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The pulse at Cun Kou is choppy, indicating insufficient Stomach Qi. The pulse at Guan is rapid, indicating exogenous heat in the Stomach. The pulse at Guan is moderate (relaxed), the patient has no desire to eat; this is due to disharmony of Stomach Qi and insufficiency of Spleen Qi. The pulse at Guan is slippery, indicating heat in the Stomach; a slippery pulse signifies excess heat. Due to Qi fullness, there is no desire to eat, and eating leads to vomiting and regurgitation. The pulse at Guan is wiry, indicating cold in the Stomach and reversal cold sensation below the heart; this is due to deficiency of Stomach Qi. The pulse at Guan is weak, indicating deficiency of Stomach Qi and exogenous heat in the Stomach; a weak pulse indicates illness caused by deficient heat. It is said that when heat is present, one should not attack it vigorously with harsh methods; if the heat is removed, cold will arise. The pulse at Guan is slow, indicating cold in the Stomach. The pulse at Guan is excess (forceful), indicating pain in the Stomach. The pulse at Guan is firm (deep, forceful, and long), indicating blockage of Qi in the Spleen and Stomach; excessive heat leads to abdominal fullness and borborygmus. The pulse at Guan is surging (large), indicating heat in the Stomach, which must cause irritability and fullness. (Ibid.)

The pulse at Cun Kou is choppy, indicating insufficient Stomach Qi. The pulse at Guan is rapid, indicating exogenous heat in the Stomach. The pulse at Guan is moderate, the patient has no desire to eat; this is due to disharmony of Stomach Qi and insufficiency of Spleen Qi. The pulse at Guan is slippery, indicating heat in the Stomach; a slippery pulse signifies excess heat. Due to Qi fullness, there is no desire to eat, and eating leads to vomiting and regurgitation. The pulse at Guan is wiry, indicating cold in the Stomach and reversal cold sensation below the heart; this is due to deficiency of Stomach Qi. The pulse at Guan is weak, indicating deficiency of Stomach Qi and exogenous heat in the Stomach; a weak pulse indicates illness caused by deficient heat. It is said that when heat is present, one should not attack it vigorously with harsh methods; if the heat is removed, cold will arise. The pulse at Guan is slow, indicating cold in the Stomach. The pulse at Guan is excess, indicating pain in the Stomach. The pulse at Guan is firm, indicating blockage of Qi in the Spleen and Stomach; excessive heat leads to abdominal fullness and borborygmus. The pulse at Guan is surging, indicating heat in the Stomach, which must cause irritability and fullness. (Ibid.)

The pulse at Guan is floating and large, indicating wind in the Stomach, characterized by gasping with open mouth and shoulder breathing, a feeling of emptiness below the heart, and a desire to vomit. The pulse at Guan is slightly floating (the term "slightly" is absent in *Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun*), indicating accumulated heat in the Stomach, vomiting of roundworms, and forgetfulness. A weak Chi pulse and strong Cun pulse indicate injury to the Stomach collaterals. (Ibid.)

The Stomach is a Fu organ, also known as the Sea of Water and Grain, and is exteriorly-interiorly related to the Spleen. The Stomach is the root of human life; if Stomach Qi is strong, the Zang and Fu organs are all strong; its meridian is the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. If Stomach Qi is exhausted, death occurs within five days. In excess conditions, there is abdominal distension, difficulty in defecation, pain in limbs and joints, inability to eat, and incessant vomiting. In deficiency conditions, there is borborygmus, abdominal fullness, craving for water, and loose stools. In cold conditions, there is abdominal pain and inability to eat cold food. In heat conditions, the face is red like a drunkard, limbs are flaccid and unable to support the body, inability to lie down peacefully, delirious speech, chaotic vision, and hard stool are observed. When the disease is severe, there is abdominal and hypochondriac fullness, vomiting and regurgitation preventing food intake, pain in the epigastrium, obstruction of upper and lower Qi, aversion to the smell of food, dislike of people speaking, chills, and frequent yawning/stretching. Heat in the Stomach causes black lips; severe heat causes climbing high and singing, discarding clothes and running, madness, sweating on the forehead, and incessant epistaxis. Extreme deficiency causes swelling of the four limbs, shortness of breath in the chest, undigested food, which belongs to Middle Xiao (Middle Consumptive Thirst); wind invading the Stomach causes incessant loose stools. Insufficient Stomach Qi causes frequent hunger but indigestion. If the area below the nose of a patient is flat, it indicates Stomach disease; those who are thirsty are difficult to treat. (Another version omits the above thirteen characters, stating that mild dryness with thirst is treatable.) (*Zhong Zang Jing*)

Stomach Excess: An excess Yang pulse at the right Guan position indicates Stomach Excess. The patient suffers from dull pain in the intestines, lack of appetite for food, and inability to digest food after eating. (*Mai Jing*)

An excess Yang pulse at the right Guan position corresponds to the Foot-Yangming Meridian. The patient suffers from hard and painful abdomen with heat (in *Qian Jin Fang*, headache is mentioned), absence of sweat, symptoms resembling warm malaria, dry lips and mouth, frequent hiccups, breast abscess, and swelling and pain in the supraclavicular fossa and axilla. (Ibid.)

When the Stomach is in excess, heat arises. Heat causes constant thirst and desire for water, headache resembling malaria, dry lips and mouth, preference for hiccups, or occurrence of breast abscess, and swelling in the supraclavicular fossa and axilla. Abdominal fullness, body heat, feeling of emptiness in the heart, rapid digestion with hunger, and yellow urine are signs of Stomach Excess-Heat. (*Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang*)

Six Signs of Stomach Excess: Delirium, madness, appearance of macules, discarding clothes and running, climbing high and singing belong to Excess-Heat pathogenic factor in the Stomach family; bad breath and frequent desire to eat belong to Stomach Fire; gastric discomfort (zao re) belongs to Stomach Fire; tasteless mouth belongs to Stomach Heat; vomiting belonging to Stomach Fire must be accompanied by red face, scanty dark or obstructed urination, mostly dry stool, bitter or dry mouth; acid regurgitation belongs to Stomach Fire. (*Ben Cao Jing Shu*)

Stomach Deficiency: An absent Yang pulse at the right Guan position indicates absence of Stomach pulse. The patient suffers from acid regurgitation and headache, with cold in the Stomach. (*Mai Jing*)

A deficient Yang pulse at the right Guan position corresponds to the Foot-Yangming Meridian. The patient suffers from cold calves, inability to sleep, aversion to cold with shivering, tense eyes, abdominal pain with empty borborygmus (in *Wai Tai Mi Yao*, empty ear ringing is mentioned), alternating chills and fever, dry lips and mouth, and edema of the face and eyes. (Ibid.)

Stomach deficiency generates cold. Cold causes suffering from hunger, constant pain in the heart and abdomen, empty distension of both hypochondria, dysphagia, inability to swallow food and drink, edema of the face and eyes, shivering aversion to wind, tense eyes, cold calves, and inability to lie down peacefully; these are signs of Stomach Deficiency-Cold. (*Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang*)

Seven Signs of Stomach Deficiency: Weak stomach unable to accept food and lack of appetite; vomiting due to Stomach deficiency should be differentiated into cold and heat; cholera with tendon spasms belongs to Stomach deficiency, caused by sudden invasion of evil Qi and toxic gases, combined with stagnation (tendon spasms differ from Liver Meridian Blood deficiency); intestinal colic belongs to Stomach Qi deficiency, caused by sudden invasion of heaven and earth's evil and filthy Qi, stagnating in the chest and abdomen; zhong e (sudden severe illness from evil qi) with abdominal pain belongs to Stomach Qi deficiency, caused by invasion of evil Qi; retroflexion (regurgitation) belongs to Stomach Qi deficiency; alcohol intoxication belongs to weak Stomach. (*Ben Cao Jing Shu*)

Spleen and Stomach Both Excess: An excess Yin and Yang pulse at the right Guan position indicates excess in both the Foot-Taiyin Spleen and Foot-Yangming Stomach meridians. The patient suffers from Spleen distension, hard abdomen, pain pulling from the hypochondria, non-rotating Stomach Qi, difficult defecation, occasional diarrhea, abdominal pain, Qi rushing up to Lung and Liver, disturbing the Five Zang organs, immediate wheezing with rattling, frequent fright, body heat without sweat, throat bi, and scanty essence. (*Mai Jing*)

Spleen and Stomach Both Deficient: A deficient Yin and Yang pulse at the right Guan position indicates deficiency in both the Foot-Taiyin Spleen and Foot-Yangming Stomach meridians. The patient suffers from a hollow feeling in the Stomach, shortness of breath, inability to breathe fully, cold extremities, and incessant watery diarrhea. (*Mai Jing*)

Lung Disease Syndrome: If the Lung is injured, labor and fatigue lead to coughing and spitting blood. The pulse is fine, tight, floating, or rapid, all indicating hemoptysis. This results from agitation and anger, causing Lung injury and Qi congestion. In Lung disease, the complexion is white, the body feels only cold without heat, there is frequent coughing, and the pulse is slightly slow; this is treatable. In Lung disease, the body should have heat, coughing, shortness of breath, and spitting of pus and blood; the pulse should be short and choppy. If the pulse is instead floating and large, and the complexion is white but turns red, this is Fire overcoming Metal, a major reversal, ten deaths, untreatable. (*Mai Jing*)

Lung Qi connects with the nose; when harmonious, one can distinguish odors. With cold, there is frequent coughing; with excess, clear nasal discharge flows. All deficiency, excess, cold, and heat conditions cause wheezing and coughing. A deep and turbid pulse indicates internal disease; a floating and clear pulse indicates external disease. When the Lung dies, the nostrils open and become black and withered, with wheezing and fixed staring eyes. Also, Lung exhaustion leads to death in twelve days; the symptom is swollen feet and involuntary passage of diarrhea/dysentery. White face and blue eyes indicate disorder of meridians, also untreatable. Drinking alcohol while exposed to wind, with pathogen attacking the Lung, causes coughing, wheezing, and oppression; those with hemoptysis are untreatable, those without are treatable, and those with yellow face and white eyes are treatable. Red cheeks in Lung disease indicate death. Rapid speech with wheezing, shortness of breath, and frequent spitting (or sleeping) indicate ten deaths out of ten, hundred deaths out of hundred, a sign of major reversal. If Yang Qi rises and does not descend, burning in the Lung, and Lung itself binds pathogenic factors, leading to fullness, wheezing, rapid breathing, delirium, closed eyes, abnormal speech, open mouth and nose, swelling of head and both bowels/bladder, and unlimited drinking, this is due to heat injuring the Lung, transforming Lung into blood; if untreatable, death occurs within half a year. If a person usually has a clear and resonant voice but suddenly loses resonance, drags their breath with effort, finds it hard to speak, and has fixed gaze, although not yet ill, they will not live long. Also, Lung excess manifests as upper asthma, rapid wheezing and coughing, body heat, and large pulse. Lung deficiency manifests as lack of strength, rapid wheezing, right hypochondriac fullness, and shortness of speech; these are the signs. Alternating chills and fever, nasal congestion, red chin, and white face are all signs of Lung disease. (*Zhong Zang Jing*)

Lung Excess: An excess Yin pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) indicates Lung Excess. The patient suffers from shortness of Qi, chest fullness, and a distending sensation pulling towards the shoulders. (*Mai Jing*)

An excess Yin pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) corresponds to the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. The patient suffers from Lung distension, sweating like dew, upper asthma and counterflow Qi, throat obstruction, and a sensation of wanting to vomit. (Ibid.) (*Qian Jin Fang* says: This is Lung Excess-Heat.)

Eight Signs of Lung Excess: Rapid wheezing belongs to Excess-Heat in the Lung and counterflow of Lung Qi; Qi congestion belongs to Lung Heat and counterflow Qi; heavy voice and thick phlegm belong to Lung Heat; lung abscess belongs to extreme Lung Heat; Lung distension and oppression belong to Lung Heat; spitting pus, blood, and bloody sputum, coughing and hemoptysis belong to severe Fire-Excess-Heat in the Lung family, which is precisely what "excess due to pathogenic victory" means; throat tinea belongs to Lung Heat; Upper Xiao belongs to Excess-Fire in the Lung family and Heat in the Upper Jiao. (*Ben Cao Jing Shu*)

Lung Deficiency: An absent Yin pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) indicates absence of Lung pulse. The patient suffers from shortness of Qi, coughing and counterflow Qi, throat obstruction, and belching/counterflow. (*Mai Jing*)

A deficient Yin pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) corresponds to the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian. The patient suffers from shortness of Qi, inability to breathe fully, dry throat, and lack of saliva. (Ibid.) (*Qian Jin Fang* says: Named Lung Deficiency-Cold.)

If Lung Qi is insufficient, there is abdominal distension and restlessness, vomiting/regurgitation and upper Qi, frequent sad thoughts, feeling cold as if drinking cold water, Lung damage with spitting of phlegm-saliva, hair and skin not standing up, countless angers, stiffness and pain in shoulders, back, and spine, being pulled by ghosts in dreams, loss of nasal sensation, and dryness of bones; this is Lung insufficiency, and if untreated, the disease becomes difficult to cure. (*Wu Zang Lun*)

The Lung acts as the Canopy, covering the other Zang organs. If Lung is deficient, cold arises. Cold causes Yin Qi to flourish. Flourishing Yin Qi causes hoarseness, effortful speech, trembling/sluggish weakness, shortness of Qi, dry throat without saliva, deficiency-cold with lack of Qi, fear and unhappiness, coughing and wheezing, clear nasal discharge, and scorched/withered hair and skin. Diagnosing a deep and moderate pulse indicates signs of Lung Deficiency. (*Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang*)

The essence of the Zang and Fu organs all pours upward into the Lung. The Lung governs Qi; Qi acts as Wei (Defensive) Qi, circulating through the Yang meridians, and flourishing in the hair and skin. If Qi is insufficient, there is shortness of Qi in the chest and diaphragm, throat obstruction, coughing/regurgitation, nasal discharge and sputum, cold rising from the back, sensation of frost/snow in the mouth, loss of voice, and withered/collapsed hair and skin; these are all signs of insufficient Lung Qi. (Ibid.)

Seven Signs of Lung Deficiency: Wheezing belongs to Lung Deficiency with Heat, leading to phlegm congestion; coughing and spitting blood/phlegm belong to severe Lung Heat; hoarseness belongs to severe Lung Heat; dry and painful throat belongs to depletion of Water and flaming Fire, extreme Lung Heat, which is difficult to treat by standard methods; lung flaccidity (Fei Fei) belongs to Lung Qi deficiency with Heat; turtle chest (Gui Xiong) belongs to Lung Heat with Phlegm; Xi Ben belongs to Lung Qi deficiency with congestion of Phlegm-Heat. (*Ben Cao Jing Shu*)

Large Intestine Excess: An excess Yang pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) indicates Large Intestine Excess. The patient suffers from cutting pain in the intestines, as if pierced by awls or knives, without respite. (*Mai Jing*)

(*Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun* writes "without respite", with cold bi and cramping in waist and back.)

An excess Yang pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) corresponds to the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. The patient suffers from abdominal fullness, prone to wheezing and coughing, red face, body heat, and a sensation of a kernel in the throat/pharynx. (Ibid.) (*Qian Jin Fang* says: Named Large Intestine Excess-Heat.)

Retained food in the Large Intestine causes chills and fever at times, resembling malaria. (Ibid.)

Four Signs of Large Intestine Excess: Constipation and intestinal wind bleeding belong to Damp-Heat in the Large Intestine; Zang Du (visceral toxin) belongs to Blood Heat; intestinal abscess belongs to Excess-Fire in the Large Intestine. (*Ben Cao Jing Shu*)

Large Intestine Deficiency: An absent Yang pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) indicates absence of Large Intestine pulse. The patient suffers from shortness of Qi, fluid-Qi below the heart, and coughing starting at the Start of Autumn solar term. (*Mai Jing*)

A deficient Yang pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) corresponds to the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian. The patient suffers from chest wheezing, borborygmus, empty thirst, dry lips and mouth, tense eyes, frequent fright, and passage of white matter. (Ibid.) (*Qian Jin Fang* says: Named Large Intestine Deficiency-Cold.)

Cold in the Large Intestine causes diarrhea; Heat causes constipation/excretion blockage; Exhaustion causes uncontrolled diarrhea/dysentery, and cessation of excretion leads to death. Deficiency-Cold causes slippery/uncontrolled diarrhea. The Large Intestine alternates between deficiency and excess, coming and going; Cold causes loose stools, Heat causes heavy/foul residue. (Note: There is erroneous text here.) Accumulated cold that does not dissipate causes pain at the umbilicus, inability to stand for long periods, and after pain subsides, passage of white matter; this is the case. (*Zhong Zang Jing*)

Four Signs of Large Intestine Deficiency: Deficient-Heat constipation/blockage belongs to Blood Deficiency and insufficient fluids; Deficient-Cold slippery/uncontrolled diarrhea belongs to Qi Deficiency; borborygmus belongs to Qi Deficiency; rectal prolapse belongs to Qi Deficiency, combined with Damp-Heat. (*Ben Cao Jing Shu*)

Lung and Large Intestine Both Excess: An excess Yin and Yang pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) indicates excess in both the Hand-Taiyin Lung and Hand-Yangming Large Intestine meridians. The patient suffers from headache and dizziness, fright and madness, throat bi pain, curled arms, and inability to close lips/mouth corners. (*Mai Jing*)

Lung and Large Intestine Both Deficient: A deficient Yin and Yang pulse at the Cun Kou before the Guan (right hand) indicates deficiency in both the Hand-Taiyin Lung and Hand-Yangming Large Intestine meridians. The patient suffers from buzzing tinnitus, occasional hallucinations of light, inner displeasure, or feelings of terror. (*Mai Jing*)

Kidney Disease Syndrome: Kidney pulse deep, large, and firm; or floating, large, and tight. The patient suffers from swelling of bones in hands and feet, reversal cold with genital flaccidity, lower back/spine pain, lower abdominal swelling, fluid-Qi below the heart, alternating distension/blockage and diarrhea. This is caused by bathing in water and engaging in intercourse before the body is dry, as well as labor and fatigue triggering it. In Kidney disease, the complexion is black, Qi is weak, breathing is shallow and short, ears suffer from deafness, lower back hurts, frequent seminal emission, reduced diet, and coldness below the knees. The pulse is deep, slippery, and slow; this is treatable. In Kidney disease, cold extremities, red face, yellow eyes, uncontrollable urination, vexatious pain in joints, knotting pain in lower abdomen, Qi rushing to the heart. The pulse should be deep, fine, and slippery; if it is instead floating and large, and the complexion should be black but is yellow, this is Earth overcoming Water, a major reversal, ten deaths, untreatable. (*Mai Jing*)

Kidney Excess: An excess Yin pulse at the Chi position behind the Guan (left hand) indicates Kidney Excess. The patient suffers from confusion and forgetfulness, blurred vision, deafness, melancholy, and frequent tinnitus. An excess Yin pulse at the Chi position behind the Guan (right hand) indicates Kidney Excess. The patient suffers from bone pain, lower back/spine pain, and internal alternating cold and heat. (*Mai Jing*)

An excess Yin pulse at the Chi position behind Shenmen (left hand) corresponds to the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. The patient suffers from bladder distension/blockage, pain pulling from lower abdomen to lower back/spine. An excess Yin pulse at the Chi position behind Shenmen (left hand) corresponds to the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. The patient suffers from dry tongue, swollen throat, vexation, dry throat, intermittent chest/hypochondriac pain, wheezing/coughing with sweat, lower abdominal fullness, stiff/urgent back, heavy body, hot bones, dark yellow urine, irritability, forgetfulness, hot/painful soles, black limbs, and deafness. (*Qian Jin Fang* says: Named Kidney Excess-Heat.) An excess Yin pulse at the Chi position behind Shenmen (right hand) corresponds to the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. The patient suffers from Bi syndrome, body heat, heart/chest pain, pain pulling from spine to hypochondria, and reversal heat/vexation in feet. (Ibid.) (*Qian Jin Fang* says: Named Kidney Excess-Heat.)

When Kidney Qi is abundant and Zhi (Will) is in excess, diseases include abdominal distension, incomplete digestion diarrhea, body swelling, wheezing/coughing, sweating with aversion to wind, black face/head, and yellow urine; this is Kidney Qi Excess, and purgation is appropriate. (*Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun*)

Symptoms include lower abdominal fullness, dark yellow urine, terminal dribbling, frequency, and pain; this is Kidney Excess. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)

The Kidney has no Excess condition, thus no purgation method. Two Signs of Mingmen Excess: Persistent erection belongs to Mingmen Fire Excess, caused by solitary Yang without Yin; this condition is mostly untreatable. Painful obstruction of the water orifice belongs to Mingmen Excess-Fire. (*Ben Cao Jing Shu*)

Kidney Deficiency (Frequent Saliva): An absent Yin pulse at the Chi position behind the Guan (left hand) indicates absence of Kidney pulse. The patient suffers from heat in soles, tension inside thighs, exhaustion/scarcity of essence and Qi, caused by labor and fatigue. An absent Yin pulse at the Chi position behind the Guan (right hand) indicates absence of Kidney pulse. The patient suffers from reversal cold in feet, upward rushing chest pain, dreaming of entering water and seeing ghosts, frequent lethargy/sleep, and black objects appearing to cover the person. (*Mai Jing*)

A deficient Yin pulse at the Chi position behind Shenmen (left hand) corresponds to the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. The patient suffers from chest oppression, heaviness below, swollen feet unable to touch the ground. A deficient Yin pulse at the Chi position behind Shenmen (right hand) corresponds to the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian. The patient suffers from small/weak calves, aversion to wind/cold, intermittent pulse absence, cold feet, heaviness above/lightness below, inability to walk touching the ground, lower abdominal fullness, upward rushing chest/hypochondria, pain pulling to under ribs. (Ibid.) (*Qian Jin Fang* adds: Named Kidney Deficiency-Cold.)

Insufficient Kidney Qi leads to reversal cold, cold lower back/spine, chest pain, tinnitus, and deafness; this is Kidney Qi Deficiency, and tonification is appropriate. (*Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun*)

If Kidney Qi is insufficient, waist/hips are hard to control, confusion and lack of mental strength, heavy hearing/inability to hear, vision like murky water, cold Qi in waist, itching all over body, bone pain preventing comfort, stiffness upon sitting, lack of Qi and dry throat, appearance like melted glue, stiff waist/hips as if cold; this is Kidney insufficiency, causing bodily discomfort. (*Wu Zang Lun*)

The Kidney is the Foot-Shaoyin Meridian; left is Kidney, right is Mingmen. Kidney and Mingmen are the residence of Spirit-Essence and the attachment of Primordial Qi. If Kidney is deficient, there is cutting pain in lower back/spine, inability to bend/extend, small/weak calves, frequent aversion to wind/cold, cold extremities, short breathing, vexatious joint pain, knotting pain in umbilical/abdomen, dark/black complexion, empty tinnitus in ears, withered muscle/bone, slippery/frequent urination; diagnosing a floating, fine, and rapid pulse indicates signs of Kidney Deficiency. (*Tai Ping Sheng Hui Fang*)

Fluids and drinks cannot transmit without ascending/descending, nor can they be dissolved without Yang herbs. Frequent saliva in Kidney deficiency is due to Kidney insufficiency, deficient/minimal Yang Qi, and condensation/stagnation of Yin-Cold in the chest/diaphragm, unable to dissolve, overflowing upwards to teeth/gums, hence preference for saliva. (*Sheng Ji Zong Lu*)

Eighteen Signs of Kidney Deficiency (True Yin Insufficiency of Kidney Water): Lower back pain due to Kidney deficiency belongs to Essence-Qi deficiency; bone weakness/lack of strength belongs to Yin-Essence insufficiency, as deficiency governs bones; bone-steaming tidal fever belongs to extreme Essence-Blood deficiency, leading to Yang having no attachment, Fire flaming upwards; Transmitted Corpse Consumption (Chuan Shi Lao); vexatious heat in five hearts belongs to True Yin insufficiency; nocturnal emission/semen leakage belongs to Kidney Deficiency with Fire; scanty/astringent, hot/dark, frequent urination belongs to Kidney Deficiency with Fire; terminal dribbling belongs to Qi Deficiency; hematuria/blood strangury belongs to Kidney Deficiency with Fire, Heat injuring Blood division; semen injury/white turbidity belongs to excessive sexual labor, leading to damaged semen flowing out, resembling white turbidity syndrome; Five Stranguries belong to Kidney Deficiency combined with Damp-Heat; semen blocking water orifice obstruction belongs to uncompleted sexual desire, unsatisfied longing, holding back ejaculation due to fear, or elderly lacking Qi to expel semen; floating teeth, shaking true teeth, soft lower gums, or dental bleeding belong to Kidney Deficiency with Heat; Lower Xiao belongs to Kidney Yin Deficiency, Fire lurking in Lower Jiao; frequent fear belongs to Kidney Qi Deficiency, as Kidney stores Zhi; leakage of Qi from yin orifice belongs to Kidney Qi Deficiency insecurity, as Kidney governs receiving Qi, deficiency cannot receive, hence these signs; hernia belongs to Kidney Deficiency, Cold-Damp pathogens invading due to deficiency; Danxi stated it has nothing to do with Kidney Meridian, which is an error; also, some start with Damp-Pathogen disease, later becoming Damp-Heat, drugs should be divided into cold/heat sequential paths; Running Piglet (Ben Tun) belongs to Kidney Deficiency, Spleen Damp-Pathogen transmitting downward to invade Kidney. (*Ben Cao Jing Shu*) Four Signs of Mingmen Deficiency (Primordial Yang True Fire Insufficiency): Impotence belongs to Mingmen Fire Decline, Lower Jiao Deficiency-Cold; cold/thin semen belongs to Mingmen Fire Decline, insufficient Yang Qi; Kidney diarrhea (morning diarrhea) belongs to Mingmen True Fire Insufficiency, aversion to cold and cold feet. (Ibid.)

Bladder Excess: An excess Yang pulse at the Chi position behind the Guan (left hand) indicates Bladder Excess. The patient suffers from reversal cold, pain pulling from hypochondria due to pathogenic Qi. An excess Yang pulse at the Chi position behind the Guan (right hand) indicates Bladder Excess. The patient suffers from lower abdominal fullness, pulling lower back pain. (*Mai Jing*)

An excess Yang pulse at the Chi position behind Shenmen (left hand) corresponds to the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian. The patient suffers from reversal fullness, lower back pain unable to bend/extend, due to labor. An excess Yang pulse at the Chi position behind Shenmen (right hand)