马云。各经皆有筋。而筋又有病。及各有治法。故名篇。张云。凡十二经筋所起所行之次。与十二经脉多
相合。其中有小异者。乃其支别。亦互相发明耳。独足之三阴。则始同而终不同也。所当并考。愚按、十二经
脉之外。而复有所谓经筋者何也。盖经脉营行表里。故出入脏腑。以次相传。经筋联缀百骸。故维络周身。各
有定位。虽经筋所行之部。多与经脉相同。然其所结所盛之处。则惟四肢溪谷之间
为最。以筋会于节也。筋属木。其华在爪。故十二经筋皆起于四肢指爪之间。而后盛于辅骨。结于肘腕。系于
膝关。联于肌肉。上与颈项。终于头面。此人身经筋之大略也。筋有刚柔。刚者所以束骨。柔者所以相维。亦
犹经之有略。纲之有纪。故手足项背直行附骨之筋皆坚大。而胸腹头面支别横络之筋皆柔细也。但手足十二经
之筋。又各有不同者。如手足三阳行于外。其筋多刚。手足三阴行于内。其筋多柔。而足三阴阳明之筋。皆聚
于阴器。故曰前阴者。宗筋之所聚。此又筋之大会也。然一身之筋。又皆肝之所生。故惟足厥阴之筋络诸筋。
而肝曰罢极之本。此经脉经筋之所以异也。
起于足小趾 张云。即足太阳经脉所止之处。至阴穴次也。
邪上 甲乙。邪、作斜。马云。邪、斜同。
结于踵上循跟 张云。踵即足跟之突出者。跟即踵上之硬筋处也。乃仆参、申脉之分。
其别者（止）与 中并 张云。此即大筋之旁出者。别为柔软短筋。亦犹木之有枝也。后凡言别
者支者。皆仿此。此支自外踝别行。由足 肚之下尖处。行少阳之后。结于 之外侧络穴、飞阳之分。乃上
内廉合大筋于委中而一之也。
上挟脊上项 张云。夹脊背分左右。上项会于督脉之陶道、大椎。此皆附脊之刚筋也。
为目上网下结于 张云。网、网维也。所以约束目睫。司开阖者也。目下曰 。即颧也。志
云。网、当作纲。简案、上网、盖谓睫上细筋。网罗目窠者。 、甲乙作 、下同。
小指支跟肿痛 简案、支字诸家不释。盖支、枝通。谓小指枝梧于跟而肿痛。下文支缺盆小指次指支并同。
纽痛 说文。纽、系也。楚辞注。退出也。
燔针劫刺 张云。燔针、烧针也。劫刺、因火气而劫散寒邪也。
以知为数 方言云。南楚病愈者谓之瘥。或谓之间。或谓之知。知、通语也。
以痛为辅 马云。其所取之俞穴。即痛处是也。俗云天应穴者。
名曰仲春痹 张云。足太阳之经。应二月之气也。此与阴阳系日月篇义同。但彼以左足右足分十二经。
以主十二月。此以手六经足六经分主十二月。盖以辨阴阳盛衰之义也。志云。在外者皮肤为阳。筋骨为阴。病
在阴者名曰痹。痹者血气留闭而为痛也。卯者二月。主左足之太阳。故为仲春之痹。盖手足阴阳之筋。应天之
四时。岁之十二月。故其为病亦应时而生。非由外感也。
足少阳之筋（止）结于膝外廉 张云。小趾次趾即第四趾窍阴之次也。外踝、丘墟之次。胫外廉外丘、
阳交之次。膝外廉、阳陵泉、阳关之次。此皆刚筋也。
其支者（止）结于尻 张云。此支自外辅骨上走于髀。分为二歧。前结于阳明之伏兔。后结于督脉之尻。
至此刚柔相制。所以联臀膝而运枢机也。
上乘 季胁 张云。季胁下两旁软处曰 。五音篇曰。少也。盖其处少骨之义。
支者（止）为外维 张云。此支者从颧上斜趋。结于目外 。而为目之外维。凡人能左右 视者。正以
此筋为之伸缩也。
颈维筋急 马云颈维之筋皆急。张云。维者牵系之谓。志云。维筋左右之交维也。简案、张注误。
从左之右（止）命曰维筋相交 张云。从左之右。则右目
不开。是右病由左也。然则左目不开者。病由于右可知矣。角、额角也。并跷脉而行者。阴跷阳跷。阴阳相交。
阳入阴。阴出阳。交于目锐 。故左络于右。伤左角之筋而右足不用。则其从右之左者亦然。盖筋之维络相交
如此也。
孟春痹 志云。寅者正月之生阳也。主左足之少阳。故为孟春之痹。
起于中三指 马云。盖厉兑穴起于次指。而其筋则自次指以连三指。张云。即足之中趾。厉兑之旁也。
循 结于尻 尻字。道藏正脉熊马志本并缺。马一本作缺盆。（案此因小注有缺字下一盆字者不可从）
甲乙楼氏纲目并作膝。张仍之。为是。张云。 、足胫骨也。其直者自跗循 。结于膝下外廉、三里之次。
聚于阴器 张云。上行聚于阴器。阴阳总宗筋之会。会于气街。而阳明为之长也。
太阳为目上网 阳明为目下网 张云。太阳细筋散于目上。故为目上网。阳明细筋散于目下。故为目下
网。论疾诊尺云。诊目痛赤脉。从上下者太阳病。从下上者阳明病。
结于耳前 张云。其支者自颐颊间上结耳前。会于足少阳之上关、颔厌。上至头维而终也。
脚跳坚 张云。跳者跳动。坚者坚强也。
卒口僻（止）故僻 张云。僻、歪斜也。其筋自缺盆上颈颊。挟口上合于太阳。太阳为目上网。阳明为目
下网。故凡目之不合不开。口之急纵歪僻者。皆足阳明之筋病。寒则急而热则缓也。志云。盖左筋急则口僻于
左。左筋缓则口僻于右也。
治之以马膏（止）三拊而已 甲乙。炭作灰。（纲目同）以坐作与坐。并似是。张云。马膏、马脂也。其
性味甘平柔润。能
养筋治痹。故可以膏其急者。白酒辣桂。性味辛温。能通经络行血脉。故可以涂其缓者。桑之性平。能利关节。
除风寒湿痹诸痛。故以桑钩钩之者。钩正其口也。复以生桑火炭。置之地坎之中。高下以坐等者。欲其深浅适
中。便于坐而得其暖也。然后以前膏熨其急颊。且饮之美酒。啖之美肉。皆助血舒筋之法也。虽不善饮。亦自
强之。三拊而已。言再三拊摩其患处。则病自已矣。简案、李时珍马 膏（ 项上也）发明。载本法云。灵枢
无注本。世多不知此方之妙。窃谓口颊 僻。乃风中血脉也。手足阳明之筋。络于口。会太阳之筋。络于目。
寒则筋急而僻。热则筋缓而纵。故左中寒。则逼热于右。右中寒。则逼热于左。寒者急而热者缓也。急者皮肤
顽痹。营卫凝滞。治法急者缓之。缓者急之。故用马膏之甘平柔缓。以摩其急。以润其痹。以通其血脉。用桂
酒之辛热急束。以涂其缓。以和其营卫。以通其经络。桑能治风痹。通节窍也。病在上者酒以行之。甘以助之。
故饮美酒啖炙肉云。楼氏纲目云。以水调生桑灰于钩柄之坎缝处。连颊涂之。以收其弛。其桑钩柄别线系于肩
后。使勿走作也。王子接古方选注云。坎、颊间之坎陷也。以桑灰置之坎中。务使高下浓薄相等也。考、坎字
三说不同。然张注于高下以坐等。似为妥帖。李杲脾胃论有清阳汤。治口 颊腮急紧。乃为此证设焉。当并考。
志云。此治口颊 僻之法也。其转筋 疝诸证。治在燔针劫刺。
治在燔针劫刺 楼氏云。治在燔针之上。当有其病转筋者五字。如足厥阴筋行水清阴气之下所言也。
盖燔针但宜施于筋寒转筋之病。其筋热缓纵者。则不宜也。
名曰季春痹 张云。足阳明正盛之经。应三月之气也。志云。辰者三月。主左足之阳明。故为季春之痹。
足太阴之筋（止）上结于内踝 张云。大指之端内侧隐白也。循 骨而上结于内踝。下商丘之次。
其直者络于膝内辅骨 张云。络、当作结。此自内踝直上结于膝内。辅骨。阴陵泉之次。简案、有直
者必有支者。疑脱之。
循阴股结于髀 张云。股之内侧曰阴股。结于髀。箕门之次也。
下引脐两胁痛。 甲乙下作上。是。
孟秋痹 张云。孟秋当作仲秋。此与下文足少阴条谬误。当迭更之。盖足太阴之经。应八月之气也。
志云。孟当作仲。酉者八月。主左足之太阴。故为仲秋之痹。
起于小指之下（止）结于内辅之下 甲乙下下有入足心三字。张云。起小指之下。邪趋足心。又邪趋
内侧上然谷。并足太阴、商丘之次。走内踝之下。结于跟踵之间。与太阳之筋合。由踵内侧上行结于内辅骨。
下阴谷之次。
主痫螈及痉 张云。痫、癫痫也。螈、牵急也。痉、坚强反张。尤甚于螈者也。足少阴为天一之经。
真阴受伤。故为此病。
在外者（止）不能仰 张云。在外者与太阳之筋合。故不能俯。在内者循脊内挟膂上至项。故不能仰。
阳病者即在外者也。阴病者即在内者也。余伯荣云。足少阴之筋与足太阳之筋。上合于颈项。此脏腑阴阳之气
交也。病在外在阳者。病太阳之气。故腰反折不能俯。在内在阴者。病少阴之气。故不能仰。如伤寒病。在太
阳则有反折之痉强。在少阴则蜷卧矣。简案、小儿痫病。有内钓外钓之别。亦此理也。
熨引饮药 张云。熨引所以舒筋。饮药所以养血。
所纽 所、诸本作折。是也。当改。张云。折纽者。
即转筋之甚。发日数。病日甚者。阴亏之极也。故当死不治。志云。纽折者痫 强痉也。如纽发频数而甚者。
死不治。
仲秋痹 张云。仲秋误也。当作孟秋。盖足少阴为生阴之经。应七月之气也。志云。仲当作孟。申者
七月之生阴也。主左足之少阴。故为孟秋之痹。
足厥阴之筋（止）结于内踝之前 张云。大趾上三毛际大敦次也。行跗上。与足太阴之筋并行。结于内
踝前中封之次。
结于阴器 张云。阴器者。合太阴、厥阴、阳明、少阴之筋。以及冲、任、督之脉。皆聚于此。故曰
宗筋。厥阴属肝。肝主筋。故络诸筋而一之。以成健运之用。
治在行水清阴气 甲乙。气、作器。张云。清理也。此言当以药治之。在通行水脏而调阴气。盖水则
肝之母也。志云。厥阴之木。气本于水。故治在行水。以清厥阴之气。
季秋痹 张云。足厥阴者。阴尽之经也。故应九月之气。志云。戌者九月。主右足之厥阴。
手太阳之筋（止）应小指之上 张云。手小指之上外侧。少泽穴也。上行结于手腕外侧。腕骨、阳谷之次。
上循臂内侧。结于肘下锐骨之后。小海之次。但于肘尖下两骨罅中。以指捺其筋。则 麻应于小指之上。是其
验也。
后走腋后廉 甲乙作从腋走后廉。上绕 外廉。
走太阳之前 甲乙作出足太阳之筋前。张云。自腋下与足太阳之筋合走腋后廉。上绕肩胛。行肩外 。
肩中 。循颈中天窗之分。出走太阳经筋。自缺盆出者之前。同上结于耳后完骨之次也。简案、张注为足太阳。
乃与甲乙符矣。马为手太阳。误。
痛应耳（止）乃得视 甲乙。得、作能。马云。其颈痛应耳中鸣而痛。其颈痛。又引于颔而痛。且其痛
时。目瞑良久。
乃得开视。
筋 颈 甲乙作筋痿颈肿。诸本亦作颈肿。但张本作 。简案、 肿同。足肿也。后世为肿胀之
肿。非。张云。筋 颈肿。即鼠瘰之属。
复而锐之 张云。刺而肿不退者复刺之。当用锐针。即 针也。
本支者（止）以痛为输 甲乙无此四十一字。与下节手少阳之筋文重。当从甲乙删之。
仲夏痹 张云。手太阳之经。应五月之气也。
手少阳之筋（止）结于腕上循臂 上、张本作中。云小指次指之端。无名指关冲之次也。上结于手
腕之阳池。循臂外关。支沟之次。马志。腕字下句。上、上声。
曲牙 沈氏释骨云。齿左右势转微曲者曰曲牙。简案、气穴论云。曲牙二穴。谓地仓穴。
上乘颔结于角 张云。颔、当作额。盖此筋自耳前行目外 。与三阳交会。上出两额之左右。以
结于额之上角也。
季夏痹 张云。手少阳之经。应六月之气也。
手阳明之筋（止）结于腕 张云。大指次指之端。食指尖商阳之次也。历合谷。结于腕上阳溪之次。
上左角络头下右颔 张云。此直者。自颈出手太阳天窗、天容之前。行耳前上额左角络头。以下
右颔。此举左而言。则右在其中。亦如经脉之左之右。右之左也。故右行者。亦上额右角。交络于头下左颔。
以合于太阳少阳之筋。简案、缪刺论。邪客于手足少阴太阴足阳明之络。此五络皆会于耳中。上络左角。又虚
里之动。独应于左。则经筋之有偏于左者。不可言无也。张注难凭。
孟夏痹 张云。手阳明为两阳合明之经。故应四月之
气。
手太阴之筋（止）结于鱼后 甲乙。鱼下有际字。张云。手大指上少商之次也。鱼后、鱼际也。
散贯贲合贲 下抵季胁 甲乙。合贲、作合胁。季胁、作季肋。是。张云。散贯于胃上口贲门之分。
与手厥阴之筋合。下行抵季胁。与足少阳厥阴之筋合也。按、四十四难。七冲门者。胃为贲门。杨玄操云。贲
者、膈也。胃气之所出。胃出谷气。以传于肺。肺在膈上。故胃为贲门。详此则经络之行于三焦。脏腑之列于
五内。其脉络相贯之处、在上焦则联于咽喉。中焦则联于贲膈。下焦则联于二阴。舍此三处。无所连属矣。
息贲 马云。本经邪气脏腑病形篇。有肺脉滑甚为息贲。
仲冬痹 张云。手太阴之经。应十一月之气也。
手心主之筋（止）结于肘内廉 张云。中指端中冲之次也。循指入掌中。至掌后大陵之次。并手
Ma Yun stated: Each meridian possesses its own sinew system, and diseases can occur within these sinews, each having specific treatment methods; hence the chapter is named "Sinews of the Meridians." Zhang Yun stated: The sequence of origin and course of the twelve sinew meridians largely coincides with that of the twelve regular meridians. Minor differences exist in their branches and collaterals, which mutually elucidate each other. However, the three Yin sinews of the foot start similarly but differ at the end, and these should be examined together. I reason: Why is there a concept of "sinew meridians" (Jingjin) besides the twelve regular meridians? Regular meridians circulate Ying and Wei Qi between the interior and exterior, entering and exiting the Zang-Fu organs in a sequential transmission. Sinew meridians connect and bind the bones, thereby supporting and connecting the entire body, each having fixed locations. Although the courses of the sinew meridians largely overlap with those of the meridians, the sites where they knot and are most abundant are primarily in the interstices of the limbs' muscles, because sinews gather at the joints. Sinews belong to Wood, and their luster manifests in the nails; thus, all twelve sinew meridians originate from the tips of the fingers and toes, then become prominent at the auxiliary bones, knot at the elbows and wrists, attach to the knee joints, connect to the muscles, ascend to the neck and nape, and terminate at the head and face. This is the general outline of the human sinew meridians. Sinews have rigid and flexible qualities; the rigid ones bind the bones, while the flexible ones provide mutual support. This is akin to the main trunks and branches of meridians, or the principles and details of a net. Therefore, the sinews running straight along the hands, feet, neck, and back, attached to the bones, are firm and large, whereas the sinews branching horizontally across the chest, abdomen, head, and face are soft and fine. However, the sinews of the twelve hand and foot meridians differ from one another. For instance, the three Yang meridians of the hands and feet run on the exterior, and their sinews are mostly rigid; the three Yin meridians of the hands and feet run on the interior, and their sinews are mostly flexible. The sinews of the Foot Yangming and the three Yin meridians of the foot all gather at the external genitalia; hence it is said that the anterior yin is the gathering place of the Zong Jin (Master Sinews). This is another great convergence of sinews. Nevertheless, all sinews in the body are generated by the Liver; therefore, only the Foot Jueyin Liver meridian connects and unifies the various sinews. The Liver is called the "root of endurance" (Ba Ji Zhi Ben). This explains the difference between regular meridians and sinew meridians.
Originating at the little toe of the foot: Zhang Yun stated: This is where the Foot Taiyang meridian terminates, next to the Zhiyin point.
Xie Shang (Slanting Upward): In the *Jia Yi Jing*, "Xie" is written as "Xie" (slanting). Ma Yun stated: "Xie" is synonymous with "Xie" (slanting).
Knots above the heel and follows the Achilles tendon: Zhang Yun stated: The "Zhong" refers to the protruding part of the heel, and the "Gen" refers to the hard tendon area above the Zhong. This is the boundary of the Puxuan and Shenmai points.
Its branch (terminates) and merges with the middle: Zhang Yun stated: This is the part branching off from the side of the large tendon, forming a separate, soft, short tendon, similar to how a tree has branches. All subsequent mentions of "branch" or "lateral tendon" follow this pattern. This branch diverges from the lateral malleolus, passes below the tip of the calf muscle, runs behind the Shaoyang meridian, and knots at the lateral collateral point Feiyang. It then ascends to the medial aspect of the leg, merging with the large tendon at the Weizhong point.
Ascends flanking the spine to the nape: Zhang Yun stated: Flanking the dorsal spine on both left and right sides, ascending to the nape to meet the Du Mai (Governing Vessel) at the Taodao and Dazhui points. These are all rigid tendons attached to the spine.
Forms the upper network of the eye and knots below at the [cheekbone]: Zhang Yun stated: "Wang" means net-like structure, used to constrain the eyelids and control opening and closing. The area below the eye is called [Quan] (cheekbone). Zhang Zhicong stated: "Wang" should be read as "Gang" (main rope). Brief note: The "upper network" likely refers to the fine tendons above the eyelashes that encompass the eye socket. [Quan] is written as [Quan] in the *Jia Yi Jing*, same below.
Swelling and pain in the little toe and heel: Brief note: The character "Zhi" is not explained by various scholars. "Zhi" is likely interchangeable with "Zhi" (branch), meaning the little toe acts like a branch supporting the heel, causing swelling and pain. The subsequent mentions of "Zhi Quepen" and "little toe and fourth toe Zhi" use the same meaning.
Niu Tong (Twisting Pain): *Shuo Wen*: Niu means tie or knot. *Chu Ci Zhu*: Means to withdraw or exit.
Fan Zhen Jie Ci (Burning Needle Rapid Needling): Zhang Yun stated: "Fan Zhen" refers to red-hot needles. "Jie Ci" means using the fire's heat to rapidly disperse cold pathogens.
Yi Zhi Wei Shu (Using "Knowing" as the Measure): *Fang Yan* states: In southern Chu, recovery from illness is called "Chai," or sometimes "Jian," or "Zhi." "Zhi" is a common term.
Yi Tong Wei Shu (Using Pain as the Acupoint): Ma Yun stated: The acupoints selected are exactly at the painful spots. Commonly known as "Tianyings" (Heaven-Responding points).
Named Zhongchun Bi (Mid-Spring Obstruction): Zhang Yun stated: The Foot Taiyang meridian corresponds to the qi of the second lunar month. This aligns with the meaning in the *Yin Yang Xi Ri Yue* chapter. That chapter distinguishes the twelve meridians by left and right feet for the twelve months, whereas this chapter assigns them by six hand and six foot meridians, likely to distinguish the principles of Yin-Yang excess and deficiency. Zhang Zhicong stated: Exterior skin is Yang, internal sinews and bones are Yin. Disease in Yin is called Bi. Bi refers to pain caused by stagnation and closure of Qi and Blood. Mao month is the second month, governing the left Foot Taiyang, hence it is called Zhongchun Bi. Generally, the sinews of the hand and foot Yin-Yang correspond to the four seasons and twelve months of the year; thus, their diseases arise seasonally, not due to external contraction.
Foot Shaoyang Sinew Meridian (terminates) knots at the lateral margin of the knee: Zhang Yun stated: The fourth toe near the Xiaoyin point. The lateral malleolus near the Qiuxu point. The lateral tibial margin near the Waiqiu and Yangjiao points. The lateral knee near the Yanglingquan and Yangguan points. These are all rigid sinews.
Its branch (terminates) knots at the sacrum: Zhang Yun stated: This branch ascends from the lateral fibula to the thigh, dividing into two. The anterior branch knots at the Futu point of the Yangming meridian; the posterior branch knots at the Sacrum of the Du Mai. Here, rigid and flexible qualities restrain each other, linking the buttocks and knees to operate the pivot mechanism.
Ascends to reach the [Hypochondrium]: Zhang Yun stated: The soft area on both sides below the hypochondrium is called [Jixie]. The *Wu Yin Pian* states: "Shao" means few. This implies the scarcity of bone in this area.
Branch (terminates) serves as the external support: Zhang Yun stated: This branch slants from the cheekbone upwards to the outer canthus of the eye, serving as the external support for the eye. The ability of humans to look left and right relies on the extension and contraction of this tendon.
Neck Support Tendon Spasm: Ma Yun stated: The tendons supporting the neck are all spasmodic. Zhang Yun stated: "Wei" means suspension or connection. Zhang Zhicong stated: Wei Jin involves left-right crossing connections. Brief note: Zhang's annotation is incorrect.
From Left to Right (terminates) Named Wei Jin Xiang Jiao (Crossed Connection of Support Tendons): Zhang Yun stated: If the left side affects the right, the right eye cannot open. Thus, right-sided pathology originates from the left. Conversely, if the left eye cannot open, the pathology originates from the right. "Jiao" refers to the temporal angle. Running alongside the Qiao vessels are the Yin Qiao and Yang Qiao meridians; Yin and Yang intersect, Yang enters Yin, Yin exits Yang, converging at the outer canthus. Thus, the left connects to the right. Injury to the tendon at the left temporal angle renders the right foot useless; similarly, injury to the right affects the left. This illustrates the crossed nature of tendon connections.
Mengchun Bi (Early Spring Obstruction): Zhang Zhicong stated: Yin month is the first lunar month, representing emerging Yang Qi. It governs the left Foot Shaoyang, hence it is called Mengchun Bi.
Originating from the middle three toes: Ma Yun stated: Luidui point originates at the second toe, but its tendon connects from the second to the third toe. Zhang Yun stated: This is the middle toe of the foot, beside Luidui.
Follows [Calf] and knots at the sacrum: The character "Kao" is missing in the Daozang Zhengmai edition, Xiong Ma Zhi edition, and Ma edition. One version of Ma reads "Quepen" (Clavicular fossa). (Note: This is likely due to the footnote containing "Que" followed by "Pen", so it should not be adopted). The *Jia Yi Jing* and Lou's Gangmu both read "Xi" (knee). Zhang Yun follows this, considering it correct. Zhang Yun stated: [Shuan] refers to the lower leg bone. The straight tendon runs from the dorsum of the foot along the [Shuan], knotting at the lateral margin below the knee, near the Zusanli point.
Gathers at the External Genitalia: Zhang Yun stated: Ascending to gather at the external genitalia. This is the total gathering of the Zong Jin (Master Sinews), meeting at the Qichuan point, with the Yangming meridian acting as the leader.
Taiyang forms the Upper Network of the Eye; Yangming forms the Lower Network of the Eye: Zhang Yun stated: Fine sinews of the Taiyang scatter over the upper eye, hence "Upper Network." Fine sinews of the Yangming scatter under the lower eye, hence "Lower Network." *Lun Ji Zhen Chi* states: To diagnose eye pain, if red vessels move from top to bottom, it is a Taiyang disease; if from bottom to top, it is a Yangming disease.
Knots at the front of the ear: Zhang Yun stated: Its branch ascends from the jaw/cheek area to knot at the front of the ear, meeting the Shangguan and Hanyan points of the Foot Shaoyang meridian, ascending to the Touwei point to terminate.
Jumping and Hardness of the Foot: Zhang Yun stated: "Tiao" means jumping/throbbing. "Jian" means hard/firm.
Sudden Facial Deviation (terminates) Therefore Deviated: Zhang Yun stated: "Pi" means crooked or deviated. The tendon ascends from the Quepen to the neck and cheek, joining the mouth and converging with the Taiyang. Taiyang is the Upper Network of the eye; Yangming is the Lower Network. Thus, any inability to close/open the eyes, or emergency relaxation/deviation of the mouth, are diseases of the Foot Yangming sinew. Cold causes tension/spasm; heat causes relaxation. Zhang Zhicong stated: Generally, if the left tendon is tense, the mouth deviates to the left; if the left tendon is relaxed, the mouth deviates to the right.
Treatment with Horse Fat (terminates) Three Rubbings Suffice: *Jia Yi Jing* writes "Tan" as "Hui" (ash). (Same in Gangmu). "Yi Zuo" as "Yu Zuo" seems plausible. Zhang Yun stated: Horse fat (Ma Gao) is horse grease. Its nature is sweet, neutral, soft, and moistening; it nourishes sinews and treats Bi. Hence, it is applied to the tense side. White wine and cinnamon (La Gui) are pungent and warm; they unblock meridians and promote blood circulation. Hence, they are applied to the relaxed side. Mulberry wood is neutral; it benefits joints and removes wind-cold-damp Bi pain. Hence, the mulberry hook is used to straighten the mouth. Raw mulberry charcoal is placed in a pit in the ground, with height adjusted to match the sitting position, ensuring appropriate depth and warmth for sitting. Then, the aforementioned ointment is used to moxa/rub the tense cheek. Drinking fine wine and eating good meat are methods to assist blood flow and relax sinews. Even if one cannot drink well, one must force oneself. "Three rubbings" means repeatedly massaging the affected area until the disease resolves itself. Brief note: Li Shizhen, in his commentary on Horse Fat (*Ben Cao Gang Mu*), records this method: The *Ling Shu* lacks annotations, so many do not know the efficacy of this formula. I privately believe facial deviation is wind striking the vessels. The Hand and Foot Yangming sinews connect to the mouth and converge with the Taiyang sinews connected to the eyes. Cold causes spasm and deviation; heat causes relaxation. Cold in the left forces heat to the right; cold in the right forces heat to the left. Cold causes tension, heat causes relaxation. The tense side has stiff skin and stagnant Ying-Wei Qi. Treatment requires relaxing the tense and tightening the relaxed. Thus, Horse Fat's sweet, neutral, soft, and slow nature is used to massage the tense side, moisten bi-stasis, and unblock blood vessels. Cinnamon wine's pungent, hot, and binding nature is used to coat the relaxed side, harmonize Ying-Wei, and unblock meridians. Mulberry treats wind-Bi and unblocks joint orifices. For diseases in the upper body, wine promotes movement, and sweetness assists. Hence, drinking fine wine and eating roasted meat. Lou's Gangmu states: Mix raw mulberry ash with water and apply it to the crevice of the hook handle, coating the cheek to tighten laxity. Tie the hook handle with a string to the shoulder to prevent movement. Wang Zijie in *Gu Fang Xuan Zhu* states: "Kan" refers to the depression in the cheek. Place mulberry ash in the depression, ensuring uniform thickness and height. Regarding the character "Kan," there are three different interpretations, but Zhang's note on "height matching the sitting position" seems most appropriate. Li Gao's *Pi Wei Lun* contains Qingyang Tang, treating tightness of the mouth and cheeks, designed for this condition. These should be examined together. Zhang Zhicong stated: This is the method for treating facial deviation. Other conditions like tendon cramps and hernias are treated with burning needle rapid needling.
Treatment lies in Burning Needle Rapid Needling: Lou氏 stated: The treatment lies in the burning needle; there should be five characters regarding "tendon cramps" here, as mentioned below the Foot Jueyin sinew section regarding clearing Yin Qi. Generally, burning needles are only suitable for diseases of cold-induced tendon cramps, not for heat-induced relaxation.
Named Jichun Bi (Late Spring Obstruction): Zhang Yun stated: The Foot Yangming meridian is at its peak prosperity, corresponding to the qi of the third lunar month. Zhang Zhicong stated: Chen month is the third month, governing the left Foot Yangming, hence it is called Jichun Bi.
Foot Taiyin Sinew Meridian (terminates) ascends to knot at the medial malleolus: Zhang Yun stated: The medial end of the big toe, Yinbai point. Following the [calf] bone upward to knot at the medial malleolus, near the Shangqiu point.
The straight part connects to the medial accessory bone of the knee: Zhang Yun stated: "Luo" should be read as "Jie" (knot). This goes straight up from the medial malleolus to knot at the medial accessory bone of the knee, near the Yinlingquan point. Brief note: Where there is a straight tendon, there must be a branch; suspect a missing character "Zhi".
Follows the medial thigh and knots at the hip: Zhang Yun stated: The medial aspect of the thigh is called Yin Gu. Knots at the Bi (hip), near the Jimen point.
Downward pulling causes umbilical and bilateral hypochondriac pain: *Jia Yi Jing* reads "Up" instead of "Down"; this is correct.
Mengqiu Bi (Early Autumn Obstruction): Zhang Yun stated: Mengqiu should be read as Zhongqiu. This contradicts the following Foot Shaoyin section and should be swapped. The Foot Taiyin meridian corresponds to the qi of the eighth lunar month. Zhang Zhicong stated: Meng should be Zhong. You month is the eighth month, governing the left Foot Taiyin, hence it is called Zhongqiu Bi.
Originating below the little toe (terminates) knots below the medial accessory bone: *Jia Yi Jing* adds "entering the sole of the foot" after "xia". Zhang Yun stated: Originating below the little toe, slanting towards the sole, then slanting medially upward to Ran Gu, alongside the Foot Taiyin Shangqiu point, passing below the medial malleolus, knotting between the heel and calcaneus, merging with the Taiyang sinew. Ascending medially from the heel to knot at the medial accessory bone, below the Yinggu point.
Governs Epileptic Convulsions and Tetanus: Zhang Yun stated: "Xian" is epilepsy. "Yuan" is pulling/tension. "Jing" is stiffness and opisthotonos, more severe than Yuan. Foot Shaoyin is the Tianyi meridian; injury to True Yin causes these diseases.
Those on the exterior (terminates) cannot bend forward: Zhang Yun stated: Those on the exterior merge with the Taiyang sinew, hence inability to bend forward. Those on the interior follow the spine internally to the nape, hence inability to extend backward. Yang disease refers to exterior conditions; Yin disease refers to interior conditions. Yu Borong stated: The Foot Shaoyin sinew and Foot Taiyang sinew merge at the neck. This is the intersection of Zang-Fu Yin-Yang Qi. Disease in the exterior/Yang affects Taiyang Qi, causing opisthotonos and inability to bend. Disease in the interior/Yin affects Shaoyin Qi, causing inability to extend. For example, in Shanghan disease, Taiyang presents with opisthotonic stiffness, while Shaoyin presents with curling up. Brief note: Pediatric epilepsy has distinctions between internal and external drawing, based on this principle.
Moxibustion/Compression and Oral Medication: Zhang Yun stated: Moxibustion/compression relaxes sinews; oral medication nourishes blood.
Suo Niu (Broken/Twisted): "Suo" is written as "Zhe" in various editions, which is correct. Should be corrected. Zhang Yun stated: Zhe Niu refers to
severe tendon cramping. Frequent episodes and worsening symptoms indicate extreme Yin deficiency. Thus, it is fatal and untreatable. Zhang Zhicong stated: Niu Zhe refers to epileptic stiffness and tetanus. If attacks are frequent and severe, it is fatal and untreatable.
Zhongqiu Bi (Mid-Autumn Obstruction): Zhang Yun stated: Zhongqiu is an error; it should be Mengqiu. Foot Shaoyin is the meridian generating Yin, corresponding to the qi of the seventh lunar month. Zhang Zhicong stated: Zhong should be Meng. Shen month is the seventh month, representing emerging Yin Qi. It governs the left Foot Shaoyin, hence it is called Mengqiu Bi.
Foot Jueyin Sinew Meridian (terminates) knots before the medial malleolus: Zhang Yun stated: Near the Da Dun point at the hairline of the big toe. Runs on the dorsum of the foot, parallel to the Foot Taiyin sinew, knotting before the medial malleolus near the Zhongfeng point.
Knots at the External Genitalia: Zhang Yun stated: The external genitalia is where the sinews of Taiyin, Jueyin, Yangming, and Shaoyin, as well as the Chong, Ren, and Du meridians, converge. Hence it is called Zong Jin. Jueyin belongs to the Liver; the Liver governs sinews. Thus, it connects and unifies all sinews to facilitate vigorous movement.
Treatment lies in Promoting Water Flow and Clearing Yin Qi: *Jia Yi Jing* writes "Qi" as "Qi" (vessel). Zhang Yun stated: Regulation. This implies treatment with herbs, focusing on promoting water metabolism and regulating Yin Qi. Water is the mother of Liver Wood. Zhang Zhicong stated: Jueyin Wood's Qi originates from Water; thus, treatment involves promoting water flow to clear Jueyin Qi.
Jiqiu Bi (Late Autumn Obstruction): Zhang Yun stated: Foot Jueyin is the meridian where Yin ends, corresponding to the qi of the ninth lunar month. Zhang Zhicong stated: Xu month is the ninth month, governing the right Foot Jueyin.
Hand Taiyang Sinew Meridian (terminates) corresponds to above the little finger: Zhang Yun stated: The lateral aspect above the little finger, Shaose point. Ascends to knot at the lateral wrist, near the Wangu and Yanggu points. Follows the medial arm, knotting behind the sharp bone below the elbow, near the Xiaohai point. Pressing the tendon in the gap between the two bones below the elbow tip induces numbness in the little finger, which serves as verification.
Then travels to the posterior margin of the axilla: *Jia Yi Jing* reads "from axilla to posterior margin". Ascends around the [scapular] lateral margin.
Runs anterior to Taiyang: *Jia Yi Jing* reads "exits anterior to Foot Taiyang sinew". Zhang Yun stated: From the axilla, it merges with the Foot Taiyang sinew, travels to the posterior axillary margin, ascends around the scapula, runs outside the shoulder [Shu], [Zhong Shu], follows the Tianchuang point on the neck, exits anterior to the Foot Taiyang sinew originating from the Quepen, and ascends to knot near the Wan Gu point behind the ear. Brief note: Zhang's annotation refers to Foot Taiyang, which matches *Jia Yi Jing*. Ma Yun's attribution to Hand Taiyang is incorrect.
Pain corresponds to the ear (terminates) Only then can one see: *Jia Yi Jing* reads "De" as "Neng" (can). Ma Yun stated: Neck pain causes ringing and pain in the ears. Neck pain also radiates to the jaw. During pain, the eyes remain closed for a long time before they can open to see.
Sinew [Atrophy] Neck [Swelling]: *Jia Yi Jing* reads "Sinew Atrophy and Neck Swelling". Various editions also read "Neck Swelling". But Zhang's edition reads [Wei]. Brief note: [Wei] and swelling are synonymous. Swelling of the foot. Later generations interpreted it as general swelling, which is incorrect. Zhang Yun stated: Sinew [Wei] and neck swelling belong to the category of Shu Luo (scrofula).
Repeat and Sharpen: Zhang Yun stated: If swelling persists after needling, repeat the needling using a sharp needle, i.e., a Pi needle.
Original and Branch (terminates) Use Pain as the Shu: *Jia Yi Jing* lacks these forty-one characters. It duplicates the text of the following Hand Shaoyang sinew section and should be deleted according to *Jia Yi Jing*.
Zhongxia Bi (Mid-Summer Obstruction): Zhang Yun stated: Hand Taiyang meridian corresponds to the qi of the fifth lunar month.
Hand Shaoyang Sinew Meridian (terminates) knots above the wrist and follows the arm [Middle] Up: Zhang's edition reads "Zhong". Cloud: End of the fourth finger, near the Guanchong point. Ascends to knot at the Yangchi point of the wrist, follows the arm's Waiguan and Zhigou points. Ma's edition: Sentence after "Wan" character. "Shang" is pronounced as a rising tone.
Qu Ya (Curved Tooth): Shen Shi's *Shi Gu* states: Teeth that curve slightly to the left and right are called Qu Ya. Brief note: *Qi Xue Lun* states: Qu Ya refers to two points, namely Dicang.
Ascends to the Chin/Jaw and Knots at the Angle: Zhang Yun stated: "Han" should be read as "E" (forehead). This tendon moves from the ear to the outer canthus, intersects with the three Yang meridians, ascends out to the left and right of the forehead, and knots at the upper angle of the forehead.
Jixia Bi (Late Summer Obstruction): Zhang Yun stated: Hand Shaoyang meridian corresponds to the qi of the sixth lunar month.
Hand Yangming Sinew Meridian (terminates) knots at the wrist: Zhang Yun stated: End of the index finger, near the Shangyang point. Passes through Hegu, knots at the Yangxi point above the wrist.
Ascends to the Left Angle, Connects to the Head, Descends to the Right Jaw: Zhang Yun stated: This straight tendon exits the neck anterior to the Hand Taiyang Tianchuang and Tianrong points, runs past the ear to the forehead's left angle, connects to the head, and descends to the right jaw. This describes the left side; the right is implied. Similarly to meridians going left-to-right and right-to-left. Thus, the right-running tendon ascends to the right forehead angle, crosses to connect to the head and descends to the left jaw, merging with the Taiyang and Shaoyang sinews. Brief note: *Miao Ci Lun* states: Pathogens invade the collaterals of the Hand/Foot Shaoyin, Taiyin, and Foot Yangming. These five collaterals converge in the ear, ascending to connect to the left angle. Also, the pulsation of Xuli responds uniquely to the left. Thus, sinew meridians having a bias to the left cannot be denied. Zhang's annotation is unreliable.
Mengxia Bi (Early Summer Obstruction): Zhang Yun stated: Hand Yangming is the meridian of combined Yang, hence it corresponds to the qi of the fourth lunar month.
Hand Taiyin Sinew Meridian (terminates) knots behind the大鱼际 (Thenar Eminence): *Jia Yi Jing* adds "Ji" after "Yu". Zhang Yun stated: Near the Shaoshang point on the thumb. "Yu Hou" is the Yuji point.
Scatters through the贲 (Cardia) and Combines with the贲 Descends to the Hypochondrium: *Jia Yi Jing* reads "He Bi" as "He Xie" (combine with hypochondrium) and "Ji Xie" as "Ji Lu" (hypochondrium ribs). This is correct. Zhang Yun stated: Scatters through the cardia region at the upper stomach opening, combining with the Hand Jueyin sinew. Descends to the hypochondrium, combining with the Foot Shaoyang and Jueyin sinews. According to *Nan Jing Chapter 44*, among the Seven Rush Gates, the Stomach is the Bimen (Cardia Gate). Yang Xuancao stated: "Bi" means diaphragm. It is where Stomach Qi exits. Stomach sends grain Qi to transmit to the Lung. The Lung is above the diaphragm, hence the Stomach is the Bimen. Examining this, the meridians circulating in the San Jiao and organs arranged in the Five Internal Organs, their interconnected points are: in the Upper Jiao, connected to the throat; in the Middle Jiao, connected to the Bimen/Diaphragm; in the Lower Jiao, connected to the two orifices. Except for these three areas, there is no connection.
Xi Ben (Rapid Breathing/Gasping): Ma Yun stated: In the *Ling Shu* chapter *Xie Qi Zang Fu Bing Xing*, it is stated that a slippery pulse of the Lung meridian indicates Xi Ben.
Zhongdong Bi (Mid-Winter Obstruction): Zhang Yun stated: Hand Taiyin meridian corresponds to the qi of the eleventh lunar month.
Hand Jueyin (Pericardium) Sinew Meridian (terminates) knots at the medial margin of the elbow: Zhang Yun stated: Near the Zhongchong point at the tip of the middle finger. Follows the finger into the palm, to the Daling point behind the palm. And Hand...