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The "Xuan Ming Wu Qi Lun" (Treatise on the Manifestation of the Five Qi) states: The diseases caused by the five qi: Abnormality of Heart qi manifests as belching, (This is like fire blazing upward, with smoke following the flame; the Heart does not accept filth, so it expels it through belching.) Abnormality of Lung qi manifests as cough, (This is like metal being firm and stiff, producing sound when struck; when pathogenic factors strike the Lung, a cough ensues.) Abnormality of Liver qi manifests as excessive talking, (This is like wood having spreading branches and distinct forms; speech expresses complex feelings, thus originating from the Liver.) Abnormality of Spleen qi manifests as frequent swallowing, (This is like earth's capacity to contain and include; things return inward, accepting all, thus manifesting as swallowing.) Abnormality of Kidney qi manifests as yawning and sneezing, (This is like water flowing downward while mist rises above; qi stagnates in the Stomach, causing yawning. When Taiyang qi is harmonious and fills the Heart, exiting through the nose causes sneezing.) Abnormality of Stomach qi manifests as rebellious qi, hiccup, and fear, (The Stomach is the sea of water and grain, with the Kidney acting as its gate; if the gate fails, qi rebels and ascends. As the Stomach contains food and drink and prefers cold, when cold and food clash, hiccup occurs. Excess cold triggers hiccup, while excess heat triggers fear. Why? Heat in the Stomach weakens Kidney qi, leading to fear.) Abnormality of the Large Intestine and Small Intestine manifests as diarrhea, and dysfunction of the Lower Jiao leads to fluid overflow, (The Large Intestine is the fu-organ of conduction, and the Small Intestine is the fu-organ of reception and transformation; if the qi of reception is deficient and conduction uncontrolled, diarrhea results. The Lower Jiao is where fluids are distributed; if qi is obstructed and cannot drain, it overflows into edema.) Dysfunction of the Bladder manifests as difficulty urinating (Lin syndrome), and lack of control manifests as enuresis, (The Bladder is the storage vessel for body fluids. However, if the Foot Sanjiao pulse is excess and constrains the Lower Jiao without allowing flow, urination is impossible; if the Foot Sanjiao pulse is deficient and fails to constrain the Lower Jiao, enuresis occurs.) Abnormality of the Gallbladder manifests as irritability, (The Gallbladder governs justice and decision-making, impartial and unbiased, with a rigid and decisive nature, thus manifesting as anger.) These are called the five diseases. The merging of the five essences: If essence merges into the Heart, there is joy, (Essence refers to the essence of Fire. When the Lung is deficient and Heart essence merges into it, joy ensues. The *Ling Shu* states: Unrestrained joy damages Po, which is the spirit of the Lung, indicating that Heart Fire merges into Lung Metal.) If essence merges into the Lung, there is sorrow, (When the Liver is deficient and Lung essence merges into it, sorrow ensues. The *Ling Shu* states: Sadness moving within damages Hun, which is the spirit of the Liver, indicating that Lung Metal merges into Liver Wood.) If essence merges into the Liver, there is worry, (When the Spleen is deficient and Liver essence merges into it, worry ensues. The *Ling Shu* states: Unresolved grief damages Yi, which is the spirit of the Spleen, indicating that Liver Wood merges into Spleen Earth.) If essence merges into the Spleen, there is apprehension, (When the Kidney is deficient and Spleen essence merges into it, apprehension ensues. The *Ling Shu* states: Unresolved fear damages Jing, which is the spirit of the Kidney, indicating that Spleen Earth merges into Kidney Water.) If essence merges into the Kidney, there is fear. (When the Heart is deficient and Kidney essence merges into it, fear ensues. The *Ling Shu* states: Fright and rumination damage Shen, which is governed by the Heart, indicating that Kidney Water merges into Heart Fire. Chuti refers to fright and terror; these all result from deficiency of righteous qi allowing conquering qi to merge.) These are called the five mergings, occurring when deficiency allows mutual merging. The five aversions of the Zang organs: The Heart abhors heat, (Heat causes vessels to ulcerate and turbidity.) The Lung abhors cold, (Cold causes qi stagnation.) The Liver abhors wind, (Wind causes tendons to become dry and tense.) The Spleen abhors dampness, (Dampness causes muscles to atrophy and swell.) The Kidney abhors dryness. (Dryness causes essence to exhaust.) These are called the five aversions. The prohibitions regarding the five flavors: Pungent flavor moves qi; those with qi disorders should not consume much pungent flavor; Salty flavor moves blood; those with blood disorders should not consume much salty flavor; (Salty flavor enters the Kidney first. Here it is said to move blood because the Kidney combines with the Sanjiao; although blood vessels belong to the Liver and Heart, they actually pass through the Middle Jiao pathway, so salty flavor enters and moves blood.) Bitter flavor moves to the bones; those with bone disorders should not consume much bitter flavor; (Bitter flavor moves to the Heart. Here it is said to move to bones because Water and Fire mutually assist, and bone qi connects to the Heart.) Sweet flavor moves to the flesh; those with flesh disorders should not consume much sweet flavor; Sour flavor moves to the sinews; those with sinew disorders should not consume much sour flavor. These are called the five prohibitions.

The onset sites of the five diseases: Yin diseases manifest in the bones; Yang diseases manifest in the blood vessels; Yin diseases manifest in the flesh; (Bone and flesh are Yin and static, so Yang qi follows them. Blood vessels are Yang and active, so Yin qi attacks them.) Yang diseases manifest in winter; Yin diseases manifest in summer. (Summer has abundant Yang qi, so Yin diseases manifest in summer; Winter has abundant Yin qi, so Yang diseases manifest in winter, each following the lesser aspect.) These are called the five manifestations. The disorder caused by the five pathogens: Pathogens entering Yang lead to mania; pathogens entering Yin lead to Bi syndrome; (Pathogens residing in Yang meridians cause intense heat in the four limbs, leading to mania. Pathogens entering Yin meridians cause stagnation and blockage in the six meridians, leading to Bi syndrome.) Pathogens clashing with Yang lead to Dian disease; (Pathogens internally clashing with Yang cause rapid blood flow, leading to diseases of the head vertex.) Pathogens clashing with Yin lead to aphonia; (Pathogens internally clashing with Yin cause cessation of qi flow, leading to aphonia and inability to speak.) Yang entering Yin leads to quietness; Yin emerging to Yang leads to anger. (Disease arises according to where the pathogen goes. 'Zhi' means to go.) These are called the five disorders. The injuries caused by the five labors: Prolonged viewing damages blood, (Labor affecting the Heart.) Prolonged lying down damages qi, (Labor affecting the Lung.) Prolonged sitting damages flesh, (Labor affecting the Spleen.) Prolonged standing damages bones, (Labor affecting the Kidney.) Prolonged walking damages sinews, (Labor affecting the Liver.) These are called the injuries caused by the five labors.