手阳明之支脉入于齿，头面有风而阳明脉虚，风挟热乘虚入齿龈，搏于血，故血出也。（《病源论》）
阳明实热之甚，大便闭结不通，而齿衄不止者，宜调胃承气汤下之。肾水不足，口不臭，牙不痛，但齿摇不
坚，或微痛不甚，而牙缝时多出血者，此肾阴不固，虚火偶动而然，但宜壮肾，以六味地黄丸之类主之。或其阳
虚于下而虚火上浮者，宜八味丸之类主之。（《景岳》）
《短剧方》治有饮酒醉后，牙齿涌血射出，不能禁者方。
取小钉烧令赤，正注血孔上，一注即析（当作断字）。钉当令赤，不赤不能断。（《医心》）
《经心方》治齿间血出方。
取茗草浓煮汁，勿与盐，适寒温含漱，竟日为之验。（同上）
治齿龈间津液血出不止方。
生竹茹二两，醋煮含之。（《千金》）
又方，矾石一两烧，水三升，煮取一升，先试血，乃含之。已后不用，朽人牙根，齿落不用之可也。（同上）
治齿间血出方，温童子小便半升，取三合含之，其血即止。（同上）
必胜散，冶齿衄。
蒲黄（略炒） 螺儿青（各等分）
上为细末，每用少许，擦患处，少待，用温盐水漱之。（《济生续方》）
齿缝中血出，盐汤漱之。（《本草衍义》）（《医说》曰∶《素问》云盐胜血故也。《纲目》曰∶能益齿，
走血之验也。）
治满口齿有血，枸杞根为末，煎汤漱，后吃。又治膈上吐血，妙。（《纲目》引孙）又方，五倍子烧灰，擦
牙。（《如宜》）
齿缝中出血如注，或如细线，名齿衄。世传用银簪脚烧红，以尖脚于血孔中烙之即止。后服清胃散加熟大黄，
《准绳》法，屡用去黑屎二、三块效。（《六要》）（按∶清胃散本东垣治牙疼方，用生地、升麻、丹皮、当归、
黄连。）
清胃散，治胃经有热，牙齿或牙龈作肿，出血不止并效。
黄芩 黄连 生地 丹皮 升麻 石膏（各一钱）
水二钟，煎八分，食后服。（《外科正宗》）
一友姓郑，肝气素旺，易发恼怒，复好饮酒，嗜食煎炒，忽一日牙肉肿痛，流血不止。一医用犀角地黄汤不
止，改用三黄汤、清火解毒汤，其血愈甚。患此证旬日不止，仓皇无措，召余诊脉。余见其脉，六脉洪大，寸口
急数，有七至余。谓其病者曰∶此阳明胃积热证无疑，但火势已甚，恐不能直折，仍用前三黄汤合地黄汤，少加
炒黑肉桂从治，则其火必下降也。服二剂，其血立止。凡火证正治反增，必须从其性以治之，此乃先贤之秘方也。
（《医约》）
进士董公，王戌释褐时，牙龈流血不止，百方罔效。予教用煮乌梅去复选肉，捣成大丸，含患处，数丸而愈。
（《程星海》）
The branch of the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian enters the teeth. If wind pathogen invades the head and face, and the Yangming meridian is deficient, wind carrying heat enters the gums through the deficiency, combats with blood, causing bleeding. (From *Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun*)
If Yangming excess-heat is severe, accompanied by constipation and unceasing dental epistaxis (gingival bleeding), it is appropriate to use Tiaowei Chengqi Tang (Regulate the Stomach Purge Decoction) to purge downward. If Kidney water is insufficient, with no foul odor in the mouth and no toothache, but only loose and unstable teeth or slight pain, yet frequent heavy bleeding from the gum spaces, this is due to insecure Kidney Yin and occasional movement of deficient fire; treatment should focus on strengthening the Kidney, primarily using Liuwei Dihuang Wan (Six-Ingredient Rehmannia Pill). If Yang Qi is deficient in the lower jiao leading to floating deficient fire, Bawei Wan (Eight-Ingredient Pill, i.e., Jin Gui Shen Qi Wan) should be used. (From Zhang Jingyue's *Jingyue Quanshu*)
*Duanju Fang* records a method for treating spurting blood from teeth after drunkenness that cannot be controlled.
Take small iron nails, burn them until red-hot, and place them directly over the bleeding hole; one application stops the flow ("xi" in the original text should be "duan", meaning cut off). The nail must be red-hot; if not red-hot, it cannot stop the bleeding. (From *Ishinpo*)
*Jingxin Fang* treats bleeding between teeth.
Take strong decoction of Mingcao (Herba Siegesbeckiae or similar local herb), do not add salt, hold in mouth at suitable temperature for rinsing, perform all day for good effect. (Ibid.)
Method for unceasing exudation of saliva and blood from the gums.
Raw Zhuru (Bamboo Shavings) two liang, boil with vinegar and hold in mouth. (From *Qianjin Fang*)
Another formula: Burn Fan Shi (Alumen) one liang, add three sheng of water, boil to obtain one sheng. Test on blood first, then hold in mouth. Do not use subsequently, as it will rot the tooth roots and cause tooth loss. (Ibid.)
Method for bleeding between teeth: Warm half a sheng of童子小便 (Child's Urine), take three he and hold in mouth; the bleeding will stop immediately. (Ibid.)
Bisheng San (Victory Powder), treats dental epistaxis.
Puhuang (Pollinis Typhae, slightly stir-fried) and Luo'er Qing (Shells of Concha Haliotidis, equal parts).
Grind into fine powder. Apply a small amount to the affected area, wait a moment, then rinse with warm salt water. (From *Jisheng Xufang*)
Bleeding from gum spaces: Rinse with salt soup. (From *Bencao Yan Yi*) (*Yi Shuo* states: *Su Wen* says salt conquers blood. *Bencao Gangmu* states: This is proof of salt benefiting teeth and moving blood.)
Treats bleeding from all teeth: Grind Gouqigen (Radix Lycii) into powder, decoct for rinsing, then swallow. Also treats hematemesis from above the diaphragm, excellent effect. (Cited from Sun Simiao in *Bencao Gangmu*). Another method: Burn Wubeizi (Galla Chinensis) to ash, rub on teeth. (From *Ruyi Fang*)
Bleeding from gum spaces like a gush or thin thread is named Chi Nu (Dental Epistaxis). Popular tradition uses silver hairpin tips heated red-hot to cauterize the bleeding hole to stop bleeding. Afterwards, administer Qingwei San (Clear the Stomach Powder) plus cooked Dahuang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei), according to *Zhunsheng*, which has been frequently effective after passing two or three black stools. (From *Yixue Liuyao*) (Note: Qingwei San was originally Dongyuan's formula for toothache, composed of Shengdi Huang, Shengma, Danpi, Danggui, Huanglian.)
Qingwei San (Clear the Stomach Powder) treats heat in the Stomach meridian, swelling of teeth or gums, and unceasing bleeding.
Huangqin (Radix Scutellariae), Huanglian (Rhizoma Coptidis), Shengdi Huang (Radix Rehmanniae Preparata), Danpi (Cortex Moutan), Shengma (Rhizoma Cimicifugae), Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum) (each one qian).
Add two zhong of water, decoct to eight fen, take after meals. (From *Waike Zhengzong*)
A friend surnamed Zheng had naturally vigorous Liver Qi, prone to anger, and enjoyed drinking alcohol and eating fried foods. Suddenly, his gingiva swelled and hurt, with unceasing bleeding. A doctor treated him with Xijiao Dihuang Tang (Rhinoceros Horn and Rehmannia Decoction) without success, then switched to Sanhuang Tang (Three Yellows Decoction) and Qinghuo Jiedu Tang (Clear Heat and Detoxify Decoction), making the bleeding worse. After ten days of unceasing bleeding, he was panicked and summoned me. I observed his pulse: all six positions were surging and large, the Cun position was rapid and tense, exceeding seven beats per breath. I told him: This is undoubtedly accumulation of heat in the Yangming Stomach, but the fire is so intense that direct suppression may fail. Use the previous Sanhuang Tang combined with Dihuang Tang, adding a small amount of stir-fried black Rougui (Cortex Cinnamomi) for counter-treatment (reverse adjuvant), so the fire will descend. After two doses, the bleeding stopped immediately. For fire syndromes, direct treatment may exacerbate; one must treat according to its nature. This is the secret recipe of the sages. (From *Yiyue*)
Scholar Dong Gong, when he passed the imperial examination in the Wangxu year, suffered from unceasing gingival bleeding, to which all methods failed. I taught him to use boiled Wu Mei (Fructus Mume), removing the flesh, pounding it into large pills, and holding them in the affected area; after several pills, he was cured. (From *Cheng Xinghai Yian*)