气温，味辛。无毒。
《本草》云∶主肠虚水泻，心腹绞痛，霍乱，呕吐酸水。解酒毒。不宜多服，令人舌粗
不能饮食。
《液》云∶是高良姜子，用红豆蔻复用良姜，如用官桂复用桂花同意。
气温，味辛。无毒。
入手阳明经。
《本草》云∶主鬼气，温中，治积冷心腹胀痛，霍乱，中恶冷疰，呕沫，冷气，消食止
泄，小儿伤乳霍乱。
气平，味甘温。无毒。
《本草》云∶主恶气，卒心腹痛满。治黑皮 ，风疳齿 。
气微温，味辛，纯阳。辛平，有毒。
《珍》云∶破血。
《心》云∶洗去腥，与苦酸同用，导胆。
《本草》云∶主疟及咳逆、寒热，腹中症坚、痞结、积聚，邪气、蛊毒、鬼疰，疗胸中
邪结气，能吐出之。
成无己注云∶火邪错逆，加蜀漆之辛以散之。
气平，味甘。无毒。
《本草》云∶主心腹膀胱寒热，利小便，止血，消瘀血。又云∶治一切吐、衄、唾、
溺、崩、泻、扑、症、带下等血，并皆治之。并疮疖，通月候，堕胎，儿枕急痛，风肿鼻洪
，下乳，止泄精血利。如破血消肿则生用，补血止血则炒用。
气寒，味微苦。苦而辛，气薄味浓，阴也。甘平，大寒。无毒，阳中之阴。
入手太阴经，足少阴经。
《象》云∶保肺气，治血热侵肺，上喘气促。加人参、黄 为主，用之，神效。
《心》云∶苦以泄滞血，甘以助元气，及治血妄行，此天门冬之功也。
《本草》云∶主诸暴风湿偏痹，强骨髓，杀三虫
，去伏尸。保定肺气，去寒热，养肌肤，益气力，利小便，冷而能补。久服延年，多子孙，
能行步，益气。入手太阴、足少阴经，荣卫枯涸，湿剂所以润之，二门冬、人参、北五味子
、枸杞子，同为生脉之剂。此上焦独取寸口之意。
《日华子》云∶贝母为使。镇心，润五脏，益皮肤，悦颜色。补五劳七伤，治肺气、并
嗽，消痰，及风痹、热毒、游风、烦闷、吐血。去心用。
Temperature warm, flavor pungent. Non-toxic.
Bencao (Materia Medica) states: It primarily treats intestinal deficiency-cold leading to watery diarrhea, colic pain in the heart and abdomen, cholera, and vomiting of sour fluid. It resolves alcohol toxicity. It should not be taken in excess, as it will cause the tongue to become rough and impair appetite.
Ye (referring to a specific text cited in Tangye Bencao) states: This is the seed of Galangal (Gao Liang Jiang). Using Hong Dou Kou (Red Cardamom) together with Gao Liang Jiang is analogous to using Guan Gui (Cinnamon Twig/Cortex Cinnamomi) together with Gui Hua (Osmanthus Flower); the principle is the same.
Temperature warm, flavor pungent. Non-toxic.
Enters the Hand-Yangming Large Intestine Meridian.
Bencao states: It treats Gui Qi (ghostly qi/sudden mental aberrations attributed to external pathogens), warms the Middle Jiao, treats abdominal distension and pain caused by accumulated cold, cholera, Zhong E (sudden illness due to foul qi), Leng Zhu (cold-type zhu disease), vomiting of foam, cold qi, promotes digestion, stops diarrhea, and treats cholera in infants caused by milk injury.
Temperature neutral, flavor sweet and warm. Non-toxic.
Bencao states: It treats evil qi, sudden onset of heart and abdominal pain and fullness. It treats black skin pigmentation and Feng Gan Chi (wind-related dental caries/lesions).
Temperature slightly warm, flavor pungent, purely yang. Pungent and neutral, toxic.
Zhen (Zhenzhu Nang) states: It breaks blood stasis.
Xin (Yixue Qiyuan or related source) states: Wash away the fishy smell; when used together with bitter and sour flavors, it guides the action into the Gallbladder meridian.
Bencao states: It treats malaria, coughing and reverse flow of qi, alternating chills and fever, hard masses in the abdomen (Zheng Jian),痞结 (plugging and knotting), accumulations, evil qi, Gu Du (gu poison), Gui Zhu (ghostly transmission), and treats evil knotted qi in the chest, enabling its expulsion through vomiting.
Cheng Wuji notes: For fire pathogen disorder and rebellion, add the pungent dispersing property of Shu Qi (Polygala Root) to dissipate it.
Temperature neutral, flavor sweet. Non-toxic.
Bencao states: It treats cold-heat conditions in the heart, abdomen, and bladder, promotes urination, stops bleeding, and eliminates blood stasis. It further states: It treats all types of hematemesis, epistaxis, hemoptysis, hematuria, metrorrhagia, bloody stool, trauma bleeding, bleeding from zheng masses, leukorrhea with blood, sores and carbuncles, regulates menstruation, induces abortion, treats acute postpartum abdominal pain (Er Zhen Ji Tong), wind-induced swelling and severe epistaxis, promotes lactation, stops seminal emission, and treats bloody dysentery. To break blood stasis and reduce swelling, use raw; to tonify blood and stop bleeding, use stir-baked.
Temperature cold, flavor slightly bitter. Bitter and pungent, thin in qi and dense in flavor, belongs to Yin. Sweet and neutral, extremely cold. Non-toxic, Yin within Yang.
Enters the Hand-Taiyin Lung Meridian and Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian.
Xiang (Yong Yao Fa Xiang) states: It protects Lung qi, treats upper asthma and rapid breathing caused by heat invading the lung from blood heat. When added with Renshen (Ginseng) and Huang Qin (Scutellaria Root) as principal herbs, it yields miraculous effects.
Xin states: The bitter flavor drains stagnant blood, and the sweet flavor assists Yuan Qi (original qi). Treating reckless bleeding is the merit of Tian Dong (Asparagus Root).
Bencao states: It treats various acute wind-dampness hemiplegic bi syndrome, strengthens bone marrow, kills three types of parasites, removes Fu Shi (latent corpse-like pathogens). It stabilizes Lung qi, removes cold and heat, nourishes skin and flesh, benefits qi and strength, promotes urination, is cold yet capable of tonification. Long-term use extends life, increases offspring, improves walking ability, and benefits qi. Enters the Hand-Taiyin and Foot-Shaoyin meridians. When Ying Wei (Nutritive and Defensive qi) are withered and dry, moistening agents are used to lubricate them. Tian Dong (Asparagus Root), Mai Dong (Ophiopogon Root), Renshen (Ginseng), Bei Wu Wei Zi (Schisandra Berry), and Gou Qi Zi (Goji Berry) together form the Sheng Mai (Generate Pulse) formula. This reflects the rationale of exclusively taking the Cun Kou pulse at the upper Jiao.
Ri Hua Zi states: Bei Mu (Fritillaria Bulb) serves as an envoy herb. It calms the heart, moistens the five zang organs, benefits the skin, and enhances complexion. It tonifies the five labors and seven injuries, treats Lung qi issues and cough, resolves phlegm, and addresses wind-bi, heat toxins, wandering wind, restlessness, and hematemesis. Remove the heart before use.