气平，味苦，阴中之阳。无毒。
《象》云∶治老癖症瘕结块，妇人血脉不调，心腹刺痛。须炮用。
《珍》云∶破积气，损真气，虚者勿用。
《液》云∶又治气胀，血脉不调，补五劳，通月经，消瘀血。色白，破血中之气。
气温，味苦、辛。无毒。
《象》云∶治心膈痛，饮食不消，破 癖气最良。炮用。
《本草》云∶治妇人血气，丈夫贲豚；治心腹痛，中恶，疰杵，鬼气，霍乱冷气，吐酸
水；解毒，饮食不消。酒研服。
《液》云∶色黑，破气中之血，入气药发诸香。虽为泄剂，亦能益气，故孙用和治气短
不能接续，所以大小七香丸、集香丸散及汤内，多用此也。
气寒，味大苦，气味俱浓，阴也。无毒。
《珍》云∶纯阴，酒浸上行。
《心》云∶除下焦之湿，及翳膜之湿。
《象》云∶治两目赤肿，睛胀，瘀肉高起，疼痛不可忍。以柴胡为主，治眼中疾必用之
药也。去芦。
气寒，味苦。味浓，阴也，无毒
《本草》云∶主消渴，身热，烦满大热，补虚安中，通月水。消肿毒瘀血，及热狂。
《心》云∶止渴，行津液。苦寒，与辛酸同用，导肿气。
《珍》云∶苦，纯阴。若心中枯渴者，非此不能除。
气微寒，味甘、酸。苦而酸，气味俱浓，阴也。
《本草》云∶主妇人乳产，七伤，带下，月水不止，血崩之疾。除恶血，止疼痛，肠风
泄血。
《象》云∶治小儿疳痢。性沉寒，入下焦，治热血痢。去芦。
《心》云∶去下焦之血。肠风下血及泻痢下血，须用之。
《珍》云∶阳中微阴，治下部血。
Qi is neutral, taste is bitter, belonging to yang within yin. Non-toxic.
*Yao Xiang* states: Treats old *pi* masses and *zhija* (masses) with nodules, irregular menstruation in women, and stabbing pain in the heart and abdomen. Must be processed before use.
*Yao Zhen* states: Breaks up stagnant Qi, damages true Qi; do not use for deficiency patterns.
*Yao Ye* states: Also treats Qi distension, irregular menstruation, tonifies the five deficiencies (*wulao*), unblocks menstruation, and resolves blood stasis. The white variety breaks Qi within blood.
Qi is warm, taste is bitter and acrid. Non-toxic.
*Yao Xiang* states: Treats pain in the heart and diaphragm, indigestion, and is most effective at breaking up *pi* Qi. Processed before use.
*Bencao* states: Treats blood and Qi disorders in women, and *ben tun* (fleeing tumor) in men; treats heart and abdominal pain, sudden evil invasion, chronic haunting illnesses, ghostly Qi, cold-type cholera, vomiting of sour fluid; detoxifies, treats indigestion. Take after grinding with wine.
*Yao Ye* states: The black variety breaks blood within Qi; when added to Qi-regulating medicines, it enhances the efficacy of various aromatic herbs. Although acting as a purgative, it can also benefit Qi. Therefore, when Sun Yonghe treated shortness of breath where Qi could not continue, he frequently used this herb in formulas such as Da Xiao Qi Xiang Wan, Ji Xiang Wan San, and decoctions.
Qi is cold, taste is greatly bitter, both Qi and taste are dense, belonging to Yin. Non-toxic.
*Yao Zhen* states: Pure Yin; soaking in wine allows it to ascend.
*Yao Xin* states: Clears dampness from the Lower Jiao and dampness causing ocular membranes.
*Yao Xiang* states: Treats redness and swelling of both eyes, distending pain of the eyeballs, protruding fleshy growths, and unbearable pain. Used primarily with Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix); it is an essential medicine for treating eye diseases. Remove the rhizome head.
Qi is cold, taste is bitter. Taste is dense, belonging to Yin, non-toxic.
*Bencao* states: Mainly treats thirst (*xiaoke*), body heat, vexation and fullness with great heat, tonifies deficiency and calms the Middle Jiao, unblocks menstruation. Reduces swelling toxins and blood stasis, and treats manic heat.
*Yao Xin* states: Stops thirst, promotes the movement of body fluids. Bitter and cold; when used with acrid and sour herbs, it guides the resolution of swelling Qi.
*Yao Zhen* states: Bitter, pure Yin. If there is dryness and thirst in the heart, only this herb can eliminate it.
Qi is slightly cold, taste is sweet and sour. Bitter and sour, both Qi and taste are dense, belonging to Yin.
*Bencao* states: Mainly treats postpartum disorders in women, seven injuries, leukorrhea, continuous menstruation, and hemorrhage. Expels bad blood, stops pain, treats intestinal wind bleeding.
*Yao Xiang* states: Treats pediatric malnutrition dysentery. Nature is sinking and cold, enters the Lower Jiao, treats bloody dysentery due to heat. Remove the rhizome head.
*Yao Xin* states: Removes blood pathology from the Lower Jiao. Essential for intestinal wind bleeding and dysentery with blood.
*Yao Zhen* states: Slightly Yin within Yang, treats blood disorders in the lower part of the body.