经曰∶五脏六腑皆令人咳，非独肺也。可知心肝脾肾四经，各有咳嗽之症，不过假途于肺耳。
只此二语，度尽金针。后人不明此义，一遇咳嗽，不辨其所以致咳之由，但从肺治，又安怪其效者
少，而不效者多耶！兹将肺脏之咳，详列于前；心肝脾肾之咳，条载于后；庶几辨证则了然无疑，
施治则知所措手矣。
肺热而咳，上焦微喘，肌表漫热，口燥咽干者，玉环煎主之。
玉环煎（自制）
玉竹（四钱） 羚羊角（一钱五分） 沙参（四钱） 麦冬（二钱） 石斛（三钱） 贝母
（二钱） 蒌皮（三钱） 蛤粉（四钱） 梨汁（半杯冲服）
肺寒而咳，乃水邪射肺，水冷金寒，咳吐痰沫，胸脘作懑，肌肤懔冽者，姜桂二陈汤主之。
姜桂二陈汤（自制）
炮姜（五分） 桂枝（五分） 橘红（一钱） 半夏（一钱） 葶苈子（二钱）
当归（一钱五分） 茯苓（二钱） 白术（一钱） 苏子（一钱五分） 杏仁（三钱） 苡
仁（一两煎汤代水）
肺虚而咳，肌表微热，神倦气短，不时火升，失血咽痛者，保肺济生丹主之。
保肺济生丹（自制）
天冬（一钱五分） 麦冬（一钱五分） 人参（一钱） 沙参（四钱） 五味（五分）
玉竹（三钱） 女贞子（二钱） 茯苓（二钱） 山药（三钱） 贝母（二钱） 茜草根（二钱
）杏仁（三钱） 藕（三两切片煎汤代水）
虚之甚者，火升体羸，咳嗽失血，咽破失音，此为碎金不鸣，症极危险，金水济生丹主之。
金水济生丹（自制）
天冬（一钱五分） 麦冬（一钱五分） 生地（五钱切） 人参（一钱） 沙参（四钱）
龟版（八钱） 玉竹（三钱） 石斛（三钱） 茜草根（二钱） 蒌皮（三钱） 山药（三钱）
贝母（二钱） 杏仁（三钱） 淡竹叶（十张） 鸡子清（一个） 藕（三两煎汤代水）
肺实而咳，胸脘喘满，时吐稠痰，降气和中汤主之。
降气和中汤（自制）
苏子（一钱五分） 沉香（五分） 海石（三钱） 蒌仁（四钱） 莱菔子（二钱）
芥子（一钱） 橘红（一钱） 半夏（一钱） 桑皮（二钱） 贝母（二钱）
杏仁（三钱） 姜汁（两小匙冲服）
实之甚者，痰气闭结，语音不出，此为塞金不鸣，金牛汤主之。
金牛汤（自制）
郁金（二钱） 牛蒡子（三钱炒研） 芥子（一钱） 陈麻黄（四分蜜水炙） 栝蒌皮（三
钱） 苏子（一钱五分） 沉香（五分） 贝母（二钱） 杏仁（三钱） 橘红（一钱）
半夏（一钱） 桑皮（二钱） 枇杷叶（二张刷去毛蜜炙）
嗜酒太过，伤肺而咳者，加减葛花汤主之。
加减葛花汤（自制）
葛花（二钱） 鸡 子（三钱） 花粉（二钱） 石斛（三钱） 沙参（四钱）
麦冬（一钱五分） 茯苓（二钱） 苡仁（四钱） 橘红（二钱） 贝母（二钱） 杏仁（二钱）
橄榄（二枚打碎陈者亦可用）
风痰入肺，久经吼咳者，鹅梨汤主之。
鹅梨汤（自制）
鹅管石（五分 研） 陈麻黄（五分蜜炙） 当归（一钱五分） 苏子（一钱五分） 茯苓
（二钱） 蒌仁（四钱） 桑叶（一钱） 橘红（一钱） 半夏（一钱） 贝母（二钱）
杏仁（三钱） 梨汁（两大匙冲服） 姜汁（两小匙冲服）
肺气壅塞，致成肺痈，咳吐脓痰，气甚腥秽者，石花汤主之。
石花汤（自制）
白石英（三钱 研） 合欢花（二钱） 鲜百部（四钱） 沙参（四钱） 麦冬（一钱五分）
贝母（二钱） 桑皮（二钱） 苏子（一钱五分） 杏仁（三钱） 茯苓（二钱） 苡仁（四
钱） 淡竹叶（十张） 金丝荷叶（二张去背上白皮）
肺叶痿败，喘咳夹红者，白胶汤主之。
白胶汤（自制）
嫩白芨（四钱研末） 陈阿胶（二钱） 冲汤调服。
心经之咳，痰少心烦，夜不成寐，玄妙散主之。
玄妙散（自制）
玄参（一钱五分） 丹参（三钱） 沙参（四钱） 茯神（二钱） 柏仁（二钱） 桔梗（一
钱） 麦冬（一钱五分朱砂拌） 贝母（二钱） 杏仁（三钱） 夜合花（二钱） 淡竹叶（十
张） 灯芯（三尺）
肝经之咳，痰少胁痛，易怒头眩，丹青饮主之。
丹青饮（自制）
赭石（三钱） 麦冬（一钱五分青黛拌） 杭菊（二钱） 石斛（三钱） 潼蒺藜（三钱）
白蒺藜（三钱） 沙参（四钱） 桑叶（一钱） 橘红（一钱） 贝母（二钱） 杏仁（三钱） 旋复花（一钱绢包）
脾经之咳，胸懑痰稠，食少体倦，术米汤主之。
术米汤（自制）
当归（一钱五分） 白术（一钱五分） 茯苓（三钱） 苡米（八钱） 半夏（一钱五分）
橘红（一钱） 莱菔子（二钱） 海石（三钱） 杏仁（三钱） 蒌仁（四钱） 姜汁（两小匙冲服）
肾经之咳，或呛或喘，痰味咸而有黑花者，山虎汤主之。
山虎汤（自制）
蛤蚧尾（一对酒洗） 生地（四钱切片蛤粉炒） 麦冬（一钱五分） 破故纸（一钱五分核桃
肉拌炒） 人参（二钱） 沙参（四钱） 沉香（五分） 茯苓（二钱） 山药（三钱） 贝母（二钱） 杏仁（
三钱） 人乳（半杯冲服） 姜汁（两滴冲服）
The *Classic of Internal Medicine* states: "All five zang organs and six fu organs can cause cough; it is not solely the lung." This indicates that the heart, liver, spleen, and kidney meridians each have their own symptoms of cough, which merely pass through the lung.
These two sentences exhaust the golden needle (key principles) of diagnosis. Later generations did not understand this principle. Whenever they encountered a cough, without distinguishing the cause of the cough, they only treated from the perspective of the lung. How could one blame them for having few effective cases and many ineffective ones! Here, the coughs originating from the lung are detailed first; the coughs from the heart, liver, spleen, and kidney are listed subsequently; thus, when differentiating syndromes, one will be clear and doubtless, and when applying treatment, one will know how to proceed.
For cough due to Lung Heat, with slight panting in the upper jiao, diffuse heat on the body surface, dry mouth and throat, *Yuhuan Jian* (Jade Ring Decoction) is the primary formula.
*Yuhuan Jian* (Self-made Formula)
*Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma* (Yuzhu, 4 qian), *Saiga Tataricae Cornu* (Lingyangjiao, 1.5 qian), *Glehniae Radix* (Shashen, 4 qian), *Ophiopogonis Radix* (Maidong, 2 qian), *Dendrobii Caulis* (Shihu, 3 qian), *Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus* (Beimu, 2 qian), *Trichosanthis Pericarpium* (Loupi, 3 qian), *Concha Meretricis et Cyclinae* (Ge Fen, 4 qian), *Pyrus Sinkiangensis Fruit Juice* (Lizhi, half cup, taken by mixing).
For cough due to Lung Cold, where water pathogen shoots into the lung, causing cold water and cold metal (lung), with coughing up frothy sputum, chest and epigastrium fullness and oppression, and chills on the skin, *Jianggui Erchen Tang* (Ginger and Cinnamon Twig Erchen Decoction) is the primary formula.
*Jianggui Erchen Tang* (Self-made Formula)
*Zingiberis Preparata Radix* (Paojiang, 0.5 fen), *Cinnamomi Ramulus* (Guizhi, 0.5 fen), *Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride* (Juhong, 1 qian), *Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum* (Banxia, 1 qian), *Descurainiae Semen seu Lepidii Semen* (Tinglizi, 2 qian), *Angelicae Sinensis Radix* (Danggui, 1.5 qian), *Poria* (Fuling, 2 qian), *Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma* (Baizhu, 1 qian), *Perillae Fructus* (Suzi, 1.5 qian), *Armeniacae Semen Amarum* (Xingren, 3 qian), *Coicis Semen* (Yiren, 1 liang, decocted as water substitute).
For cough due to Lung Deficiency, with slight heat on the body surface, mental fatigue and shortness of breath, frequent rising of fire, hemoptysis, and sore throat, *Baofei Jisheng Dan* (Lung-Protecting Life-Nourishing Pill) is the primary formula.
*Baofei Jisheng Dan* (Self-made Formula)
*Asparagi Radix* (Tiandong, 1.5 qian), *Ophiopogonis Radix* (Maidong, 1.5 qian), *Ginseng Radix* (Renshen, 1 qian), *Glehniae Radix* (Shashen, 4 qian), *Schisandrae Fructus* (Wuweizi, 0.5 fen), *Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma* (Yuzhu, 3 qian), *Ligustri Lucidi Fructus* (Nvzhenzi, 2 qian), *Poria* (Fuling, 2 qian), *Dioscoreae Rhizoma* (Shanyao, 3 qian), *Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus* (Beimu, 2 qian), *Rubia Cordifolia Radix et Rhizoma* (Qiancaogen, 2 qian), *Armeniacae Semen Amarum* (Xingren, 3 qian), *Nelumbinis Rhizoma* (Ou, 3 liang sliced, decocted as water substitute).
In severe deficiency, with rising fire and emaciation, cough with hemoptysis, broken throat and loss of voice, this is called "Broken Metal Cannot Ring," a very dangerous condition. *Jinshui Jisheng Dan* (Metal-Water Life-Nourishing Pill) is the primary formula.
*Jinshui Jisheng Dan* (Self-made Formula)
*Asparagi Radix* (Tiandong, 1.5 qian), *Ophiopogonis Radix* (Maidong, 1.5 qian), *Rehmanniae Radix* (Shengdi, 5 qian cut), *Ginseng Radix* (Renshen, 1 qian), *Glehniae Radix* (Shashen, 4 qian), *Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum* (Guiban, 8 qian), *Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma* (Yuzhu, 3 qian), *Dendrobii Caulis* (Shihu, 3 qian), *Rubia Cordifolia Radix et Rhizoma* (Qiancaogen, 2 qian), *Trichosanthis Pericarpium* (Loupi, 3 qian), *Dioscoreae Rhizoma* (Shanyao, 3 qian), *Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus* (Beimu, 2 qian), *Armeniacae Semen Amarum* (Xingren, 3 qian), *Lophatheri Herba* (Dan Zhuye, 10 leaves), *Ovi Albumen* (Jiziqing, 1 unit), *Nelumbinis Rhizoma* (Ou, 3 liang, decocted as water substitute).
For cough due to Lung Excess, with chest and epigastric distension and panting, frequent expectoration of thick sputum, *Jiangqi Hezhong Tang* (Descend Qi and Harmonize Middle Decoction) is the primary formula.
*Jiangqi Hezhong Tang* (Self-made Formula)
*Perillae Fructus* (Suzi, 1.5 qian), *Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum* (Chenxiang, 0.5 fen), *Calcitum* (Haishi, 3 qian), *Trichosanthis Semen* (Gualouren, 4 qian), *Raphani Semen* (Laifuzi, 2 qian), *Sinapis Semen* (Jiezi, 1 qian), *Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride* (Juhong, 1 qian), *Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum* (Banxia, 1 qian), *Mori Cortex* (Sangpi, 2 qian), *Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus* (Beimu, 2 qian), *Armeniacae Semen Amarum* (Xingren, 3 qian), *Zingiberis Recensis Juice* (Jiangzhi, two small spoons, taken by mixing).
In severe excess, with phlegm and qi obstruction, inability to speak, this is called "Blocked Metal Cannot Ring." *Jinniu Tang* (Golden Ox Decoction) is the primary formula.
*Jinniu Tang* (Self-made Formula)
*Curcumae Radix* (Yujin, 2 qian), *Buddlejae Fructus* (Niubangzi, 3 qian stir-fried and ground), *Sinapis Semen* (Jiezi, 1 qian), *Ephedrae Herba* (Chen Mahuang, 0.4 fen honey-water processed), *Trichosanthis Pericarpium* (Gualoupi, 3 qian), *Perillae Fructus* (Suzi, 1.5 qian), *Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum* (Chenxiang, 0.5 fen), *Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus* (Beimu, 2 qian), *Armeniacae Semen Amarum* (Xingren, 3 qian), *Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride* (Juhong, 1 qian), *Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum* (Banxia, 1 qian), *Mori Cortex* (Sangpi, 2 qian), *Loquat Leaf* (Pipaye, 2 sheets, brushed clean of hairs, honey-processed).
For cough caused by excessive alcohol consumption damaging the lung, *Jiajian Gehua Tang* (Modified Ge Hua Decoction) is the primary formula.
*Jiajian Gehua Tang* (Self-made Formula)
*Vitis Viniferae Flos* (Gehua, 2 qian), *Galli Gigerii Endothelium Corneum* (Jineijin, 3 qian), *Trichosanthis Radix* (Huafen, 2 qian), *Dendrobii Caulis* (Shihu, 3 qian), *Glehniae Radix* (Shashen, 4 qian), *Ophiopogonis Radix* (Maidong, 1.5 qian), *Poria* (Fuling, 2 qian), *Coicis Semen* (Yiren, 4 qian), *Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride* (Juhong, 2 qian), *Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus* (Beimu, 2 qian), *Armeniacae Semen Amarum* (Xingren, 2 qian), *Olea Europaea Fructus* (Ganlan, 2 pieces crushed, aged ones may also be used).
For wind-phlegm entering the lung, with long-standing wheezing cough, *Elitang* (Goose Pear Decoction) is the primary formula.
*Elitang* (Self-made Formula)
*Ammoxylon Sibiricum Os* (Eguanshi, 0.5 fen ground), *Ephedrae Herba* (Chen Mahuang, 0.5 fen honey-processed), *Angelicae Sinensis Radix* (Danggui, 1.5 qian), *Perillae Fructus* (Suzi, 1.5 qian), *Poria* (Fuling, 2 qian), *Trichosanthis Semen* (Gualouren, 4 qian), *Mori Folium* (Sangye, 1 qian), *Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride* (Juhong, 1 qian), *Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum* (Banxia, 1 qian), *Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus* (Beimu, 2 qian), *Armeniacae Semen Amarum* (Xingren, 3 qian), *Pyrus Sinkiangensis Fruit Juice* (Lizhi, two large spoons, taken by mixing), *Zingiberis Recensis Juice* (Jiangzhi, two small spoons, taken by mixing).
For lung qi stagnation leading to Lung Abscess, with coughing up purulent sputum and foul-smelling breath, *Shihua Tang* (Stone Flower Decoction) is the primary formula.
*Shihua Tang* (Self-made Formula)
*Quartzum Album* (Bai Shiy ing, 3 qian ground), *Albiziae Cortex* (Hehuanhua, 2 qian), *Stemonae Radix* (Xian Baibu, 4 qian), *Glehniae Radix* (Shashen, 4 qian), *Ophiopogonis Radix* (Maidong, 1.5 qian), *Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus* (Beimu, 2 qian), *Mori Cortex* (Sangpi, 2 qian), *Perillae Fructus* (Suzi, 1.5 qian), *Armeniacae Semen Amarum* (Xingren, 3 qian), *Poria* (Fuling, 2 qian), *Coicis Semen* (Yiren, 4 qian), *Lophatheri Herba* (Dan Zhuye, 10 leaves), *Nelumbinis Nectarium* (Jinsi Heye, 2 sheets removing the white skin on the back).
For flaccidity and failure of lung lobes, with panting and cough mixed with blood, *Baijiao Tang* (White Gum Decoction) is the primary formula.
*Baijiao Tang* (Self-made Formula)
*Bletillae Rhizoma* (Nen Baiji, 4 qian ground into powder), *Colla Corii Asini* (Chen Ejiao, 2 qian), taken by mixing with the decoction.
For cough originating from the Heart Meridian, with little sputum, vexation, and insomnia at night, *Xuanmiao San* (Mysterious Wonder Powder) is the primary formula.
*Xuanmiao San* (Self-made Formula)
*Scrophulariae Radix* (Xuanshen, 1.5 qian), *Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix* (Danshen, 3 qian), *Glehniae Radix* (Shashen, 4 qian), *Poria Cum Radix Xyli* (Fushen, 2 qian), *Ziziphi Spinosae Semen* (Bairen, 2 qian), *Platycodonis Radix* (Jiegeng, 1 qian), *Ophiopogonis Radix* (Maidong, 1.5 qian mixed with Cinnabar), *Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus* (Beimu, 2 qian), *Armeniacae Semen Amarum* (Xingren, 3 qian), *Albiziae Flos* (Yehua, 2 qian), *Lophatheri Herba* (Dan Zhuye, 10 leaves), *Thyrsostachys Oliveri Stem* (Dengxin, 3 chi).
For cough originating from the Liver Meridian, with little sputum, hypochondriac pain, irritability, and dizziness, *Danzhi Yin* (Red and Blue Drink) is the primary formula.
*Danzhi Yin* (Self-made Formula)
*Haematitum* (Zhes hi, 3 qian), *Ophiopogonis Radix* (Maidong, 1.5 qian mixed with Indigo Naturalis), *Chrysanthemi Flos Hangzhou* (Hangju, 2 qian), *Dendrobii Caulis* (Shihu, 3 qian), *Tribuli Fructus Turcici* (Tongjili, 3 qian), *Tribuli Fructus* (Baijili, 3 qian), *Glehniae Radix* (Shashen, 4 qian), *Mori Folium* (Sangye, 1 qian), *Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride* (Juhong, 1 qian), *Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus* (Beimu, 2 qian), *Armeniacae Semen Amarum* (Xingren, 3 qian), *Inulae Flos* (Xuanfuhua, 1 qian wrapped in silk).
For cough originating from the Spleen Meridian, with chest oppression, thick sputum, poor appetite, and physical fatigue, *Zhumi Tang* (Atractylodes and Rice Decoction) is the primary formula.
*Zhumi Tang* (Self-made Formula)
*Angelicae Sinensis Radix* (Danggui, 1.5 qian), *Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma* (Baizhu, 1.5 qian), *Poria* (Fuling, 3 qian), *Coicis Semen* (Yimi, 8 qian), *Pinelliae Rhizoma Preparatum* (Banxia, 1.5 qian), *Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride* (Juhong, 1 qian), *Raphani Semen* (Laifuzi, 2 qian), *Calcitum* (Haishi, 3 qian), *Armeniacae Semen Amarum* (Xingren, 3 qian), *Trichosanthis Semen* (Gualouren, 4 qian), *Zingiberis Recensis Juice* (Jiangzhi, two small spoons, taken by mixing).
For cough originating from the Kidney Meridian, with spasmodic cough or panting, salty-tasting sputum with black specks, *Shanhutang* (Mountain Tiger Decoction) is the primary formula.
*Shanhutang* (Self-made Formula)
*Gecko Tail* (Gejie Wei, one pair washed with wine), *Rehmanniae Radix* (Shengdi, 4 qian sliced and stir-fried with Concha Meretricis et Cyclinae powder), *Ophiopogonis Radix* (Maidong, 1.5 qian), *Psoraleae Fructus* (Po Gu Zhi, 1.5 qian stir-fried with Walnut Meat), *Ginseng Radix* (Renshen, 2 qian), *Glehniae Radix* (Shashen, 4 qian), *Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum* (Chenxiang, 0.5 fen), *Poria* (Fuling, 2 qian), *Dioscoreae Rhizoma* (Shanyao, 3 qian), *Fritillariae Cirrhosae Bulbus* (Beimu, 2 qian), *Armeniacae Semen Amarum* (Xingren, 3 qian), *Human Milk* (Renru, half cup, taken by mixing), *Zingiberis Recensis Juice* (Jiangzhi, two drops, taken by mixing).