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Heart, Small Intestine, Liver, Gallbladder, Spleen, Stomach, Lung, Large Intestine.
[Internal Landscape Full Diagram]
[Dorsal View of Zang-Fu Organs Full Diagram]

The Classics state: The Heart is the Sovereign Official, from which Spirit (Shen) emerges.
It is also said: The Heart means "awake" or "clear." This implies that when Heart Qi is vigorous, it remains clear and functions to manifest its Spirit.
The *Yan* text states: The Heart means "deep." This signifies that the Heart resides in a high and dignified position, with Ministerial Fire (Xiang Huo) acting on its behalf.
It is further stated: Its external connection is with the vessels; its flourishing aspect is shown in the complexion. It opens into the tongue.
The *Nan Jing* (Classic of Difficult Issues) states: The heart weighs twelve taels, contains seven apertures and three hairs, holds three he of essence fluid, and primarily stores the Spirit (Shen).
[Frontal View of Fu Organs Full Diagram]

It is also said: The heart is pointed and round in shape, resembling the stamen of a lotus. It contains apertures, varying in number, which guide the Tianzhen (Heavenly True) Qi. There are no apertures leading downward, but it connects upward to the tongue. The heart has four ligaments connecting to the other four Zang organs. Outside the heart, there is red-yellow fatty tissue wrapping it, known as the Pericardium (Xin Bao Luo); below the heart lies the diaphragm, attached around the spine and ribs, shielding turbid Qi from ascending to fumigate the Heart and Lungs.
The Classics state: The Hand-Shaoyin Meridian belongs to the Heart.
It is also said: The Hand-Shaoyin Heart Meridian typically has less blood and more Qi.
It is also said: At Wu hour (11 am - 1 pm), Qi and Blood flow into the Heart.
The *Huang Ting Jing* (Yellow Court Classic) states: The spirit within the human body is named Heart Spirit (Xin Shen), with the courtesy name Dan Yuan and pseudonym Shou Ling.
The *Ling Shu* (Spiritual Pivot) states: The tongue is the organ of the Heart. In cases of Heart disease, the tongue may be curled and short, and the cheekbones may appear red.
[Heart Diagram]

It is also said: The Heart is located below the Lungs and above the Liver.
It is also said: In Heaven, it corresponds to Heat; on Earth, to Fire; in Humans, to the Heart; in Seasons, to Summer; in Directions, to South; in Colors, to Red; and it opens into the tongue.
The Classics state: The South corresponds to Fire, which is the cause of the flourishing growth of all things.
It is also said: The Zhen Qi of the Zang organs connects to the Heart. The Heart stores Blood, which is the Qi of the vessels. Wood of the Liver is the Mother, Earth of the Spleen is the Child, the Small Intestine is the Fu organ, it overcomes Metal, and governs Blood. Prolonged visual strain injures Blood. The Heart governs the storage of Spirit. Its element is Fire, its associated animal is the Sheep (or Horse), its trigram is Li (Fire), its virtue is Propriety (Li), its flourishing aspect is the face, its correspondence to the four seasons places it at the Yinghuo Star (Mars). Its pathology lies in the vessels. Its musical note is Zhi (Zhi means stopping; things stop when they reach fullness). Its number is Seven. Its odor is Scorched. Its vocalization is Speech. Its breath is He. Its充盈 substance is Blood. Its fluid is Sweat. Its taste is Bitter. Externally it corresponds to the palms. Its color is Red, but should resemble silk wrapping cinnabar, not dark red like hematite.
The *Ling Shu* states: The Heart corresponds to the vessels. Those with thick skin have thick vessels; those with thick vessels have thick small intestines. Furthermore, the Heart governs Heat; Heat easily injures the Heart. Pathologies mainly present as fright-heat, and chickenpox presents with red spots. If one worries and ponders excessively, the Heart is injured. If Cold Qi prevails, disease occurs. Symptoms include a red face, propensity to laugh, mental restlessness, hot palms, dry mouth, staring with eyes open and delirious speech, and pulsation above the navel. In Heart Excess patterns, there is Qi rushing upward, grinding teeth, dry mouth, laughter, body heat, bleeding from nose or mouth, pain and fullness in the hypochondrium, chest, and back, or crying, wailing, and convulsions. In Heart Deficiency patterns, there is mental confusion, frequent fright, melancholy, irritability, lack of luster, cough, stiff tongue, and soreness/pain in the waist and back. If Heart Qi is exhausted, there is head shaking and fixed staring, and the form appears smoked/dark. Exhaustion of Heart Qi leads to death within one day. In normal pulse conditions, the pulse is prosperous for seventy-two days in summer, appearing Hong (Surging) and Huan (Relaxed). A Hong pulse is floating, large, and scattered, coming rapidly and departing slowly. Its thief pulse is Chen (Deep) and Ru (Soggy) and Wei (Fine), which is contrary to a black complexion. Its critical pulse is Gou (Hook-like), feeling like holding a belt hook.
It is also said: The Heart governs Summer. Its heavenly stems are Bing and Ding. The South generates Heat, Heat generates Fire, Fire generates the Bitter taste, Bitter taste generates the Heart. The Heart is the root of life and the transformation of Spirit. It is the Supreme Yang within the Yang, connecting with Summer Qi.
It is also said: Its movement manifests as Worry. Its sound is Laughter. Its insect category is Feathered insects. Its fruit is Apricot. Its vegetable is Scallion (Xie).
The *Xian Jing* (Immortal Classic) states: There are three Dantians. The Brain is the Sea of Marrow, the Upper Dantian. The Heart is the Crimson Palace, the Middle Dantian. Three cun below the navel is the Lower Dantian. The Lower Dantian is the Fu organ storing Essence. The Middle Dantian is the Fu organ storing Spirit. The Upper Dantian is the Fu organ storing Qi.
Taiyi Zhenren says: Reduce thinking to nourish Heart Qi; eat bland flavors to nourish Blood Qi.
The *Zhen Gao* states: The face is the courtyard of Spirit. Hair is the flower of the Brain. Worry in the Heart makes the face sorrowful; depletion of Brain Qi turns hair white.
The *Hui Chun* states: The Heart is the master of the body, a pure and clear residence. It is wrapped externally by the Pericardium. The gathering of its essence and brilliance is called Spirit, which understands Yin and Yang, perceives minute details, and remains unconfused.
Shaozi says: Spirit is governed by the Heart, Qi by the Kidney, Form by the Head. When Form and Qi intersect, Spirit presides within them; this is the Way of the Three Powers (Heaven, Earth, Human).
The *Nei Jing* (Inner Canon) states: The highest level is nourishing Spirit, followed by nourishing Form. Therefore, one who nourishes Spirit must know the fatness or thinness of the form, and the prosperity or decline of Ying and Wei Qi and Blood. Blood and Qi are the Spirit of humans and must be carefully nourished. (Note: If Spirit is peaceful, longevity extends; if Spirit departs, the body perishes. Thus, it must be carefully nourished.)
It is also said: Heaven feeds humans with Five Qi, and Earth feeds humans with Five Flavors. Five Qi enter through the nose and are stored in the Heart and Lungs, causing the five colors to become bright and the voice to be distinct. Five Flavors enter the mouth, are stored in the stomach and intestines, and their stored flavors nourish the Five Qi. When Qi harmonizes, body fluids are generated and complete each other, and Spirit arises naturally.
Yaoxian says: The Heart is the residence of Spirit. Though hollow inside and not exceeding an inch in diameter, Spirit resides there. The slipperiness of worldly affairs is like untangling chaos, like wading through stormy waves. One may feel fear, receive punishment, or experience joy and anger. If thoughts arise continuously within a day or even an instant, this inch-sized space burns like fire. If desires begin to sprout, it is already negative. Returning to the source and not accepting these thoughts is competing with the innate conscience. All emotions and desires arising in the Heart are thus. Hence, a quiet Heart can connect with Spirit, knowing beforehand before events occur. This is knowing the world without leaving the door, seeing the Heavenly Dao without peeking out the window. Essentially, the Heart is like water stirred up; after a long time, it clears, revealing the bottom. This is called Spiritual Clarity, suitable for stillness. Stillness can consolidate Yuan Qi, preventing all diseases, thus ensuring longevity. If a single thought arises, Spirit flies outward, Qi scatters inward, Blood follows Qi, Ying and Wei become confused, and hundred diseases attack each other. All arise from the Heart. Generally, tranquil cultivation of the Heavenly Lord (Heart) prevents disease; this is the method of treating the Heart.
The *Nei Jing* states: The Heart stores Spirit. If Spirit is excessive, one laughs incessantly; if Spirit is deficient, one feels sad. (Note: The Heart stores vessels, and vessels house Spirit. Heart Qi deficiency causes sadness; excess causes incessant laughter.)
Huangfu Shi'an (Huangfu Mi) says: Heart deficiency causes sadness, and sadness leads to worry. Heart excess causes laughter, and laughter leads to joy.
The Classics state: Spirit is the transformation and formation of Essence and Qi.
It is also said: The Five Zang store Seven Spirits. (The Heart stores Spirit, the Lung stores Po, the Liver stores Hun, the Spleen stores Yi, the Kidney stores Zhi. Also said: The Spleen stores Yi and Zhi, the Kidney stores Jing and Zhi. These are called the Seven Spirits.)
It is also said: The Heart's emotion is Joy. Joy injures the Heart, and Fear overcomes Joy.
It is also said: Violent Joy injures Yang.
It is also said: Joy and Anger injure Qi.
It is also said: Unregulated Joy and Anger, and excessive exposure to Cold and Heat, make life unstable.
It is also said: Joy causes Qi to relax. (Because Joy makes Qi harmonious and will reached, Ying and Wei flow freely, so Qi relaxes.)
Huangfu Mi says: Joy originates in the Heart and completes in the Lung; thus, excess injures both organs.
The *Ling Shu* states: Excessive joy causes Spirit to scatter and fail to be stored.
Danxi says: For Joy injuring the Heart, use Fear to overcome it and Anger to resolve it.
The Classics state: Those who possess Spirit prosper; those who lose Spirit perish. (Losing Spirit refers to losing spiritual clarity and becoming confused.)
The *Ling Shu* states: Heart Qi connects to the tongue. When the Heart is harmonious, the tongue can perceive the five flavors. (The Five Zang should internally connect to the seven orifices above.)
It is also said: If the Five Zang are disharmonious, the seven orifices (seven, or nine in some texts) do not open. If the Six Fu organs are disharmonious, stagnation forms abscesses.
Qibo says: Sorrow, Worry, Fear, and Fright injure the Heart.
The *Nan Jing* states: Worry, Sorrow, Thinking, and Deliberation injure the Heart.
It is also said: Evil pathogens lodging causing instability of Hun and Po are due to scanty Blood and Qi. Scanty Blood and Qi belong to the Heart. People with Heart Qi deficiency are often fearful, wish to close their eyes and sleep, dream of traveling far, with Spirit and Soul scattering and wandering erratically. Yin Qi exhaustion leads to Dian (epilepsy/depression-type), and Yang Qi exhaustion leads to Kuang (mania).
Zhongjing (Zhang Zhongjing) says: In cases of Heart injury, the person is fatigued and weary, with a red head and face and heavy lower body, painful sensation in the heart region, self-perceived vexation, fever, pulsation above the navel, and a Xian (Wiry) pulse. This is caused by Heart injury.
The *Ling Shu* states: When evil lodges in the Heart, disease presents as Heart pain, propensity to weep, and occasional dizziness/collapse.
It is also said: Heart Excess presents as pain in the chest, fullness and pain in the flanks and under the ribs, pain between the chest, back, and shoulder blades, and pain in the inner arms. Heart Deficiency presents as distension of the chest and abdomen, and pulling pain from the flanks to the waist.
It is also said: When Kidney disease transmits to the Heart, the pathology is tendon and vessel contraction and urgency, named Chi Zhang (spasms/convulsions).
The Classics state: Heart Heat presents as a red complexion and overflowing collateral vessels.
The *Nan Jing* states: External signs include a red face, dry mouth, and propensity to laugh. Internal signs include pulsation above the navel, hardness and pain upon pressure. The disease involves mental vexation, Heart pain, and hot palms. Having these indicates Heart disease; lacking them indicates otherwise.
The *Ru Men* states: Amnesia, forgetfulness, fright palpitations, and internal restlessness/discontent are all due to scanty Heart Blood.
The *Nei Jing* states: Withering of the large bones, sinking of the large muscles, fullness of Qi in the chest, difficult breathing, internal pain radiating to the shoulders and neck, death within one month, appearance of the True Zang pulse, then set a date for death. (Note: This indicates the collapse of the Heart. Death occurs within thirty days after the date.)
It is also said: Diseases of the Heart heal in Late Summer. If not healed in Late Summer, they worsen in Winter. If not dying in Winter, they persist in Spring, and recover in Summer.
It is also said: Heart diseases heal on Wu and Ji days. If not healed on Wu and Ji days, they worsen on Ren and Gui days. If not dying on Ren and Gui days, they persist on Jia and Yi days, and recover on Bing and Ding days.
It is also said: Patients are lucid at noon, worse at midnight, and calm at dawn.
Huangdi asked: Why do some people have epilepsy from birth? What is the disease name? How is it acquired? Qibo answered: The disease is prenatal. It is acquired in the womb. If the mother experiences great fright, Qi ascends and does not descend, Essence and Qi congregate, causing the child to develop epilepsy.
It is also said: Jue transforming into epilepsy.
It is also said: Evil attacking Yang leads to epilepsy.
The *Zi Sheng Pian* states: Wind-dizziness arises from Heart Qi deficiency, accumulation of Heat in the upper chest. Real Phlegm-Heat interacts and generates Wind. Wind and Heart confuse each other, leading to dizziness and clouding, hence called Wind-Dizziness.
It is also said: Phlegm between the diaphragm causes mild dizziness without collapse. Phlegm overflowing above the diaphragm causes severe dizziness, collapse to the ground, and loss of consciousness, named Dian-Xian (Epilepsy).
It is also said: Collapse and unconsciousness are all due to evil Qi reversing upward to the Yang portion and disturbing the head. Dian-Xian is Phlegm-Evil reversing upward. Phlegm-Evil reversing upward disturbs Qi in the head. Disturbed Qi in the head blocks the meridians and orifices, so the ears do not hear, the eyes do not recognize people, leading to dizziness and collapse. Since the disease is at the vertex, it is called Dian Ji.
The *Ben Cao Gang Mu* states: There are five types of Xian: Heart is Ma Xian (Horse Epilepsy), Liver is Ji Xian (Chicken Epilepsy), Spleen is Niu Xian (Ox Epilepsy), Lung is Yang Xian (Sheep Epilepsy), Kidney is Zhu Xian (Pig Epilepsy). They are named because the symptoms resemble these animals, but essentially they involve only Phlegm, Fire, and Fright.
It is also said: Dian is abnormality; the patient can speak normally. Xian is silent; the patient does not speak normally. Dian patients moan; severely, they stiffen, fall, and stare fixedly.