王叔和之次仲景论也,有义有例,各以类从,无可议者。成氏即用其本,故与《玉函经
》次
同。其六经六篇,又与《千金翼》次同。由晋而唐而宋,即此本、即此次也。何自明以来,
诸家竟以颠倒移易为能哉?夫成氏至八十岁始注此书,则见闻广、阅历深,宜其辨别之精若
此。然于脉证方药则当,而于章节义例则疏。如六经篇首,不注明太阳、阳明等之谓何?与
太阳诸症独举头项强痛、恶寒以为端,阳明诸症独举胃家实以为端之义云何?若《平脉法》
寸
口趺阳两脉迭举,经意自有所指,成则各分段随文以注之,使读者茫然不知其何谓。凡此皆
成氏之疏。欲穷经者,尚须参考《病源》、《千金》等书以自得之,勿墨守一家也。
人应乎天,天有元阳。元阳者升于春,春时阳半在下,阴半在上,阳气欲升而不能遽越
,当
旺而不能自如,则有雷霆以彰之。人应之,为事未遂,其志拂拂然,怒之象也。春应肝,故
肝为怒。怒生于恨,成于愤。恨而不已,为怨,为愠,为恚;愤而不已,为奋,为发,为自
强。
元阳者泄于夏,夏时盛阳在上,微阴在下,阳气盛满于己而若自得,轻易乎阴而不措意
,则
有炎暑以彰之。人应之,为事已遂,其志怡怡然,喜之象也。夏应心,故心为喜。喜生于盛
,成于玩。盛而不已,为舒缓,为惰,为安;玩而不已,为狎侮,为愎,为自足。
元阳者平于中央,此时阴阳和匀,既筹及于阳之胜,又预计夫阳之败,则反复以存其变
焉。
人应之,为思患而预防。又土为万物所归,和者偏者皆归之。春气温而极于季春,夏气热而
极于季夏,秋气凉而极于季秋,冬气寒而极于季冬,静观以持其常焉。人应之,为阅历多而
是非熟,二者思之象也。中央应脾,故脾为思。思生于先,成于后。先事而思,为慎,为戒
,为畏,为自虚;后事而思,为乐,为慕,为智,为自矜。二者皆思之所为,如是则劳矣,
故脾主劳。
元阳者收于秋,秋时阳半在上,阴半在下,阳气就衰而日受阴之剥,已退而日视阴之长
,则
有凄切之气以彰之。人应之,为事将败,其志殷殷然,忧之象也。秋应肺,故肺为忧。忧生
于虑,成于悔。虑而不已,为拘,为愁,为不安;悔而不已,为悲哀,为哭,为自咎。
元阳者藏于冬,冬时微阳在下,盛阴在上,阳气避阴之方张而不出,防阴之灭己而自惧
,于
是乎水冰地坼,寒风冽凛,而阳气惟不树声色以避之。人应之,为事已败,其志惕惕然,恐
之象也。冬应肾,故肾为恐。恐生于暇,成于怯。暇而不已,为退,为优游,为呻吟;怯而
不已,为愧,为伏,为自馁。
Wang Shuhe, in compiling Zhang Zhongjing's treatises, possessed both principle and method, classifying each according to its category, leaving nothing open to criticism. Cheng Wuji utilized this original text; therefore, its arrangement is identical to that of the *Yujing Jing* (Classic of Jade Box). The six chapters on the Six Channels are also arranged identically to those in the *Qianjin Yifang* (Supplement to the Thousand Golden Formulas). From the Jin Dynasty through the Tang and Song Dynasties, this was the version used and this was the order maintained. Why, since the Ming Dynasty, have various schools considered it a skill to invert and arbitrarily rearrange them? Mr. Cheng Wuji did not begin annotating this book until he was eighty years old; thus, his extensive knowledge and profound experience should have enabled him to distinguish matters with such precision. However, while he was accurate regarding pulse patterns, syndromes, formulas, and herbs, he was negligent regarding chapter structures, principles, and methods. For instance, at the beginning of the Six Channels chapters, he failed to clarify the meanings of Taiyang (Greater Yang), Yangming (Yang Brightness), etc. What is the rationale for singling out "stiffness and pain of the head and neck" and "aversion to cold" as the starting points for all Taiyang syndromes, and "fullness in the stomach/intestines" (Wei Jia Shi) as the starting point for all Yangming syndromes? In texts like the *Ping Mai Fa* (Methods for Assessing Pulses), where the Cun Kou (Radial Pulse) and Zu Yang pulses are alternately listed, the original intent of the classic naturally has specific references. Yet Cheng annotated each segment sequentially according to the text, leaving readers bewildered and unaware of the meaning. All these instances constitute Cheng's negligence. Those who wish to exhaustively understand the classics must still consult works such as the *Bing Yuan* (Source of Diseases) and *Qianjin* (Thousand Golden Formulas) to gain independent understanding, rather than adhering rigidly to a single school.
Humans correspond to Heaven, and Heaven possesses Original Yang (Yuan Yang). Original Yang ascends during Spring. In Spring, half of the Yang Qi is below and half of the Yin Qi is above. Yang Qi desires to ascend but cannot abruptly transcend; although it should be vigorous, it cannot move freely. Thus, thunder manifests to reveal it. Humans respond to this: when affairs are unfulfilled, one's will feels thwarted and agitated, which is the image of Anger (Nu). Spring corresponds to the Liver (Gan); therefore, the Liver governs Anger. Anger arises from resentment and matures into indignation. If resentment persists, it becomes grievance, irritation, or hatred; if indignation persists, it becomes exertion, eruption, or self-strengthening.
Original Yang dissipates during Summer. In Summer, abundant Yang Qi is above and slight Yin Qi is below. Yang Qi is full within itself and appears self-satisfied, treating Yin lightly without attention. Thus, intense heat manifests to reveal it. Humans respond to this: when affairs are fulfilled, one's will feels content and joyful, which is the image of Joy (Xi). Summer corresponds to the Heart (Xin); therefore, the Heart governs Joy. Joy arises from prosperity and matures into playfulness. If prosperity persists, it becomes relaxation, laziness, or ease; if playfulness persists, it becomes familiarity/disrespect, obstinacy, or self-satisfaction.
Original Yang is balanced in the Center (Central Earth/Long Summer). At this time, Yin and Yang are harmonious and even. One considers the excess of Yang and anticipates the decline of Yang, repeatedly preserving adaptability through change. Humans respond to this by contemplating potential disasters and preventing them. Furthermore, Earth is the destination for all things; both harmony and deviation return to it. Spring warmth peaks in late Spring; Summer heat peaks in late Summer; Autumn coolness peaks in late Autumn; Winter cold peaks in late Winter. One observes quietly to maintain constancy. Humans respond to this: having much experience, one is familiar with right and wrong. These two aspects are images of Thought (Si). The Center corresponds to the Spleen (Pi); therefore, the Spleen governs Thought. Thought arises before events and matures after events. Thinking before an event leads to caution, vigilance, fear, or self-humility; thinking after an event leads to pleasure, admiration, wisdom, or self-conceit. Both are functions of Thought; thus, it causes fatigue, so the Spleen governs exhaustion/labor.
Original Yang collects during Autumn. In Autumn, half of the Yang Qi is above and half of the Yin Qi is below. Yang Qi declines and is daily peeled away by Yin; having retreated, it watches Yin grow daily. Thus, a desolate and cutting Qi manifests to reveal it. Humans respond to this: when affairs are about to fail, one's will is earnest and heavy, which is the image of Worry/Sorrow (You). Autumn corresponds to the Lungs (Fei); therefore, the Lungs govern Worry. Worry arises from deliberation and matures into regret. If deliberation persists, it becomes constraint, melancholy, or unease; if regret persists, it becomes grief, weeping, or self-blame.
Original Yang stores during Winter. In Winter, slight Yang Qi is below and abundant Yin Qi is above. Yang Qi avoids moving while Yin is rising strongly and fears being extinguished by Yin. Consequently, water freezes and the earth cracks, and the wind is biting and cold. Yang Qi merely conceals its sounds and colors to avoid it. Humans respond to this: when affairs have already failed, one's will is vigilant and fearful, which is the image of Fear (Kong). Winter corresponds to the Kidneys (Shen); therefore, the Kidneys govern Fear. Fear arises from leisure and matures into timidity. If leisure persists, it becomes retreat, idleness, or groaning; if timidity persists, it becomes shame, submission, or self-deprecation.