谨按《山海经》，生广南山谷。陈氏云∶地名零陵，故以地为名。味辛，温，无
毒。主风邪冲心，牙车肿痛，虚劳疳 ，凡是齿痛，煎含良。得升麻、细辛，善。不宜多服
，令人气喘。（《大观》卷九页３８，《政和》页２３２，《纲目》页８２９）
恶甘草。（《大观》卷九页３７，《政和》页２３１，《纲目》页８１７）
今按陈氏，生西海及西戎诸地。味辛，平，咸。得诃子、鳖甲、豆蔻、白芜荑等
良。多从安东道来。（《大观》卷九页３９，《政和》页２３２，《纲目》页８１２）
谨按《广志》云∶生剽地。温，平。主伤寒五泄，主心腹注气，下寸白，止肠鸣
，烧之辟温疫，合 窠浴香港脚，甚良。（《大观》卷九页５２，《政和》页２３６，《纲目》页
８２
８）
谨按《广州记》云∶生波斯国。马芹子即黑色而重，莳萝子即褐色而轻。主膈气，
消食，温胃，善滋食味。多食无损，即不可与阿魏同合，夺其味尔。（《大观》卷九页５１，
《政和》页２３６，《纲目》页１２０４）
谨按《广志》云∶生诸海，嫩胡椒也。青时就树采摘造之，有柄粗而蒂圆是也。
其味辛、苦，微温，无毒。主心腹卒痛，霍乱吐泻，痰癖冷气。古方偏用染发，不用治病也
。（《大观》卷九页４９，《政和》页２３５，《纲目》页１３２１）
According to the *Classic of Mountains and Seas* (Shan Hai Jing), it grows in the valleys of Mount Guang. Chen states: The place name is Lingling, hence named after the location. It tastes pungent, is warm in nature, and non-toxic. It primarily treats wind-pathogen rushing to the heart, swelling and pain of the jaw (Ya Che), deficiency consumption with infantile malnutrition (Gan Ji), and for any toothache, decocting and holding in the mouth is effective. When combined with Shengma (Cimicifugae Rhizoma) and Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma), it is excellent. It should not be taken in large doses, as it causes asthma. (From *Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 9, p. 38; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 232; *Bencao Gangmu*, p. 829)
It is inimical to Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix). (From *Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 9, p. 37; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 231; *Bencao Gangmu*, p. 817)
Current research into Chen's view indicates that Bi Cheng Qie (Bergamot Fruit) grows in the Western Sea and various regions of the Western Rong. It tastes pungent, is neutral in nature, and salty. It is beneficial when combined with Hezi (Terminalia Chebulae Fructus), Biejia (Testudinis Carapax et Plastrum), Doukou (Amomi Fructus Rotundus), Bai Wuyi (Piperis Longi Fructus), etc. It mostly arrives via the Andong Road. (From *Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 9, p. 39; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 232; *Bencao Gangmu*, p. 812)
According to the *Guang Zhi*: It grows in Piao land. It is warm and neutral. It treats five types of diarrhea caused by Shanghan (Cold Damage), qi stagnation in the heart and abdomen, expels Ascaris lumbricoides (Cun Bai), stops borborygmus, burning it repels Wen Yi (epidemic febrile diseases), and using it in a bath for Hong Jiao (gout/foot disease) is very effective. (From *Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 9, p. 52; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 236; *Bencao Gangmu*, p. 828)
According to the *Guang Zhou Ji*: It grows in the Kingdom of Persia. Ma Qin Zi (likely referring to a type of fennel or dill seed) is black and heavy; Shi Luo Zi (Anethi Fructus) is brown and light. It treats Ge Qi (qi stagnation in the diaphragm), aids digestion, warms the stomach, and enhances the flavor of food. Consuming much does no harm, but it should not be combined with Awei (Ferulae Resina), as it will diminish its flavor. (From *Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 9, p. 51; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 236; *Bencao Gangmu*, p. 1204)
According to the *Guang Zhi*: It grows in various seas; it is young Hu Jiao (Piperis Nigrum Fructus / Piperis Longum Fructus). It is harvested from the tree while green and processed; having a thick stalk and round base characterizes it. Its taste is pungent and bitter, slightly warm, and non-toxic. It treats sudden pain in the heart and abdomen, cholera with vomiting and diarrhea, phlegm-stasis and cold qi. Ancient formulas favored it for dyeing hair rather than treating diseases. (From *Daguan Bencao*, Vol. 9, p. 49; *Zhenghe Bencao*, p. 235; *Bencao Gangmu*, p. 1321)