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The *Jingui Zhenyan Lun* (Treatise on the True Sayings of the Golden Cabinet) states: The pathogenic qi of spring causes disease in the head, (this corresponds to the Liver.) The pathogenic qi of summer causes disease in the zang organs, (this corresponds to the Heart.) The pathogenic qi of autumn causes disease in the shoulders and back, (this corresponds to the Lungs.) The pathogenic qi of winter causes disease in the four limbs. (Since the four limbs have less qi, cold pathogens easily injure them; depending on the pathogen received, that becomes the site of disease.) Essence is the root of the body. Therefore, those who preserve their essence will not suffer from warm diseases in spring. (In winter, essence and qi are stored and hidden, and yang qi does not rise recklessly, thus there are no warm diseases in spring.) From dawn to noon is the yang of heaven, which is yang within yang; from noon to dusk is the yang of heaven, which is yin within yang. (At noon, yang qi is at its peak, hence "yang within yang"; at dusk, yin qi becomes dominant, hence "yin within yang." Yang qi governs the day, so from dawn to dusk all belongs to the yang of heaven, yet within this period there are distinctions of yin and yang.) From nightfall to the crowing of the rooster is the yin of heaven, which is yin within yin; from the crowing of the rooster to dawn is the yin of heaven, which is yang within yin. (At the time of the rooster's crow, yang qi has not yet emerged, hence "the yin of heaven"; at dawn, yang qi has already risen, hence "yang within yin.") Humans also correspond to these patterns. When speaking of human yin and yang, the exterior is yang and the interior is yin. When speaking of the yin and yang of the human body, the back is yang and the abdomen is yin. When speaking of the yin and yang within the zang-fu organs, the zang organs are yin and the fu organs are yang. (Zang refers to the Five Spirit Zang organs; Fu refers to the Six Transformation Fu organs.) The Liver, Heart, Spleen, Lungs, and Kidneys—the five zang organs—are all yin. The Gallbladder, Stomach, Large Intestine, Small Intestine, Bladder, and Sanjiao—the six fu organs—are all yang. Therefore, the back is yang; among yang, the heart is yang within yang. (The Heart is a yang organ, located in the upper jiao; residing in a yang position with yang nature, it is called "yang within yang." The *Ling Shu* states: The Heart is a male organ. Male signifies yang.) The back is yang; among yang, the lungs are yin within yang. (The Lungs are a yin organ, located in the upper jiao; residing in a yang position with yin nature, it is called "yin within yang." The *Ling Shu* states: The Lungs are a female organ. Female signifies yin.) The abdomen is yin; among yin, the kidneys are yin within yin. (The Kidneys are a yin organ, located in the lower jiao; residing in a yin position with yin nature, it is called "yin within yin." The *Ling Shu* states: The Kidneys are a female organ. Female signifies yin.) The abdomen is yin; among yin, the liver is yang within yin. (The Liver is a yang organ, located in the middle jiao; residing in a yin position with yang nature, it is called "yang within yin." The *Ling Shu* states: The Liver is a male organ. Male signifies yang.) The abdomen is yin; among yin, the spleen is extreme yin within yin. (The Spleen is a yin organ, located in the middle jiao; possessing the nature of Taiyin residing in a yin position, it is called "extreme yin within yin." The *Ling Shu* states: The Spleen is a female organ. Female signifies yin.) These are all relationships of mutual correspondence between yin and yang, interior and exterior, inside and outside, and male and female, thus corresponding to the yin and yang of heaven. (Because their meteorological aspects interrelate, they can correspond upwardly to heaven.)