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Fangfeng Shaoyao Decoction (Cinnamon Twig and Peony Decoction) from *Jiyao* treats diarrhea, dysentery, undigested food stool (Suncie), accompanied by fever, wiry pulse (Xian Mai), abdominal pain with thirst, headache, and slight sweating.

Cangzhu Fangfeng Decoction (Atractylodes Rhizome and Saposhnikovia Decoction) treats diarrhea and dysentery with a wiry pulse and headache.

Shenzhu San (Divine Atractylodes Powder) from *Liangfang* treats Suncie occurring in summer due to wind injury in spring. (The above three formulas are all listed under the "Diarrhea" section.)

Canglin Tang (Granary Decoction) from *Danliao Fang* treats dysentery with headache, restlessness, and loss of appetite.

Baidu San (Deficiency-Dispelling Powder) from *Jufang*, 4 qian, taken with 100 grains of aged rice, decocted with fresh ginger and jujube.

Note: This is a formula for dispersing wind-cold, derived from the treatment principles of the Taiyang (Greater Yang) channel.

Baizhu Shaoyao Decoction (Atractylodes Macrocephala and Peony Decoction) from *Jiyao* treats watery diarrhea with urgent downward flow caused by dampness affecting the Spleen channel; Cangzhu Shaoyao Decoction has the same effect.

Wuling San (Five-Ingredient Powder with Poria) by Zhang Zhongjing.

Yiyuan San (Benefit Origin Powder) from *Xuanming Lun*. (The above four formulas are all listed under the "Diarrhea" section.)

Huanglian Xiangru Yin (Coptis and Elsholtzia Decoction) from *Jufang* treats bloody dysentery caused by summerheat invasion (see "Summerheat" section for the formula).

Note: This is a formula for resolving summerheat and clearing heat from the Heart and Lungs, derived from the use of Houpo (Magnolia Bark) in the Taiyin (Lesser Yin) channel.

Guiling Ganlu Yin (Cassia Twig, Alisma, and Sweet Dew Decoction) from *Xuanming Lun*.
Guiling Ganlu Yin by Zhang Hezi. (Both formulas are listed under "Summerheat Formulas".)

Note: These three formulas are agents that release the exterior, promote urination, and vigorously drain damp-heat from the Qi level; they belong to the medicines of the Taiyang channel.

Da Chengqi Tang (Major Order the Qi Decoction) by Zhang Zhongjing (see "Purgative Formulas" section).

Note: This is a formula for purging heat and cleansing the intestines and stomach, applicable when the four syndromes of Pi (fullness/oppression), Man (distension), Zao (dryness), and Shi (excess) are present; it is derived from the treatment principles of the Yangming (Yang Brightness) channel.

Xuanqing Wan (Dark Green Pill) from *Xuanming Lun* treats severe dysentery with frequent urgency and tenesmus, or chronic cases unresponsive to other medications, requiring purgation to eliminate damp-heat, relieve oppression, and remove stagnation.

Ingredients: Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome), Huangbai (Phellodendron Bark), Dahuang (Rhubarb Root), Gansui (Kansui Root), Yuanhua (Genkwa Flower) (stir-fried with vinegar), Daji (Euphorbia Root) (each 0.5 liang); Qianniu (Morning Glory Seed) (4 liang, powder extracted 2 liang); Qingfen (Calomel) (2 qian); Qingdai (Indigo Naturalis) (1 liang).

Preparation and Administration: Grind all ingredients into fine powder, mix evenly, and make pills with water, sized like small beans. Initial dose: 10 pills. Increase by 10 pills per dose, three times daily. Stop when bowel movement becomes smooth and rapid.

Nongpu Zhishi Tang (Magnolia Bark and Immature Bitter Orange Decoction) from *Jiyao* treats chronic, loose stools that have not resolved, which often progress to dysentery; this formula is used first to prevent progression.

Ingredients: Nongpu (Magnolia Bark) (1 liang); Zhishi (Immature Bitter Orange) (stir-fried, 1 liang); Hezi Pi (Areca Nut Pericarp) (1.5 liang, half raw, half processed); Huanglian (Coptis Rhizome); Gancao (Licorice Root) (roasted); Dahuang (Rhubarb Root) (each 3 qian); Muxiang (Costus Root) (0.5 liang).

Preparation and Administration: Grind into powder. Take 3–5 qian per dose, decocted in water.

Note: The above three formulas are agents that expel accumulation and clear heat. Dahuang drains blood-level heat; Qianniu drains qi-level heat; Gansui, Daji, and Yuanhua drain water-dampness; Nongpu and Zhike (Immature Bitter Orange) relieve oppression and fullness. Select according to the specific pathology.

Sugan Wan (Stagnation-Removing Pill) from *Jufang* treats dysentery caused by accumulation within the zang-fu organs.

Preparation and Administration: Mix Suhexiang Wan (Styrax Pill) and Yinggan Wan (Miraculous Response Pill) evenly, form pills the size of millet seeds. Take 5 pills per dose, on an empty stomach with light ginger soup.

Note: The academic tradition of *Jufang* often uses such remedies to treat dysentery and remove accumulation, hence recorded here. However, gathering warm-hot substances like these two pills is suitable for cold-induced disorders such as cold damage or cold injury. For patients with heat, even if accumulation is removed, the heat toxin will inevitably spread; the harm is incalculable.

Lingsha Dan (Cinnabar and Mercury Pill) from *Ben Shi Fang* treats all types of accumulation-type dysentery.

Ingredients: Sha (Mineral substance, unspecified, likely Cinnabar variant); Zhusha (Cinnabar) (both finely ground, each 2.5 qian).

Preparation and Administration: Use 0.5 liang of yellow beeswax. Take 21–27 pods of Badou (Croton Seed), remove shell, skin, and membrane. Boil together in a silver or earthenware vessel over double-boiler heat for one fu time (approx. 2 hours) until Badou turns purple. Remove, discard 7 pods, keep 7 pods. Grind these 7 pods thoroughly with the previous powders. Melt wax and mix with the medicine, forming pills the size of mung beans. Take 3–5 pills per dose: for watery diarrhea, take with ginger soup; for white dysentery, take with mugwort soup; for red-and-white dysentery, take with sour plum soup. Take on an empty stomach.

Zhu Danxi stated: Zhang Zhongjing’s method for treating dysentery generally employs modifications of Chengqi Tang for excess patterns. Why would he use harsh, dry, and toxic agents like arsenic (Pi), Croton seed (Badou), or cinnabar? Dahuang’s cold nature is good at moving freely; assisted by the warming nature of Nongpu which moves stagnant qi, and moderated by the sweetness of Gancao, combined with liquid decoctions to cleanse the intestines and stomach, providing moistening and light relief without stagnation. Once accumulation is expelled, it stops. In contrast, pills aggregating heat toxins like arsenic, cinnabar, and croton seed have fierce qi and heavy, dry properties. Although they may move fecal matter, the toxic vapors remain unchecked. Even if they cure the disease, can they spare the pure qi of the intestines and stomach from collateral damage and hidden injury?