qian Jin Fang says "exertion"), excessive sexual activity, or drinking while full, causing mental distress, shortness of breath, and palpitations.
4. **Shi Dian**: Brow headache, heavy body. Caused by sitting in heat, bathing the head, allowing dampness to condense in the brain, with sweat not stopping.
5. **Ma Dian (Horse Dian)**: During attacks, eyes roll back, jaw clenches, hands and feet are drawn inward, affecting the whole body. (*Source: Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun*) (Qian Jin Fang notes "heat" and adds "caused by heat and disharmony of brain qi in infancy.")
*Gu Jin Lu Yan* states: Niu Dian barks like an ox, Ma Dian neighs like a horse, Gou Dian barks like a dog, Yang Dian bleats like a sheep, Ji Dian crows like a chicken. In these five Dian diseases, Zang-Fu organs influence each other, Cold-Jue rises, the patient does not recognize others, Qi contends, foaming occurs, and recovery takes time. (*Source: Wai Tai Mi Yao*) (Note: *San Yin Fang* maps the five Xians to the Five Zang Organs, which is slightly more detailed but likely unfounded; only this theory remains here.)
**Six Livestock Xians**
During attacks, sounds resembling ox, horse, pig, sheep, chicken, or dog are made, followed by stiffness, falling, foaming, and unconsciousness. Zhang’s discussion suggests that initial sheep/dog sounds result from Wind-Phlegm blocking the throat, which is logical. Calling them "six livestock" is merely a forced name. (*Source: Huo You Xin Shu*)
Some texts classify Xian into Three Types based on etiology (Wind, Fright, Food) and Five Types based on symptoms (Horse, Sheep, Chicken, Pig, Ox). The Three Types refer specifically to children, thus incomplete. Although the Five Types claim association with Five Zang Organs, there is no canonical basis, nor distinct treatments for each, hence the division into five is unnecessary. (*Source: Dan Xi Zuan Yao*) (Note: Unnecessary division is Dan Xi’s view, seen above.)
**Similar Syndromes**
A maiden experienced symptoms resembling wind-stroke, convulsions, and unconsciousness before menstruation. Her Heart pulse was Floating, and Chong/Ren pulses were Sinking. This was caused by latent Fright during menstruation. Using Hei Shen San from *Ju Fang* with Cinnabar, Deng Xin Cao (Juncus effusus), and Mai Dong (Ophiopogon) decocted in water, taken orally. After a few days, menstruation normalized, and the condition ceased. (*Source: Zhu Shi Ji Yan Fang*)
A patient had hand and foot convulsions resembling opisthotonos, whole-body trembling, inability to lie still, day and night without relief, making pulse diagnosis difficult. I used Zhi Gan Cao Tang (Prepared Licorice Decoction); two doses led to immediate recovery. (Cheng Xinghai) (Note: This is likely Yin Deficiency with tendon tension. The original text is verbose; only excerpts are kept. Also, *Lin Zheng Zhi Nan* Liver Wind section has a case of Fu Mai Tang removing Ginseng, Ginger, and Hemp Seed, but the intent is unclear, so it is not included.)
**Prognosis (Death Signs)**
Staring blankly like a fool is incurable. *Nei Jing* says "Spirit does not reside," meaning Spirit chaos. (*Source: Zhi Bing Bai Fa*)
If the disease comes and goes with recovery, the patient lives; if they refuse food and remain confused/idiotic, they die. (*Source: De Xiao Fang*)
Touching the clothes seams indicates death. (*Source: Dan Xi Xin Fa*)
Chronic diarrhea with anorexia and spiritless form/pulse is incurable. (*Source: Yi Xue Xin Tong*)
**Treatment Principles**
For Xian not progressing to staring foolishness, use San Sheng San (Gua Di, Fang Feng, Li Lu) to induce vomiting. Place a fire basin in a warm room (Zhi Fa Za Lun specifies warming the room to avoid drafts). Perform Sweating, Vomiting, and Purging methods simultaneously, then administer Tong Sheng San. Recovery occurs within 100 days. (*Source: Zhi Bing Bai Fa*)
For Wind-Xian, treatment is effective within one to two years; if prolonged, stubborn Phlegm enters the Heart, making it hard to treat. The priority is inducing vomiting to expel Phlegm. (*Source: Huo Fa Mi Fang*)
**Fright and Phlegm: Emesis Indicated**
Generally, treating Phlegm is primary, using Huang Lian, Nan Xing, Gua Lou, and Ban Xia. Identify Fire and Phlegm, treating according to their predominance. All recover. Differentiate Phlegm and Heat. For Heat, use Cooling herbs to clear the Heart. For Phlegm, Emetics are mandatory; post-emesis, use Dong Yuan An Shen Wan. The general rule is Emesis, followed by Liver-Pacifying agents like Qing Dai, Chai Hu, and Chuan Xiong. Long Hui Wan is appropriate. (*Source: Dan Xi Xin Fa*)
Dian is mostly caused by Phlegm-Qi. Any Qi rebellion or Phlegm stagnation can block meridians and obstruct the Heart orifices. The intermittent nature of the disease is due to the fluctuating nature of Qi. Therefore, treatment must assess Phlegm and Qi, addressing the severe aspect first. Check for Fire and treat accordingly based on pulse and symptoms. (*Source: Jing Yue Quan Shu*)
Predecessors often used Heavy Sedatives and Heart-Clearing drugs, which treat Heat and clear Phlegm. However, for stubborn, glued Phlegm, these drugs are ineffective. For pathology in the Upper Jiao, Emesis is required first; for Phlegm rooted in the interior, Purging is necessary. (*Source: Jin Nang*)
**Emetic Formula**
*Jing Yan Hou Fang*: Treats chronic Wind-Xian in adults/children, Chan Hou Feng (Strangling Throat Wind), cough, generalized urticaria, and acute Saliva Tide. This drug does not cause violent vomiting but expels saliva. Infants take 1 Zi dose. Gua Di (Thistle Fruit), finely powdered. Adults: 1 Zi; Under 15 or frail: Half Zi. Take with morning well water. After one meal-time, hold a piece of rock sugar. Soon, saliva flows like water. In chronic cases, a solid mass resembling dried saliva may float on the water surface like a mirror. Eat congee for 1-2 days after saliva clears. If vomiting causes extreme fatigue, drink a cup of She Xiang (Musk) soup to stop. Musk, finely ground, mixed with warm water. Former Minister Tian Ping suffered dizziness and took this, effectively extracting saliva. (*Source: Ben Cao Gang Mu*) (Refer to Mania section.)
**Purgative Formulas**
Chai Hu Jia Long Gu Mu Li Tang: This formula descends Gallbladder/Liver Fright-Phlegm; highly effective for Dianxian. (*Source: Shang Han Lun Lei Fang*) (Note: My father treated Mania with this, adding Tie Fen (Iron Powder), with excellent results.)
Fang Feng Tong Sheng San: Treats sudden outbreaks of all Wind-Xian and Manic disorders. (*Source: Yi Jian*) (Note: Originates from He Zi, mentioned above.)
A pregnant woman at six months developed Xian, raising her arms, purple-black face, closed eyes, foaming, fainting then recovering. Doctors gave Zhen Ling Dan for 50 doses; symptoms fluctuated until delivery, when she healed. Her husband suspected toxicity and stopped treatment. Pulse: Floating/String-taut on superficial press, Sinking/Slippery on deep press, becoming Sinking/Rapid at bone level. Predicted recurrence in May; it occurred at Si/Wu hours. Prepared Tong Sheng San with raw Gan Cao, Tao Ren, and Hong Hua. Used purging or vomiting; 4-5 doses reduced severity; she developed boils and healed. (*Source: Dan Xi Xin Fa*)
**Xiong Huang Wan**
For Fright caused by Wind, eye deviation, opisthotonos, limb spasms, back stiffness, and convulsions.
Xiong Huang (Realgar, 1 liang, finely ground)
Ba Dou (Croton Seed, peeled, heart removed, boiled in vinegar until red-yellow, washed, oil pressed, powder obtained: 2 qian)
Yu Jin (Curcuma Root, powder: 2 liang)
Grind the three ingredients evenly, refine honey, make pills the size of mung beans. Take 5-7 pills with Jing Jie (Schizonepeta) decoction. Regularly take before bed. If an attack occurs, mix Huai Jiao (Sophora Gum) and Bo He (Mint) wine, take 1 qian or half qian, expecting expulsion of Wind-Saliva-Phlegm. Children: 1-2 pills with cold Jing Jie decoction. (*Source: Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)
**Shen Shou Dan**
Treats Wu Yin (Five Aphonia/Dian) and Xian Feng. (*Source: Wei Sheng Jia Bao*)
Nao Zi (Camphor, half zi)
She Xiang (Musk, half zi)
Chen Sha (Cinnabar, 1 qian)
Quan Xie (Whole Scorpion, 4, detoxified)
Ba Dou (Croton Seed, 4 grains, oil not removed)
Qing Fen (Calomel, half zi)
Dan Chi (Light Fermented Soybean, 50 grains, soaked in water, skin removed)
Grind all finely. Use Chi Dou paste as binder. Make pills the size of a healthy person's finger joint. Add 1-2 drops of wine. Pills the size of a chicken head. Take 1 pill with good wine. Immediate vomiting/diarrhea ensues. If none, take another pill. Restore with white congee after diarrhea. Repeat every 7 days. Take 3 pills again after another 7 days for effect. (*Source: Huo Fa Mi Fang*)
*Miao Xiang Wan* from *Jin Kui Yi*: Treats Fright-Xian and hundred diseases. Remove Quan Xie and Dan Chi from the above formula. Add Niu Huang (Calculus Bovis) and Jin Bo (Gold Leaf). (Ba Dou 350 grains, processed; Chen Sha 9 liang; Jin Bo 90 sheets; remaining four ingredients 3 liang each). Grind evenly. Refine Huang La (Yellow Wax) 6 liang with Bai Mi (White Honey) 3 fen. Mix well, make pills. Each liang makes 30 pills. Take 2 pills with warm water, twice daily.
**Miao Gong Shi Yi Wan**
Treats Dian.
Ding Xiang (Clove)
Mu Xiang (Costus Root)
Chen Xiang (Agarwood)
Ru Xiang (Frankincense)
She Xiang (Musk)
Jing San Leng (Sparganium Rhizome, processed)
Guang Zhu (Curcuma Zedoaria, processed)
Hei Qian Niu (Black Morning Glory Seed, lightly fried)
Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome)
Lei Wan (Holarrhena Antidysenterica Seed, fried)
He Shi (Hairy Fruit Sesbania Seed, fried)
Hu Huang Lian (Picrorhiza Rhizome)
Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root)
Da Huang (Rhubarb Root, baked)
Chen Pi (Tangerine Peel)
Qing Pi (Green Tangerine Peel)
Xiong Huang (Realgar)
Xiong Dan (Bear Bile)
Gan Cao (Licorice Root, roasted): 2.5 qian each
Xiao Chi Dou (Adzuki Bean): 360 grains, boiled
Bai Ding Xiang (White Droppings of Sparrow): 360 pieces, pointed ones
Qing Fen (Calomel): 4 qian
Ba Dou (Croton Seed): 7 grains
Grind 23 ingredients to fine powder. Mash boiled Adzuki beans into paste. Mix with Buckwheat flour paste. Form 11 pills. Coat with Zhu Sha (Cinnabar). Dry in shade. Soak one pill in water overnight before taking. Expel via stool; shapes vary by disease, serve as verification. Do not reuse. Not for those previously moxa-treated. Older diseases respond better. (*Source: Shen Xiao Ming Fang*)
**Kong Xian Wan**
Treats chronic Xian unresponsive to treatment, stubborn saliva gathering/scattering unpredictably, generating various symptoms.
Sheng Chuan Wu (Aconitum Carmichaelii Radix, peeled)
Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber, washed)
Jiang Can (Bombyx Batryticatus, unroasted): These three chopped, soaked in fresh Ginger Juice overnight, 0.5 liang each.
Quan Xie (Whole Scorpion, detoxified): 7
Tie Fen (Calaminate): 3 qian
Gan Sui (Euphorbia Lathyris Root): 2.5 qian
Grind to fine powder. Use fresh Ginger Juice to make paste and form pills the size of mung beans. Coat with Zhu Sha. Take 15 pills after meals with Ginger Soup. Avoid Gan Cao. (*Source: Ji Sheng Fang*)
**Gun Tan Wan**
Treats Dian caused by excessive Heat in the Chest Diaphragm. (*Source: Dan Xi Xin Fa Fu Lu*) (Note: *Huo Fa Mi Fang* De Ming Dan uses Meng Shi and Yan Xiao for suppressing Xian; consult.)
**Long Hui Wan**
Treats Dian caused by excessive Liver Fire. (*Same Source*) Treats Kidney Water/Yin Deficiency with Wind-Heat accumulation, causing occasional Fright-Palpitations and Xian Convulsions. (*Source: Chi Shui Xuan Zhu*)
**Heavy Sedative Formulas**
**Ci Xiong Wan**
Treats Wind-Dian losing sanity, turning upside down wanting to die, Five Dians, Fright-Xian.
Xiong Huang (Realgar)
Ci Huang (Orpiment)
Zhen Zhu (Pearl): 1 liang each
Qian (Lead): 2 liang, melted into flakes
Dan Sha (Cinnabar): 1 fen
Shui Yin (Mercury): 8 fen
Grind six ingredients. Beat with honey 30,000 times. Make pills the size of broad beans. Take 2 pills before meals, twice daily. Increase gradually until efficacy is felt. (*Source: Qian Jin Fang*)
*Tai Ping Hui Min He Ji Ju Fang*:
**Zhen Zhu San**: Treats Heart-Wind with wild speech, unsettled mind, seeing spirits. Remove Ci Huang and Shui Yin from the above base. Add Shui Jing (Rock Crystal), Ren Shen, Jin Yin Bo (Gold/Silver Leaf), Hu Po (Amber), Niu Huang. Grind evenly. Take half qian with Mint Soup after meals.
**Xiong Zhu Dan**: Treats Wind-Dian losing sanity, falling, bad sounds, foaming, clamped jaw. Remove Zhen Zhu from the base (Black Lead and Mercury form cinnabar-like particles).
**Formula for Treating Dianxian**
Fei Chi Tou (Flying Owl Head): 2
Qian Dan (Red Lead): 1 jin
Grind two ingredients. Make honey pills. Take 3 pills before meals, three times daily. Severe cases: once at night. Increase slightly. (*Source: Qian Jin Fang*)
*Ji Sheng Fang* **Chi Tou Wan**: Treats Wind-Xian. Add Su Zao Jiao (Gleditsia Sinensis Fruit,酥-roasted) to the above base. Use Glutinous Rice Paste to form mung-bean-sized pills. Take 15 pills, increase to 20, with congee drink.
**Ban Xia Wan**
Treats accumulated Phlegm not dispersing, rushing up to the Heart, transforming into Wind-Xian. Suitable for all ages.
Ban Xia (Pinellia Tuber): 5 liang
Bai Fan (Alum): 3 liang
Zhu Sha (Cinnabar): 3 liang
Huang Dan (Red Lead): 2 liang
Grind/sift all ingredients. Mix evenly. Bind with Millet Rice. Make pills the size of paulownia seeds. Take 20 pills with Ren Shen Soup, regardless of meals. (*Source: He Ji Ju Fang*)
*San Yin Fang* **Zhen Xin Dan**: Treats insufficient Heart Qi, Fright-Palpitations, spontaneous sweating, vexation, oppression, shortness of breath. Chen Sha and Bai Fan in equal parts. Water-pill, chicken-head sized. Take 1 pill.
**Fan Dan**: Treats Five Dians and Hundred Xians, regardless of Yin/Yang or Cold/Heat. Guo Dan and Jin Fan 1 liang each. Bind with Pig Heart Blood. Make mung-bean-sized pills. Take 10-20 pills.
*Shen Xiao Ming Fang* **Zhu Sha Gun Xian San**: Treats Five Xians. Add Chi Shi Zhi and Xiao Shi (Niter) in equal parts to Zhen Xin Dan. Grind. Bind with Garlic Paste. Make mung-bean-sized pills. Take 30 pills.
**Dan Sha Jian**
Treats Wind-Dian, intermittent attacks lasting years.
Dan Sha (Cinnabar, finely ground, water-washed, filtered, dried, powdered: 3 liang)
Shi Gao (Gypsum Fibrosum, finely ground: 5 liang)
Huang Lian (Coptis Rhizome, de-rooted, pounded, sifted: 1 jin)
Sheng Di Huang (Rehmannia Root, fresh juice extracted, no water added: 2 sheng)
Boil Shi Gao and Huang Lian in 1 dou of clear water until 5 sheng remains. Strain. Add Sheng Di Huang juice. Simmer until thick like syrup. Remove from fire. Add Dan Sha powder. Stir 100+ times. Store in non-leaking vessel. Stir more until cool. Take twice daily with warm water, size of half a bullet. After taking, eat only bland rice.