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Fuwen (latent warm pathogen) emerging from the Yin level to the Yang level is considered a favorable progression in disease mechanism. If the pathogen originates in the Yin but remains entrenched in the Yin without penetrating to the Yang, this constitutes an unfavorable (reverse) progression. Given that the boundaries between the Yin and Yang levels are distinct, how can confusion arise? There are two main causes for such Yin-Yang confusion: first, due to deficiency of healthy Qi (Zhengqi). For instance, when Yang Qi is deficient, Yin pathogens inevitably encroach, causing Yin pathology to confuse with Yang; conversely, when Yin fluids are deficient, Yang pathogens inevitably disturb, causing Yang pathology to confuse with Yin. Second, due to therapeutic errors. If the pathology resides in the Yin but Yang-tonifying or Yang-releasing herbs are mistakenly administered, the Yang Qi is damaged by the medication, leading to Yin pathology confusing with Yang; if the pathology resides in the Yang but Yin-nourishing or Yin-cooling herbs are mistakenly administered, the Yin Qi is damaged, leading to Yang pathology confusing with Yin. Regarding the complex clinical manifestations, some arise directly from Yin-Yang confusion, while others result from the concurrent presence of other pathogens. Diagnosing such cases relies entirely on the physician's innate intelligence and mature diagnostic insight to ensure accuracy. These cases exhibit the most variations, with no fixed pathways to follow. The clinician must carefully weigh the relationship between healthy Qi and pathogenic factors, exterior and interior syndromes, new versus old pathogens, root versus branch, severity, and urgency. Only after proper assessment can treatment be initiated. In some cases, it is necessary to first protect the fundamental Yuan Qi; once healthy Qi is robust, pathogens will dissipate naturally. In other cases, it is urgent to expel external pathogens; only by rapidly eliminating pathogens can healthy Qi remain unharmed. Some symptoms appear mixed but originate from a single root; treating the root specifically allows all symptoms to recede, which is known as "treating the root in slow/chronic conditions." Some presentations manifest as branch symptoms, yet the disease mechanism is critical; the branch must be treated first (e.g., difficulty in urination), while the root is addressed later, known as "treating the branch in acute/emergency conditions." In cases where the disease spreads widely but healthy Qi cannot support aggressive radical treatment, one may first address the superficial branches using methods that gradually reduce pathogens while gradually strengthening healthy Qi. In situations where the condition is tangled and requires removing the root for all symptoms to resolve, one must attack the solid pathological fortress, employing a strategy akin to "capturing the king to capture the rebels." The aforementioned complexities mainly involve exterior-interior and deficiency-excess dynamics, allowing for consistent therapeutic approaches. However, there are further complexities involving mixed cold and heat, such as Yin deficiency accompanied by cold-fluid retention, or Yang deficiency accompanied by Liver Fire. Treating one aspect hinders the other, making medication difficult to administer. The subtleties involved are often known but indescribable, or describable but not fully comprehensible. Ultimately, precise weighing of severity and urgency is essential before discussing treatment. Herb selection must consider mutual interactions, requiring the skillful mastery likened to "playing the lute while watching the flying geese" (handling multiple tasks with grace and precision). Otherwise, a slight error leads to a massive deviation, and survival is rare.