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The *Mai Jing* (Pulse Classic) states: When the Chi pulse is slippery, it indicates substantial blood and qi; in women, this may manifest as irregular menstruation. If the Shaoyin pulse is weak and faint, it indicates a deficiency of Yin blood; if the Shaoyin pulse is slippery and rapid, sores will arise in the genital region.

At the Cun position, if the pulse is floating and weak, floating indicates deficiency, and weak indicates a lack of blood. If the pulse arrives feeling like the string of a zither, accompanied by lower abdominal pain, it signifies obstructed menstruation and sores in orifices. A Liver pulse that is wiry and deep signifies obstructed menstruation and lumbar and abdominal pain. If the Chi pulse beats intermittently or ceases, it signifies obstructed menstruation. If the Cun and Guan positions are harmonious and normal, but the Chi pulse is completely imperceptible, it signifies obstructed menstruation, likely presenting with lower abdominal pain radiating to the waist, and stagnant Qi attacking upward to the chest and epigastrium. Obstruction of the meridians leads to cold hernia pain encircling the umbilicus; the pulse is deep and tight. This arises because cold pathogenic factors lodge in the Blood Chamber, causing blood coagulation and stagnation, forming accumulations. The blood is rushed by Qi, and new blood clashes with old blood, resulting in pain. In cases of metrorrhagia with red and white leukorrhea, a slow pulse, or a small, deficient, and slippery pulse, indicates survival; a rapid, large, tight, full, and rapid pulse indicates death. In sudden cases of metrorrhagia with bleeding, if the Cun Kou pulse is micro-slow and the Chi pulse is micro-wiry, micro-slow indicates Cold in the Upper Jiao, manifesting only as vomiting; however, if the Chi pulse is micro-wiry as described, and accompanied by lower abdominal pain radiating to the lumbar spine, bleeding from below is certain. If the Cun Kou pulse is wiry and large, wiry indicates decline, and large indicates hollow (Kou pulse); decline indicates Cold, and hollow indicates Deficiency. The clashing of Cold and Deficiency results in a Ge pulse; in women, this leads to spontaneous abortion and leakage bleeding. If the Chi pulse is urgent and wiry, it indicates severe Wind pathogenic factors invading the Shaoyin meridian, causing women to leak red leukorrhea. In cases of leaking red leukorrhea where daily blood loss amounts to several dou, a rapid pulse indicates death, while a slow pulse indicates survival. If both the Cun and Chi pulses are deficient, it signifies leaking blood; if the pulse for leaking blood is floating, it is incurable.

The *Ji Yao* states: Red leukorrhea indicates Heat entering the Small Intestine; white leukorrhea indicates Heat entering the Large Intestine. The root cause is excessive Heat accumulating and stagnating in the vessels without dispersing, thus forming red and white leukorrhea. "Yuan" refers to grievance, and "Jie" refers to knotting; stagnation and pathological Heat fail to dissipate. First, administer Shizao Tang to purge downward, then take Kulian Wan, taken down with Daxu Hu San. Once Heat is removed and Dampness eliminated, the disease naturally resolves.

Commentary: This section discusses only excess syndromes; detailed discussions appear later.

The *Liang Fang Lun* states: Leukorrhea originates from injuries caused by Wind pathogenic factors, Cold, and Heat, or from failing to avoid Wind pathogenic factors upon rising early after childbirth. Wind Qi enters the Bao Men (uterine gate) or invades the meridians, circulating through the Zang-Fu organs to manifest as bleeding, named leukorrhea. If the Foot Jueyin Liver meridian is injured, the color is green like mud; if the Hand Shaoyin Heart meridian is injured, the color is red like red fluid; if the Hand Taiyin Lung meridian is injured, the color is white and shaped like nasal mucus; if the Foot Taiyin Spleen meridian is injured, the color is yellow like rotten melon; if the Foot Shaoyin Kidney meridian is injured, the color is black like clotted blood. These are the causes.

Commentary: This text suggests that injuries from Wind, Cold, and Heat affecting various Zang-Fu organs cause the condition, implying external pathogens. Generally, this condition often stems from Yin Deficiency and Yang Exhaustion, where Ying Qi fails to ascend, meridians become congealed and sluggish, Wei Qi sinks downward, and Essence-Qi accumulates and stagnates in the Lower Jiao and the extraordinary meridians, accumulating to form the disease. It may also be caused by overeating and drinking, sexual fatigue, or taking drying agents. The white substance resembles mucus, hence the term "Dai" (belt) also describes the disease form. The classics state that the Dai Mai (Girdle Vessel) being diseased gives the condition its name, with white belonging to Qi and red belonging to Blood. Dong Yuan cites the *Mai Jue* stating: Long-standing Bing Zhong (sudden heavy uterine bleeding) becomes Dai Bai (white leukorrhea). What is called Bing Zhong begins as blood metrorrhagia; over time, blood becomes scarce, leading to the loss of Yang, causing white and slippery substances to flow continuously downwards. This shows that one cannot strictly adhere solely to the Dai Mai theory. Detailed pathology also includes Damp-Phlegm flowing into the Lower Jiao, or excessive Dampness from Kidney and Liver Yin excess, or Wood overacting on Earth due to fright, causing turbid fluids to flow downward, or longing leading to Sinew Withering, as mentioned in the *Nei Jing*: "Two Yang syndromes originate from Heart and Spleen." Or damp-heat from other meridians stagnates in the lower abdomen. Although the root causes in the lower abdomen differ, they all result from Qi and Blood deficiency, with accumulation and stagnation of Ying and Wei Essence-Qi, sharing the same branch manifestations. Predecessors have exhaustively discussed theories, but treatment methods vary according to the pathogenesis. For instance, if Dai Xia presents with slippery, large, and forceful pulses in both hands, Dai Ren uses Xuan agents to remove Phlegm-Fluids, Daoshui Wan to drain Damp-Heat downward, followed by bland diuretic agents to leach it out; this is a method of draining excess. If pulses are micro-fine, or deep-tight and choppy, empty upon pressure, or large-rapid and choppy, powerless upon pressure, it indicates insufficient Original Qi, Yin Deficiency with Sinew Withering, extreme Deficiency with Middle Cold, etc. Dong Yuan employs examples such as Bu Yang, Tiao Jing, and Gu Zhen, addressing deficiency. Dan Xi treated cases of Damp-Phlegm sinking downward using Hai Shi, Nan Xing, Chun Gen Pi, etc. This differs from predecessors who used purgatives followed by emetics to raise Qi, or sweating combined with tonification, tonification combined with draining, drying combined with ascending, moistening combined with benefiting Qi, warming combined with astringency. This is because pathogenesis varies in severity, lightness, superficiality, and depth.