医家小传
1970年初冬，在北京召开的首届全国中西医结合卫生工作会议上，一项来自山西的成果，犹如平地里响起的一声春雷，使中外医学界为之震惊，这就是“中西医结合非手术疗法治疗宫外孕”的研究成功。它的惊人之处在于，仅靠内服中药就能够使宫外妊娠之占位性病变神奇般地消失，使万分危急的急腹症病人瞬间转危为安，并很快恢复器官的功能。该研究之成功，开创了中西医结合治疗急腹症之先河，改写了宫外孕必经西医手术治疗的历史，在新中国中西医结合史上，揭开了崭新的一页，使古老的传统中医学再次焕发出青春的光采。
这项成果的主要发明人，正是本传的主人翁——山西省中医研究所(现山西省中医药研究院)老所长李翰卿。他和山西医学院(现山西医科大学)第一附属医院妇产科主任于载畿等人组成的“宫外孕非手术疗法科研组”共同完成了该项研究。会议期间，“宫外孕非手术疗法科研组”受到周恩来总理的亲切接见。该项成果先后被评为“全国十大医学科研成果”、“卫生部级科研发明奖”及“(1978年)全国科学大会重大贡献一等奖”等。宫外孕Ⅰ号方、宫外孕Ⅱ号方，作为该项成果的标志，亦被先后载人各种医药学辞典及教科书中……
李翰卿，字华轩，又名希缙，1892年出生于山西省灵丘县上沙坡村。舅父张玉玺乃当地有名的儒医，李氏自幼从其学医习文，日积月累，加之勤奋刻苦，终于尽得其传。李氏15岁时即能治疗一般的疾病，以后虽在当地小学任教，但每有闲暇即为人疗疾，以治病救人为乐，逐渐医名日增，求治者盈门。27岁时，由本县推荐到山西省立医学传习所(川至医专前身)应试，以考试成绩第一名被录取。经过3年的寒窗苦读，他不但系统钻研了中医经典，对历代各家各派学说亦多有涉猎。1922年毕业，先后应邀在太原复成堂、体乾堂等行医。35岁始独立开业，悬壶并州。由于其医术高超，就医者络绎不绝，渐次在省城声名大噪。然而更为人称颂的是，他视病家如同亲友，若遇穷苦百姓，不但不收诊金，还时常资助药费济人。有一陈姓患者，身患疾病，家贫无力就医，听人称道李氏声名遂前去求治，果然李氏不但全力救治，且诊金、药费分文不取，直至痊愈。解放后陈已高龄，犹时对人言及此事。李氏因其医术精湛，医德高尚，在群众中享有很高的声望，被誉为山西四大名医之一，并深受中医界同仁爱戴，被公推为太原国医公会执行委员。
太原解放后，李氏更是如获新生，决心以自己的医术为新中国服务，并主动将珍藏多年的《万有文库》凡1942册图书捐献给国家，受到山西省人民政府的高度赞扬。他工作勤奋，学习努力，于1956年加入中国共产党，先后于山西省总工会职工医院、太原市工人疗养院第二医院、山西省中医研究所任医务主任、副院长、所长。历任主要社会兼职有：山西省医药科学研究委员会副主任委员，太原中医研究会会长，中华医学会山西分会副理事长。山西省第一、二、三届人民代表大会代表，和山西省政协第二、三届常委、委员等。1972年因病逝世，享年80岁。
李氏治学，以《内经》《伤寒》《金匮》《神农本草经》四大经典为基础，治病尤遵仲景，精于《伤寒》《金匮》，喜用经方、小剂。每能救危难、起沉疴而得心应手。如曾治一李氏患者，因患二尖瓣狭窄，于西医医院实施二尖瓣分离术后，不久发生严重心力衰竭，虽经抢救脱险，但心衰仍不时发生。半年后转入山西省中医研究所附属医院。先请某医以生地15克、麦冬15克、天花粉15克、五味子15克、人参15克、当归9克、茯苓15克治之，服后约20多分钟，心悸气短加剧，咳喘不足一息，腹满浮肿更甚，乃急请李氏会诊，李云：“可予真武汤加减治之。”遂处方：附子0．3克，白芍0．6克，茯苓0．3克，人参O．3克，白术0．3克，杏仁0．3克。服药25分钟后，心悸气短咳喘即减轻，1小时后排尿1次，腹胀浮肿亦减，平卧睡眠数小时，至次日晨，亦可以自行翻身。遂照原方继服，3日后，竟能下床走路20余步，且云：“一年来未能步也。”全方药量总共不过3克，如此小量，竞能起沉疴于顷刻，救危难于既倒，医患均不明，遂求教其理。李曰：“此患阴阳大衰，又兼水肿，乃阳虚至极也，虚不受补，补其阳，则阴液易伤而烦躁倍加，补其阴则阳气难支，浮肿短气更甚。故治之宜小剂耳，取《内经》‘少火生气，壮火食气’之意也。”
李氏于疑难之症，尤重视辨其夹杂证情，尝言：“慢性病、危重病夹杂证多，急性病、轻微病夹杂证少……夹杂证中有表里夹杂、寒热夹杂、阴阳夹杂，有脏病兼腑、腑病兼脏，或数脏之病同见，数腑之疾共存，或数经之病同见，数络之疾共存……”曾有一长期慢性痢疾患者，虽经北京、天津、上海等大医院专家名医之手，皆未奏效，乃求治于李氏。李诊后曰：“此乃寒积不化，虽寒中夹热，但总属寒多热少，故治宜温中导滞。”处方：附子3克，党参4．5克，干姜4．5克，白术7．5克，木香4．5克，大黄3克，焦楂6克，山药9克。又嘱曰：“首日服1剂，停药6日，第7日再来诊。”3日后患者即来，言药无效，李曰：“待7日后。”第7日来诊，云：“大便已由一日十五六次，减为一日六七次。”李曰：“原法原方再服l剂。”再来诊云：“大便减为一日四五次。”李曰：“仍遵前方前法。”1月后而愈。求教其理，李曰：“我擅长治疗夹杂证。治疗之关键在于辨别夹杂的比例多少，夹杂多者，用药少了不可，．夹杂少者，用药多了也不可。另外还要注意脏腑之气的七日来复，此例取效者，即是也。”
李氏治病，用药非常精练，循规蹈矩，严于法度，从不用一味多余之药。常言：“用药如用兵，兵不在多而在精，开方用药，务求药证相投。”曾治一老妇，患腹泻久治不愈，其处方仅为白术6克，鸡内金6克。病人虑其用药过简，未必能效，姑照方服用，不料竟获奇效。又曾为一位高于治病，处方药只六味，药价仅值两角钱，患者秘书担心无效，要求重开贵重药，李曰：“大黄虽贱，用之得法，常能救人；人参虽贵，用之不当，常能害人。”而后患者遵方服药，一剂显效，二剂痊愈。秘书赞道：“药到病除，真不愧为名医!”
李氏不仅精于中医内科、妇科，而且对儿科、外科及老年病学方面亦研究颇深。其学术思想，主张熟读中医经典，兼及后世各家流派，加以融会而贯通之，并通过自己的临床实践以验证之。李氏对于经方，尤其研究精深，他喜用经方并善用经方，却又不泥于经方。在诊断上，他强调应按四诊八纲进行综合分析，尤其还重视腹诊，以及观察色脉喜恶，务求辨证精确；在治疗上，重视脾胃，认为难病多瘀，久病多瘀，善用活血祛瘀之法，用药配伍注重标本兼顾，寒热并用，攻补兼施，但攻而不猛，补而不滞，更强调用药力求精练。
李氏为人，平易近人，谦虚谨慎，严于律己，好学不倦，对病人一视同仁，热情接待，尤对劳动人民深为同情。1965年他一度居家养病，单位在其家门口挂出“李老有病，暂不接诊”的通知，一远道而来的农民患者，求医心切，上前敲门，当秘书出来劝阻时，李氏却振作精神下床，请患者进屋，立刻为其诊疗，令患者深为感动。事后他还对秘书说：“今后凡是病人找我，只要我有点精神，尽量不要拒绝他们，特别是农民，远道治病多不容易呀……”
李氏生前爱好书法艺术，闲暇以笔墨为乐事。曾书写诗句“献身要读润芝(毛泽东字)书，报国应行翔宇(周恩来字)路”、“但愿人皆寿，何妨我独劳”等为条幅，悬挂于壁，以勉励自己。
为了启迪后学，李氏集平生治学《伤寒论》之心得及临证经验，于1959年编著成《伤寒一百一十三方使用法》一书，并计划撰写一部以中医各科疾病及症名为纲，病、证、方、药为目的临床医师必备的工具书．笔记资料积累甚多，然终因诊务、政务繁忙，未及完稿而逝去，深可痛惜。
感冒 治感冒重在认证 用成方妙在加减 李老认为，经常感冒的情况很多，有的一遇风吹即感冒，有的一吃辣椒即感冒，有的一到月经期间即感冒，综其大要有以下几种类型：
1．营卫不调证：经常有胃脘不适的症状，出汗以后即感冒，鼻塞喷嚏，全身拘急不适，恶风，舌苔自，脉弦缓。治宜调和营卫，桂枝汤加减：
桂枝9克生白芍9克生姜3片大枣7个炙甘草4．5克
若经常大便干燥者，再加生白芍9克．大黄2克。
2．肠胃俱虚证：经常有胃脘冷痛或素有胃脘冷痛史，食欲较差，或遇冷或吃冷性饮食则胃脘冷痛或不适，冬天感冒尤多，遇冷、遇风尤易发病，发病后全身酸痛，微恶风寒，有或无明显鼻塞，指趾厥冷，脉沉细弦或沉细迟缓。治宜益气温阳解表，再造散加减：
黄芪10克党参10克 肉桂4．5克 附子4．5克细辛3克当归4．5克陈皮6克
3．气阴两虚证：面色和皮肤均比较白嫩，疲乏无力或无明显疲乏无力，不能劳累，有时头晕失眠，易哭，夏天感冒尤多，舌苔白，脉虚大滑或虚而缓。治宜补气养阴，补阴益气煎加减：
升麻6克柴胡6克 黄芪9～12克 党参4．5～9克白术6克 陈皮6克五味子6克生地9克山药9克
4．卫气不固证：经常容易出汗，汗出后怕风，遇风即全身酸痛，鼻塞流涕，疲乏无力，舌苔白，脉濡缓。治宜补气固卫，方用玉屏风散加味：
黄芪15克白术9克防风9克荆芥9克
或薯蓣丸1日2次，1次1丸。
5．三焦郁热，肺气不固证：经常有口苦口干，头晕头痛，大便干燥，小便黄，心烦，恶热，遇风则感冒，或头痛鼻塞，全身酸痛，或感冒后高热头晕，恶心呕吐，舌苔黄厚腻或黄，脉沉弦滑。治宜疏解三焦郁热，凉膈散加减：
黄芩6克栀子6克连翘6克枳壳6克薄荷4克大黄1．5克杏仁6克甘草3克
若心烦易怒者，宜大柴胡汤。
若小儿经常感冒，五心烦热，大便于，感冒后即发高热者，升降散加减：
僵蚕6～9克 蝉蜕6～9克 片姜黄6～9克 大黄1～3克苏叶3～6克
鼻流清涕者加防风3克。
6．肝郁血虚，肺气不固证：经常头晕头痛，心烦易怒，胸胁窜痛或胁下痞满，口苦口干，五心烦热，每至月经期间即感冒，感冒后症见头痛，全身酸痛，微有恶寒，脉弦细。治宜解郁疏肝，养血清热，逍遥散加减：
柴胡9克当归9克 白芍9克 白术9克 茯苓4．5克薄荷6克生姜3片炙甘草6克
小伤寒证治三法
小伤寒一病，首见于清代何廉臣之《通俗伤寒论》“伤寒本证篇”。小伤寒实乃冒寒、四时感冒、冒风、感寒、伤风、鼻感冒、鼻伤风、鼻粘膜炎等诸多疾病的俗称。山西民间也有叫作“风发”的。
李老认为其主证是喷嚏频作，时流清涕；副证为发热，恶风寒，鼻塞声重，咳嗽，舌如平人，苔白薄而润。其病因为偶感风寒，诊断的重点在于鼻部，发热恶风寒的症状很轻，有的就不发热，但也有发热恶风寒较甚的，这是轻重的关系，不必有所顾虑。与本病的鉴别只须注意麻疹，因为麻疹初起也有打喷嚏和咳嗽等症，但麻疹多发于儿童，且发热较重。
虽然《通俗伤寒论》认为本病因感冒风寒所致，但验之于临床，本病属于风热者较多，在治疗上要分别表寒、表热(即风寒、风热)。风寒者，恶寒比较重，且不喜欢冷性饮食；风热者，恶寒较轻，必有喜欢冷性饮食的现象。虽在寒热疑似之间，辛温药也不宜过用，李老认为用一次就可以了。
李翰卿先生用治本病的方剂有三：
1．葱白香豉汤：此辛温疏散之剂，鼻塞声重、微恶风寒者最宜。
鲜葱白5枚(切碎) 淡豆豉9克鲜姜3克
用水碗半煎成1碗，去渣温服，覆被微汗出即愈。
忌酸冷油腻，避风，以防病去不净，或停食，或复感。
2．止嗽散：此辛温剂。兼咳嗽者最宜。
荆芥 白前 陈皮 桔梗 百部 甘草 紫菀
研末，每晚临睡时用姜葱汤送服6～9克，三两次即愈。(末药很难服，李老在临床常改用小剂煎服，其效也同。临证时斟酌用之可也。)
3．雷氏微辛轻解法：此辛凉剂，兼轻度咳嗽头痛者有效。(编者按：“雷氏微辛轻解法”出于清代雷丰之《时病论》，以法名方。)
苏梗4．5克薄荷梗3克牛蒡子4．5克桔梗4．5克瓜蒌壳6克橘红4．5克
水煎时间不可过久。在太原地区剂量可加大些。
《太平圣惠方》卷八“伤寒叙论”曾谆谆告诫：“凡人有小病，觉不如常，则须早疗，若隐忍不疗，冀望自瘥，须臾之间，以成痼疾。小儿女子，益以滋甚。若天行不和，当自戒勒，小有不安，便须救疗，寻其邪由，乃在腠理，阳散以时，鲜有不愈者。若患数日乃说，邪气入脏，则难可制，虽和缓之功，亦无能为也。”此论用于本病甚为恰当。李翰卿先生亦叮嘱医者云：对于本病不可因为它是小病就不及早治疗，或不避风寒，不注意饮食。须知小病是大病的根子，古人说过“伤风不解便成劳”，这说明肺病也会因这种小病造成。
Biography of the Physician
In early winter of 1970, at the First National Conference on Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine held in Beijing, a medical achievement from Shanxi Province struck the domestic and international medical communities like thunder from a clear sky. This was the successful research on "Non-surgical Treatment of Ectopic Pregnancy using Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine." Its astonishing feature lies in the fact that internal administration of Chinese herbal medicine alone could miraculously eliminate the space-occupying lesion of ectopic pregnancy, instantly turning a critical acute abdomen case from danger to safety, and rapidly restoring organ function. The success of this study pioneered the integrated treatment of acute abdominal diseases, rewrote the history that ectopic pregnancy required surgical intervention by Western medicine, opened a new chapter in the history of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in New China, and made ancient traditional Chinese medicine shine with youthful vigor again.
The main inventor of this achievement is precisely the protagonist of this biography—Mr. Li Hanqing, former director of the Shanxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine (now Shanxi Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine). He, together with Director Yu Zaiji of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical College (now Shanxi Medical University), formed the "Scientific Research Group for Non-surgical Therapy of Ectopic Pregnancy" and jointly completed this research. During the conference, the group received a cordial audience with Premier Zhou Enlai. This achievement was subsequently awarded titles such as "Top Ten Medical Scientific Research Achievements in China," "Ministry of Health Scientific Research Invention Award," and "First Prize for Major Contribution to the National Science Conference (1978)." The Ectopic Pregnancy Formula No. 1 and Ectopic Pregnancy Formula No. 2, as symbols of this achievement, were also successively recorded in various pharmacological dictionaries and textbooks...
Li Hanqing, courtesy name Huaxuan, also known as Xijin, was born in 1892 in Shangshapo Village, Lingqiu County, Shanxi Province. His maternal uncle, Zhang Yuxi, was a renowned Confucian physician in the locality. Li studied medicine and literature under his uncle from childhood. Through accumulation over time, coupled with diligence and hard work, he eventually mastered all his uncle's knowledge. By the age of fifteen, Li could treat common diseases. Although he later taught at a local primary school, whenever he had spare time, he treated patients, finding joy in healing and saving lives. His medical reputation gradually increased, and seekers of treatment filled his door. At twenty-seven, recommended by his county, he took an examination at the Shanxi Provincial Medical Training Institute (predecessor of Chuanzhi Medical College) and was admitted with the highest score. After three years of arduous study, he not only systematically studied the classics of Traditional Chinese Medicine but also extensively explored the theories of various schools and sects throughout history. Graduating in 1922, he was invited to practice medicine at Fucheng Tang and Tiqian Tang in Taiyuan. At thirty-five, he started his independent practice in Bingzhou (Taiyuan). Due to his superb medical skills, patients came continuously, and his fame spread widely in the provincial capital. However, what was more praised was his attitude: he treated patients like relatives and friends. If he encountered poor people, not only did he waive consultation fees, but he often subsidized their medication costs. There was a patient surnamed Chen who suffered from illness but was too poor to seek medical care. Hearing of Li's reputation, he went to seek treatment. Indeed, Li not only provided full treatment but also charged nothing for consultation or medication until Chen recovered. After liberation, when Chen was already old, he still told others about this incident. Because of his exquisite medical skills and noble medical ethics, Li enjoyed high prestige among the masses, was hailed as one of the Four Famous Physicians of Shanxi, and was deeply loved by colleagues in the TCM community, being publicly elected as an executive committee member of the Taiyuan State Medicine Association.
After the liberation of Taiyuan, Li felt reborn. Determined to serve New China with his medical skills, he voluntarily donated his珍藏 for many years of the "Wan You Wen Ku" (Library of Everything), totaling 1,942 volumes, to the state, receiving high praise from the Shanxi Provincial People's Government. He worked diligently and studied hard, joining the Communist Party of China in 1956. He served successively as Medical Director, Vice President, and Director at the Shanxi Provincial Federation of Trade Unions Staff Hospital, the Second Hospital of Taiyuan Workers' Sanatorium, and the Shanxi Provincial Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine. His main social concurrent positions included: Deputy Chairman of the Shanxi Provincial Pharmaceutical Science Research Committee, President of the Taiyuan TCM Research Association, Vice Chairman of the Shanxi Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, Representative to the First, Second, and Third Shanxi Provincial People's Congresses, and Standing Committee Member and Member of the Second and Third Sessions of the Shanxi Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He passed away due to illness in 1972 at the age of eighty.
Li's scholarly approach was based on the four major classics: *Neijing* (Inner Canon), *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage), *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet), and *Shennong Bencao Jing* (Divine Farmer's Materia Medica). In treating diseases, he especially followed Zhang Zhongjing, mastering *Shanghan Lun* and *Jingui Yaolue*, and preferring classical formulas (Jingfang) and small doses. He could often save those in danger and cure chronic ailments with ease. For example, he once treated a patient named Li who suffered from mitral stenosis. After undergoing mitral valvulotomy in a Western hospital, severe heart failure occurred shortly thereafter. Although rescued from danger, heart failure recurred occasionally. Half a year later, the patient was transferred to the affiliated hospital of the Shanxi Provincial Institute of TCM. Previously, another doctor prescribed Shengdi Huang (Rehmanniae Radix) 15g, Maidong (Ophiopogonis Radix) 15g, Tianhuafen (Trichosanthis Radix) 15g, Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) 15g, Renshen (Ginseng Radix) 15g, Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) 9g, and Fuling (Poria) 15g. About 20 minutes after taking the medicine, palpitations, shortness of breath worsened, coughing and wheezing became insufficient for one breath, and abdominal distension and edema intensified. Li was urgently consulted. Li said, "You can use Zhenwu Tang (True Warrior Decoction) with modifications." Thus, he prescribed: Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) 0.3g, Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) 0.6g, Fuling (Poria) 0.3g, Renshen (Ginseng Radix) 0.3g, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) 0.3g, and Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum) 0.3g. Twenty-five minutes after taking the medicine, palpitations, shortness of breath, and wheezing subsided. One hour later, the patient urinated once, and abdominal distension and edema decreased. After lying flat and sleeping for several hours, the patient could turn over independently by the next morning. Continuing with the original prescription, after 3 days, the patient could get out of bed and walk more than 20 steps, saying, "I haven't been able to walk for a year." The total amount of herbs in the formula was no more than 3 grams. Such a small dose could cure a chronic ailment instantly and save a critical patient, leaving both doctor and patient puzzled, so they sought the reasoning. Li said, "This patient suffers from severe deficiency of Yin and Yang, accompanied by edema, which is extreme Yang deficiency. Deficiency cannot tolerate tonification. Tonifying Yang easily damages Yin fluids, causing increased irritability; tonifying Yin makes it difficult for Yang Qi to support, worsening edema and shortness of breath. Therefore, treatment should use small doses, taking the meaning from *Neijing*: 'Lesser Fire generates Qi, Greater Fire consumes Qi.'"
Regarding difficult and complicated cases, Li particularly valued distinguishing mixed syndromes, often saying, "Chronic and critical diseases have many mixed syndromes, while acute and mild diseases have few... Mixed syndromes include exterior-interior mixing, cold-heat mixing, Yin-Yang mixing; there are Zang diseases accompanying Fu diseases, Fu diseases accompanying Zang diseases, or multiple Zang diseases appearing simultaneously, multiple Fu diseases coexisting, or multiple Meridian diseases appearing simultaneously, multiple Collateral diseases coexisting..." Once, a patient with long-term chronic dysentery had not responded to treatments by experts and famous doctors in large hospitals in Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai, so he sought treatment from Li. After diagnosis, Li said, "This is stagnation of cold that has not transformed. Although there is heat mixed within the cold, overall it is mostly cold with little heat. Therefore, treatment should warm the middle and guide out stagnation." Prescription: Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) 3g, Dangshen (Codonopsis Radix) 4.5g, Ganjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma) 4.5g, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) 7.5g, Muxiang (Aucklandiae Radix) 4.5g, Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) 3g, Jiaozha (Carbo Vegetabilis) 6g, and Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) 9g. He instructed, "Take 1 dose on the first day, stop medication for 6 days, and return for consultation on the 7th day." Three days later, the patient returned, saying the medicine was ineffective. Li said, "Wait until the 7th day." On the 7th day, the patient reported, "Bowel movements have reduced from 15-16 times a day to 6-7 times a day." Li said, "Continue with the original method and prescription for 1 dose." Upon returning again, the patient said, "Bowel movements reduced to 4-5 times a day." Li said, "Still follow the previous prescription and method." After 1 month, the patient recovered. When asked for the reasoning, Li said, "I am skilled in treating mixed syndromes. The key to treatment lies in distinguishing the proportion of mixing. If mixing is extensive, using too little medicine is unacceptable; if mixing is slight, using too much medicine is also unacceptable. Additionally, one must pay attention to the seven-day cycle of recovery of Zang-Fu Qi. This case's effectiveness is exactly due to this."
Li's medication was very refined, following rules and regulations, strict in methodology, never using a single unnecessary herb. He often said, "Using medicine is like using soldiers; the number of soldiers does not matter, but their quality does. When prescribing, one must ensure the medicine matches the syndrome." He once treated an elderly woman suffering from chronic diarrhea that had not healed despite prolonged treatment. His prescription consisted only of Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) 6g and Jineijin (Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum) 6g. The patient worried that the prescription was too simple and might not be effective, but she took it anyway, unexpectedly achieving a miraculous effect. He once treated a person surnamed Gao, prescribing only six herbs costing only two jiao. The patient's secretary worried it would be ineffective and requested expensive medicines. Li said, "Although Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) is cheap, used correctly, it can often save lives; although Renshen (Ginseng Radix) is expensive, used incorrectly, it can often harm people." Subsequently, the patient followed the prescription, showing significant improvement after one dose and complete recovery after two doses. The secretary praised, "Medicine arrives, disease removes; truly worthy of being called a famous physician!"
Li was not only proficient in Internal Medicine and Gynecology but also conducted deep research in Pediatrics, Surgery, and Geriatrics. His academic thought advocated reading TCM classics thoroughly, incorporating subsequent schools and sects, integrating them, and verifying them through clinical practice. Li had particularly profound research on classical formulas (Jingfang); he liked to use and skillfully applied classical formulas without being bound by them. In diagnosis, he emphasized comprehensive analysis according to the Four Diagnostic Methods and Eight Principles, particularly valuing abdominal palpation and observing color and pulse preferences, striving for precise syndrome differentiation. In treatment, he valued the Spleen and Stomach, believing that difficult diseases often involve blood stasis and chronic diseases often involve blood stasis. He skillfully used methods to invigorate blood and remove stasis. In herb compatibility, he focused on addressing both root and branch, combining cold and heat, and applying attack and tonification simultaneously, but attacking without being fierce and tonifying without causing stagnation, further emphasizing the refinement of medication.
Li was approachable, modest, cautious, strict with himself, eager to learn, treated all patients equally, received them warmly, and sympathized deeply with working people. In 1965, he stayed home to recuperate due to illness. The unit hung a notice at his door saying "Old Li is ill, temporarily not accepting patients." A farmer patient coming from afar, eager for medical help, knocked on the door. When the secretary came out to dissuade him, Li summoned his strength, got out of bed, invited the patient inside, and immediately diagnosed and treated him, deeply moving the patient. Afterwards, he told his secretary, "From now on, whenever patients come to me, as long as I have some energy, try not to refuse them, especially farmers; it is not easy for them to travel far for treatment..."
Li loved calligraphy art in his lifetime and enjoyed writing as a leisure activity. He wrote couplets such as "To dedicate oneself, one must read Runzhi's (Mao Zedong's courtesy name) books; to serve the country, one should walk Xiangyu's (Zhou Enlai's courtesy name) path" and "May everyone live long, why not I toil alone," hanging them on the wall to encourage himself.
To inspire future students, Li collected his lifelong insights and clinical experience in studying *Shanghan Lun* and compiled the book *Usage Methods of 113 Formulas in Shanghan Lun* in 1959. He planned to write a tool book essential for clinicians, with TCM diseases and symptoms as the outline, and disease, syndrome, formula, and herb as the content. He accumulated many notes and materials, but unfortunately, due to busy clinical and administrative duties, he passed away before completing the manuscript, which was deeply regrettable.
Common Cold: Treating Common Cold Focuses on Syndrome Differentiation; Using Established Formulas Lies in Modifications. Old Li believed that frequent occurrences of common cold are common. Some catch cold upon exposure to wind, some upon eating chili peppers, and some during menstruation. Generally, there are the following types:
1. Disharmony of Ying and Wei Syndromes: Frequent epigastric discomfort, catching cold after sweating, nasal congestion, sneezing, whole-body stiffness and discomfort, aversion to wind, white tongue coating, wiry and moderate pulse. Treatment should harmonize Ying and Wei. Gui Zhi Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction) with modifications:
Gui Zhi (Cinnamomi Ramulus) 9g, Sheng Baishao (Raw Paeoniae Radix Alba) 9g, Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) 3 slices, Dazao (Jujubae Fructus) 7 pieces, Zhi Gancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 4.5g.
If constipation is frequent, add Sheng Baishao (Raw Paeoniae Radix Alba) 9g and Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) 2g.
2. Deficiency of Both Stomach and Intestines Syndromes: Frequent cold pain in the epigastrium or history of cold pain in the epigastrium, poor appetite, or cold pain/discomfort in the epigastrium when exposed to cold or eating cold foods, frequent colds in winter, prone to onset when exposed to cold or wind, body aches after onset, slight aversion to wind and cold, with or without obvious nasal congestion, cold fingers and toes, deep, fine, wiry, or deep, fine, and slow pulse. Treatment should benefit Qi, warm Yang, and release the exterior. Zai Zao San (Reconstructive Powder) with modifications:
Huangqi (Astragali Radix) 10g, Dangshen (Codonopsis Radix) 10g, Rougui (Cinnamomi Cortex) 4.5g, Fuzi (Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata) 4.5g, Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma) 3g, Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) 4.5g, Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) 6g.
3. Qi and Yin Dual Deficiency Syndromes: Complexion and skin are relatively fair and tender, fatigue and weakness or no obvious fatigue and weakness, inability to endure labor, occasional dizziness and insomnia, tendency to cry, frequent colds in summer, white tongue coating, deficient, large, slippery, or deficient and moderate pulse. Treatment should tonify Qi and nourish Yin. Bu Yin Yi Qi Jian (Decoction for Tonifying Yin and Benefiting Qi) with modifications:
Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) 6g, Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) 6g, Huangqi (Astragali Radix) 9-12g, Dangshen (Codonopsis Radix) 4.5-9g, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) 6g, Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium) 6g, Wuweizi (Schisandrae Fructus) 6g, Shengdi (Rehmanniae Radix) 9g, Shanyao (Dioscoreae Rhizoma) 9g.
4. Unconsolidated Defensive Qi Syndromes: Prone to sweating, fear of wind after sweating, whole-body aches upon exposure to wind, nasal congestion with runny nose, fatigue and weakness, white tongue coating, soggy and moderate pulse. Treatment should tonify Qi and consolidate Defense. Use Yu Ping Feng San (Jade Windscreen Powder) with additions:
Huangqi (Astragali Radix) 15g, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) 9g, Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) 9g, Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica) 9g.
Or Shuyu Wan (Dioscorea Pill), twice daily, one pill each time.
5. Depressed Heat in Triple Burner and Unconsolidated Lung Qi Syndromes: Frequent bitter taste and dry mouth, dizziness and headache, dry stool, yellow urine, irritability, aversion to heat, catching cold upon exposure to wind, or headache and nasal congestion, whole-body aches, or high fever, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting after catching cold, thick greasy yellow or yellow tongue coating, deep, wiry, and slippery pulse. Treatment should dissipate depressed heat in the Triple Burner. Liang Ge San (Cooling the Diaphragm Powder) with modifications:
Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) 6g, Zhizi (Gardeniae Fructus) 6g, Lianqiao (Forsythiae Fructus) 6g, Zhike (Aurantii Fructus Immaturus) 6g, Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) 4g, Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) 1.5g, Xingren (Armeniacae Semen Amarum) 6g, Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 3g.
If irritable and angry, Da Chai Hu Tang (Major Bupleurum Decoction) is suitable.
If children frequently catch cold, with five-palm heat, dry stool, and high fever after catching cold, Sheng Jiang San (Ascending and Descending Powder) with modifications:
Jiangcan (Bombyx Batryticatus) 6-9g, Chantui (Cicadae Periostracum) 6-9g, Pian Jianghuang (Curcumae Longae Rhizoma) 6-9g, Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizoma) 1-3g, Ziye (Perillae Folium) 3-6g.
Add Fangfeng (Saposhnikoviae Radix) 3g if clear nasal discharge flows.
6. Liver Depression and Blood Deficiency with Unconsolidated Lung Qi Syndromes: Frequent dizziness and headache, irritability and anger, wandering pain in chest and hypochondrium or fullness under the ribs, bitter taste and dry mouth, five-palm heat, catching cold during menstruation, headache and whole-body aches, slight aversion to cold after catching cold, wiry and fine pulse. Treatment should relieve depression, soothe the Liver, nourish Blood, and clear Heat. Xiao Yao San (Free and Easy Wanderer Powder) with modifications:
Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) 9g, Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix) 9g, Baishao (Paeoniae Radix Alba) 9g, Baizhu (Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma) 9g, Fuling (Poria) 4.5g, Bohe (Menthae Haplocalycis Herba) 6g, Shengjiang (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) 3 slices, Zhi Gancao (Prepared Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) 6g.
Three Methods for Treating Minor Shanghan Syndrome
Minor Shanghan Syndrome first appeared in He Lianchen's *Tongsu Shanghan Lun* (Popular Treatise on Cold Damage) "Chapter on Primary Symptoms of Shanghan." Minor Shanghan is actually a colloquial term for many diseases such as catching cold, seasonal colds, catching wind, feeling cold, wind-cold, nasal cold, nasal wind, and nasal mucositis. In Shanxi folklore, it is also called "Wind Fever."
Old Li believed its main symptom is frequent sneezing and occasional clear nasal discharge; secondary symptoms include fever, aversion to wind and cold, heavy nasal voice, cough, normal tongue appearance, thin white moist tongue coating. Its cause is occasional exposure to wind-cold. The focus of diagnosis is on the nose. Symptoms of fever and aversion to wind/cold are very mild; some do not even have fever, but some have severe fever and aversion to wind/cold. This is a matter of severity, and there is no need to worry. Differential diagnosis with this disease only needs to note measles, because measles initially also presents with sneezing and coughing, but measles occurs mostly in children and has heavier fever.
Although *Tongsu Shanghan Lun* believes this disease is caused by catching wind-cold, clinical verification shows that this disease belongs more to wind-heat. In treatment, one must distinguish between Exterior Cold and Exterior Heat (i.e., Wind-Cold and Wind-Heat). Those with Wind-Cold have heavier aversion to cold and dislike cold foods; those with Wind-Heat have lighter aversion to cold and must like cold foods. Even when cold and heat are ambiguous, acrid-warm medicines should not be overused. Old Li believed using them once is sufficient.
Mr. Li Hanqing used three formulas to treat this disease:
1. Cong Bai Xiang Chi Tang (Green Onion White and Fermented Soybean Decoction): This is an acrid-warm dispersing agent, most suitable for nasal congestion, heavy nasal voice, and slight aversion to wind and cold.
Fresh Green Onion White (Allii Fistulosi Bulbus) 5 pieces (chopped), Dan Dou Chi (Sojae Seminis Preparatum) 9g, Fresh Ginger (Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens) 3g.
Boil half a bowl of water into one bowl, remove dregs, take warm, cover with blanket until slight sweat appears, then recover.
Avoid sour, cold, and greasy foods, avoid wind, to prevent incomplete recovery, food stagnation, or reinfection.
2. Zhi Sou San (Cough-Stopping Powder): This is an acrid-warm agent. Most suitable for those with cough.
Jingjie (Schizonepetae Spica), Baiqian (Polygalae Radix), Chenpi (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium), Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix), Buba (Stemonae Radix), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Ziwan (Asternis Radix).
Grind into powder, take 6-9g with Ginger and Scallion Soup every night before sleep, recover in 2-3 doses. (Powdered medicine is hard to take; Old Li often changed to small-dose decoction in clinical practice, with similar efficacy. Use discretion in clinical settings.)
3. Lei Shi Wei Xin Qing Jie Fa (Lei's Mild Acrid Light Resolution Method): This is an acrid-cool agent, effective for mild cough and headache. (Editor's Note: "Lei Shi Wei Xin Qing Jie Fa" comes from Lei Feng's *Shi Bing Lun* (Discussion on Seasonal Diseases), named after the method.)
Su Geng (Perillae Caulis) 4.5g, Bohe Geng (Menthae Caulis) 3g, Niubangzi (Arctii Fructus) 4.5g, Jiegeng (Platycodonis Radix) 4.5g, Gualou Qiao (Trichosanthis Pericarpium) 6g, Juhong (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Rubrum) 4.5g.
Do not boil water for too long. Dosage can be increased in the Taiyuan area.
Volume 8 of *Taiping Shenghui Fang* (Imperial Grace Formulas of Great Peace) "Introduction to Shanghan" earnestly warned: "Whenever a person has a minor illness and feels unlike usual, one must treat it early. If one endures it without treatment, hoping for spontaneous recovery, in a moment, it becomes a stubborn disease. For children and women, it exacerbates further. If epidemic qi is disordered, one should guard oneself; if slightly uncomfortable, one must rescue and treat, seeking the source of evil, which lies in the interstices. If Yang disperses in time, few do not recover. If one waits several days to speak, evil qi enters the Zang organs, making it difficult to control; even with the skill of He Huan, it is powerless." This argument is very appropriate for this disease. Mr. Li Hanqing also instructed physicians: Do not fail to treat early or avoid wind/cold or neglect diet just because it is a minor illness. Know that minor illnesses are the roots of major illnesses. Ancients said, "Uncured wind-cold becomes consumption," indicating that lung diseases can also be caused by such minor illnesses.