气热，味大辛，味薄气浓，阳也。辛，大温。无毒。
入手太阴经。
《珍》云∶主积冷气，散肺中滞气，宽膈，止吐逆，治反胃，消谷下气进食，去皮用。
《心》云∶专入肺经，去白睛翳膜。红者，不宜多用。
《本草》云∶主积聚冷气，止吐逆反胃，消谷下气。
《液》云∶入手太阴，别有清高之气，上焦元气不足，以此补之。
气温，味辛。苦、辛，温。无毒。
入手足太阴经。
《象》云∶破血治气，月水不调，小腹痛，暖腰膝，破症瘕。碎用。
《液》云∶治心气痛、小腹痛，有神。主破血，产后诸疾，因血为病者。妇人月水不调
，腹中结块，崩漏淋露，暴血上行，因损下血。
气平，味辛。无毒。
入手足少阴经，太阳经药。《象》云∶破一切臭气，调中止呕下食。炒黄色，碎用。
《本草》云∶主诸 、霍乱及蛇伤。又能治肾劳， 疝气，开胃下食。又治膀胱阴痛，
香港脚，少腹痛不可忍。
《液》云∶茴香本治膀胱药，以其先丙，故云小肠也，能润丙燥。以其先戊，故从丙至
壬。又手足少阴二药，以开上下经之通道，所以壬与丙交也。
气温，味辛。辛而甘温苦，阴中之阳。无毒。
《象》云∶治产后口噤血晕，腹内恶血不尽，绞痛。破留血，神效。搓碎用。
《心》云∶和血，与当归同用。
《珍》云∶入心养血。谓苦为阴中之阳，故入心。
《本草》云∶主产后血晕，胎死腹中，并酒煮服。亦主蛊毒下血。其苗，生捣敷游肿。
其子，吞数粒，主天行疮子不出。其胭脂，主小儿 耳，滴耳中。仲景治六十二种风，兼腹
中血气刺痛，用红花一大两，分为四分，酒一大升，煎强半，顿服之。
**White Cardamom (Baidoukou):**
The qi is hot, the flavor is greatly pungent. The flavor is thin but the qi is dense; it belongs to Yang. It is greatly warm. Non-toxic.
Enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian.
*Zhen Lun* (Essential Properties) states: It governs accumulated cold qi, disperses stagnant qi in the lungs, widens the chest and diaphragm, stops vomiting and reverse flow, treats retroflexion of the stomach (fanwei), promotes digestion, directs qi downward, and stimulates appetite. Use by removing the peel.
*Xin Fa* (Essence of Materia Medica) states: It specifically enters the Lung Meridian and removes nebulae on the white of the eye. The red variety should not be used in large amounts.
*Bencao* (Materia Medica) states: It governs accumulated cold qi, stops vomiting and reverse flow, promotes digestion, and directs qi downward.
*Ye* (Decoction Classic) states: It enters the Hand-Taiyin Meridian. It possesses a clear and lofty qi. When the Yuan Qi of the Upper Jiao is insufficient, this herb can be used to tonify it.
**Red Safflower (Honglanhua / Honghua):**
The qi is warm, the flavor is pungent. Bitter and pungent, warm. Non-toxic.
Enters the Hand and Foot Taiyin Spleen and Lung Meridians.
*Xiang* (Source of Medical Origins) states: It breaks blood and regulates qi, treats irregular menstruation, lower abdominal pain, warms the waist and knees, and breaks masses and accumulations (zhijia). Use by crushing.
*Ye* (Decoction Classic) states: It treats heart-qi pain and lower abdominal pain with divine efficacy. Its main function is to break blood, treating various postpartum diseases caused by blood disorders. For women with irregular menstruation, abdominal masses, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis (benglou), sudden upward bleeding, or lower bleeding due to injury.
**Fennel (Huixiang):**
The qi is neutral, the flavor is pungent. Non-toxic.
Enters the Hand and Foot Shaoyin Kidney Meridians; it is also a drug for the Taiyang Meridian.
*Xiang* (Source of Medical Origins) states: It breaks all foul odors, harmonizes the middle jiao, stops vomiting, and promotes food intake. Stir-fry until yellow and crush before use.
*Bencao* (Materia Medica) states: It governs various types of Huoluan (cholera-like syndrome) and snake bites. It can also treat Kidney labor (kenlao), hernia (shanqi), open the appetite, and direct food downward. It also treats painful conditions in the bladder and yin region, beriberi (xiangjiao), and unbearable lower abdominal pain.
*Ye* (Decoction Classic) states: Fennel is originally a drug for treating the Bladder. Because it corresponds first to Bing Fire, it is said to enter the Small Intestine and can moisten Bing dryness. Because it corresponds first to Wu Earth, it moves from Bing to Ren. As a drug for both Hand and Foot Shaoyin meridians, it opens the pathways between the upper and lower meridians, thus allowing Ren and Bing to interact.
**Red Safflower (Honglanhua / Honghua) - Continued:**
The qi is warm, the flavor is pungent. Pungent, sweet, warm, and bitter; it is Yang within Yin. Non-toxic.
*Xiang* (Source of Medical Origins) states: It treats postpartum lockjaw and blood fainting, incomplete expulsion of evil blood in the abdomen, and colic. It breaks retained blood with miraculous effect. Use by rubbing into pieces.
*Xin Fa* (Essence of Materia Medica) states: It harmonizes blood and is often used together with Danggui (Angelica Sinensis).
*Zhen Lun* (Essential Properties) states: It enters the Heart to nourish blood. It is considered that bitterness represents Yang within Yin, hence it enters the Heart.
*Bencao* (Materia Medica) states: It governs postpartum blood fainting and fetal death in the uterus, administered after decocting in wine. It also governs lower bleeding caused by gu poison. Its leaves, when crushed fresh, are applied externally to treat wandering swelling. Its seeds, when swallowed in small quantities, treat epidemic pustular eruptions that fail to erupt. Its crimson juice is used to treat pediatric ear ailments, instilled into the ear. Zhang Zhongjing treated sixty-two types of wind pathogens accompanied by stabbing pain in the abdomen due to blood and qi stagnation, using one da liang of Honghua, divided into four doses, decocted in one sheng of wine until half remains, taken in one dose.