自缢、被人勒杀或算杀假作自缢，甚易辨。真自缢者，用绳索、帛之类系缚处，交至左
右耳后，深紫色。眼合、唇开、手握、齿露。缢在喉上，则舌抵齿；喉下，则舌多出。胸前
有涎滴沫，臀后有粪出。若被人打勒杀，假作自缢，则口眼开、手散、发慢。喉下血脉不行
，痕迹浅淡。舌不出，亦不抵齿。项上肉有指爪痕，身上别有致命伤损去处。
惟有生勒未死间，实时吊起，诈作自缢，此稍难辨。如迹状可疑，莫若检作勒杀，立限
捉贼也。
凡被人隔物，或窗棂或林木之类勒死，伪作自缢，则绳不交。喉下痕多平过，却极深，
黑黯色，亦不起于耳后发际。
绞勒喉下死者，结缔在死人项后。两手不垂下，纵垂下亦不直。项后结交，却有背倚柱
等处，或把衫襟KT 着，即喉下有衣衫领黑迹，是要害处气闷身死。
凡检被勒身死人，将项下勒绳索，或者诸般带系，临时仔细声说，缠绕过遭数。多是于
项后当正，或偏左、右系定，须有系不尽垂头处。其尸合面地卧，为被勒时争命，须是揉扑
得头发或角子散慢，或沿身上有 擦着痕。
凡被勒身死人，须看觑尸身四畔，有扎磨踪迹去处。
又有死后被人用绳索系扎手脚及项下等处，其人已死，气血不行，虽被系缚，其痕不紫
赤，有白痕可验。死后系缚者，无血 ，系缚痕虽深入皮，即无青紫赤色，但只是白痕。
有用火篦烙成痕，但红色或焦赤带湿不干。
Hanging by oneself, strangulation by another person, or beating followed by strangulation disguised as hanging are very easy to distinguish. In a true case of hanging, the rope or silk binding crosses behind both ears and appears deep purple. The eyes are closed, lips open, hands clenched, and teeth exposed. If the knot is above the throat, the tongue presses against the teeth; if below the throat, the tongue protrudes significantly. There may be saliva droplets on the chest and feces discharged from the anus. If strangled to death by another and disguised as hanging, the mouth and eyes are open, hands are spread, and hair is loose. Blood vessels below the throat are blocked, and the ligature mark is shallow and pale. The tongue does not protrude nor press against the teeth. There may be fingernail marks on the neck skin, and other fatal injuries elsewhere on the body.
The only slightly difficult case to distinguish is when the victim is strangled while alive but not yet dead, then immediately hung up to feign suicide. If the signs are suspicious, it is best to treat it as homicide and set a deadline to catch the culprit.
If strangled to death by an object such as a window lattice or tree branch, disguised as hanging, the rope will not cross. The ligature mark below the throat often runs horizontally across, is extremely deep, dark black in color, and does not extend to the hairline behind the ears.
In cases of strangulation where the knot is below the throat, the knot is located at the back of the neck. The hands do not hang down naturally; even if they do, they are not straight. At the back of the neck where the knot is tied, if the body leans against a pillar or the shirt collar is grabbed to tie the knot, there will be black marks from the clothing collar on the throat, indicating death due to suffocation at a vital point.
When examining a corpse strangled to death, carefully inquire about the rope or various belts used around the neck, specifically how many times they were wrapped. Usually, the knot is tied directly at the back of the neck, or slightly to the left or right, leaving some loose ends hanging down. The corpse lies face down because it struggled for life during strangulation, causing hair or hairpins to become disheveled, and there may be abrasion marks along the body.
When discovering a corpse strangled to death, one must inspect the surroundings of the body for signs of struggle or rubbing.
There are also cases where the limbs and neck are bound with ropes after death. Since the person is already dead and blood circulation has ceased, although bound, the marks do not appear purple-red; white marks can be verified. In post-mortem binding, without blood flow, even if the binding marks penetrate deeply into the skin, there is no blue, purple, or red discoloration, only white marks.
Marks made by burning with a hot comb appear red or scorched red and remain moist and undried.