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Li stated: Menstrual blood circulates rhythmically; if free from disease, conception can occur smoothly. If accompanied by tidal fever and abdominal pain, severe cases may also present with coughing, sweating, vomiting, or diarrhea. Tidal fever and sweating further deplete the blood; coughing and vomiting cause Qi to rebel upward; diarrhea causes body fluids to drain posteriorly; pain leads to accumulation in the middle jiao. Therefore, diseases must be treated first before nourishing blood and regulating menstruation. Among these, tidal fever and pain are particularly common disorders in women. Generally, when blood stagnates and penetrates into the bone marrow, it manifests as bone-steaming (a symptom of Yin deficiency with internal heat); when blood stagnates and forms stasis in the middle jiao, it contends with newly generated blood daily, causing pain; when blood is depleted and fails to nourish the bones and limbs, steaming heat appears on the exterior; when blood depletion leads to excessive fire in the uterine collaterals, compounded by phlegm, Qi stagnation, food retention, or external cold pathogens, pain ensues.

Fang stated: Women's menstrual disorders include irregular cycles and amenorrhea (absence of menstruation). Within these categories of irregularity and obstruction, there are those accompanied by pain and those accompanied by fever, dividing them into four types. However, upon closer examination: among irregularities, there are early periods and delayed periods; early periods indicate Heat, while delayed periods indicate Deficiency. Among obstructions, there are blood stagnation and blood depletion; blood stagnation requires blood-breaking methods, while blood depletion requires tonification. Regarding pain, there is constant pain and pain occurring before or after menstruation; constant pain and pre-menstrual pain indicate blood accumulation, whereas post-menstrual pain indicates blood deficiency. Regarding fever, there is constant fever and fever during menstruation; constant fever indicates blood deficiency with accumulation, while menstrual fever indicates blood deficiency with Heat. This further divides the conditions into eight types. Broadly speaking, the internal causes of women's menstrual disorders are worry, overthinking, and anger, while external causes are drinking cold substances and exposure to cold. Human Qi and Blood circulate throughout the body; sudden emotional triggers like worry or anger cause Qi stagnation and impaired flow; exposure to cold drinks or cold environments before or after menstruation prevents the complete discharge of lochia. These are the origins of irregular, obstructed, painful, and febrile menstrual conditions. Generally, where Qi moves, Blood moves; where Qi stops, Blood stops. Thus, treating blood disorders prioritizes moving Qi, using herbs such as Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfu); Heat promotes circulation, while Cold causes coagulation. Therefore, warming herbs serve as assistants in treating blood disorders, such as Cinnamomi Cortex (Rougui). (By analogy, the scope is broad; one should not be rigid. The distinction between primary agents and assistants is especially important to understand.)