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The *Baoming Ji* states: In cases of jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), there are six types. The first is Jaundice due to Blood Stasis (蓄血发黄): pathogenic heat transmits to the root of the Taiyang channel, urination becomes scanty and yellow initially, the patient suddenly becomes manic, and blood stasis exists internally; this is Taiyang Jaundice, which is the primary disease. The second is Damp-Heat Jaundice (湿热发黄), involving the roots of the Taiyin and Yangming channels, characterized by difficult urination. The third is Wind-Damp-Heat Jaundice (风湿热发黄), involving the Shaoyang channel. The fourth is Cold-Damp Jaundice (寒湿发黄), involving the Taiyin and Shaoyang channels. The fifth is Juxiong (Chest Binding) Jaundice (结胸发黄), caused by premature purgation and associated with the Taiyang channel. The sixth is Piqi (Stagnant Qi) Jaundice (痞气发黄), associated with the Taiyin channel. For these six types, treatment should be based on the pulse and symptoms, distinguishing between the root and branch. Generally, jaundice is discussed in terms of the Taiyin and Yangming channels because the Spleen and Stomach both belong to Earth. Therefore, when yellow color appears, it should be attributed to Spleen pathology; the color of the Spleen is yellow, and Earth qi generates dampness. Without damp-toxin, how could jaundice occur?

Han He stated: If a patient takes excessive purgatives three or five days after onset, it weakens the Spleen and Stomach and depletes body fluids. Thirst leads to drinking water or liquids. The Spleen Earth is then invaded by Yin-dampness, which combines with pathogenic heat to cause jaundice; this is Yin-Jaundice (阴黄) and should be treated with warm medicines. Signs include deep, fine, and slow pulses in both hands, cold extremities, gooseflesh on the skin, vomiting, coating on the tongue, generalized yellowing of the body, irritability, and a desire to lie in mud or water. Urine is scanty and red. These are all signs of Yin patterns. Therefore, Yin-Jaundice is often treated by warming with hot decoctions, such as applying hot wet cloths to the chest and abdomen, or sitting over a ladle filled with hot water to fumigate the area below the umbilicus. Many such cases have been cured. For example, I treated Zhao Xianzong who suffered from Shanghan (Cold Damage) for six or seven days. Due to excessive purgation, he developed jaundice. His pulse was deep, fine, slow, and forceless; his skin was cool; he was irritable and desired to lie in mud; he had panting and vomiting; and his urine was red and difficult to pass. Initially, Yinchin Jupi Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae and Tangerine Peel Decoction) was administered, stopping the panting and vomiting. Then, Xiao Yinchin Tang (Minor Artemisiae Scopariae Decoction), half a dose, was given. The pulse became slightly palpable, and the desire to lie in mud ceased. The next day, Yinchin Fuzi Tang (Artemisiae Scopariae and Aconite Decoction), half a dose, was given. His limbs became warm, he passed two or three sheng of urine, and at noon that day, he sweated profusely and recovered. Such cures are numerous and not recorded one by one. Generally, in Shanghan jaundice, if excessive purgation is used during years governed by the Taiyang or Taiyin celestial stems, it often transforms into Yin-Jaundice. This is because in Chen-Xu years, Taiyang Cold-Water governs, and Water invades Earth; in Chou-Wei years, Taiyin Damp-Earth governs, Earth qi is insufficient meaning the Spleen and Stomach are weak, and Water still invades, frequently leading to this condition.

Commentary: The above discussion on Yin and Yang patterns of jaundice in Shanghan covers the subject exhaustively. Generally, due to differences in constitution, Qi deficiency or excess, and the nature of the contracted pathogen, there are contraindications for diaphoresis, purgation, and warming treatments, unlike miscellaneous diseases. My teacher, Mr. Danxi, said that jaundice resembles the fermentation of Qu (yeast). Damp-heat varies in severity, and causes differ regarding accompanying heat, accompanying cold, or blood stasis. Therefore, treatment principles must be clearly distinguished.