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The ancients believed that cases where cold pathogenic factors were contracted in winter but did not manifest immediately, and instead manifested in spring upon encountering warm qi, as well as cases where non-seasonal warmth was contracted in winter without immediate manifestation, and later manifested in spring upon encountering warm qi, all belonged to "warmth" (Wen, a type of warm disease) originating from the Stomach. Therefore, Zhang Zhongjing preserved the theories from the *Suwen* (Basic Questions) and *Shanghan Lun* (Treatise on Cold Damage) regarding the transformation of cold into warmth, and also referred to abnormal warmth occurring in winter as "Winter Warmth" (Dong Wen). Since the term "Wen" implies accumulation or entrapment, although the accumulated pathogens differ, the state of accumulation is the same; thus, they are collectively termed "Warmth." The *Chao Yuan Fang* (Source Book of Pathogenesis and Symptoms) includes both warm disease syndromes and warm toxin syndromes, preserving both views, which demonstrates a deeper understanding than Zhang Zhongjing's. By this logic, summer heat should be treated similarly. Cases where summer heat is contracted in summer but does not manifest immediately, and instead manifests in autumn upon encountering wind pathogenic factors, as well as cases where non-seasonal cold is contracted in summer without immediate manifestation, and later manifests in autumn upon encountering wind, are all termed "Malaria" (Nue). Thus, the *Suwen·Mallun* mentions malaria caused by summer heat contraction in summer, and the *Shengqi Tongtian Lun* and *Jinkui Zhenyan* mention malaria caused by failure to sweat during summer heat followed by wind exposure in autumn. Since the term "Nue" implies tyranny or oppression, although the types of malaria differ, the oppressive nature is the same; thus, they are collectively termed "Malaria." Only Zhang Zhongjing specifically established his theory based on the character "Han" (Cold); therefore, he did not cover diseases resulting from immediate or delayed onset of summer heat in summer. Subsequent texts like the *Chao Yuan Fang* followed this precedent and did not further differentiate them. Spring governs warmth, so the nature of warmth is slow/gentle; being slow, the disease course is prolonged, thus presenting with high fever and a slow/weak pulse. Autumn governs wind, so the nature of malaria is violent/sudden; being sudden, the disease course is short, thus presenting with alternating chills and fever (paroxysms and remissions) and a tight/string-like pulse. Warmth diseases are suitable for purgative treatment; therefore, malaria is suitable for emetic treatment. Shuqi (used commonly for treating malaria) is analogous to Xiaoshi and Dahuang (used commonly for treating warmth diseases). It is only because warmth diseases occur in winter that their onset may have sequential overlaps, leading to combined sweating and purging treatments. This differs slightly from the combined emetic and purging treatments used for malaria!

In ancient times, it was said that there are three types of Warm Malaria (Wen Nue). The *Suwen·Mallun* discusses two types of Warm Malaria, and the *Chao Yuan Fang* summarizes them, suggesting that wind pathogenic factors are contracted in winter, cold qi hides in the bone marrow, and in spring, upon encountering intense summer heat or physical exertion, the pathogenic factor exits with sweat. Warm Malaria presents only with fever preceding chills, and never with chills preceding fever. Why is this? The classic states that encountering wind first and then cold causes fever preceding chills, while encountering cold first and then wind causes chills preceding fever. Intense summer heat is a seasonal climate factor and need not be enumerated separately; thus, only the sequence of wind and cold is listed, explaining why there is only the case of fever preceding chills. However, if one contracts severe summer heat in summer, causing the pores to open and sweat, and then encounters non-seasonal minor cold which hides in the pores and skin, and subsequently contracts wind in autumn, the resulting Warm Malaria can present with either fever preceding chills or chills preceding fever. Why? Because there are three contracting factors: summer heat, minor cold, and autumn wind. One should set aside the lighter factor and discuss the two heavier ones. If summer heat contraction is heavy and autumn wind is light, one sets aside wind and discusses summer heat and cold, resulting in malaria with fever preceding chills. If summer heat is light and autumn wind is heavy, one sets aside summer heat and discusses cold and wind, resulting in malaria with chills preceding fever. Furthermore, it distinguishes another type: suffering from Warm Malaria for six or seven days, exhibiting only heat, is this type. This refers to high fever without accompanying chills; hence the particle "Fu" is added to indicate a distinction from the main text. It does not analyze winter versus summer because high fever occurs in both seasons. This constitutes the third type alongside fever-then-chills and chills-then-fever. Generally, those originating from winter are now called Spring Warmth (Chun Wen); those originating from summer are now called Hidden Summer Heat (Fu Shu). Since the ancients collectively termed them Warm Malaria, the herbs in materia medica used to treat Warm Malaria are clearly used for treating Spring Warmth and Hidden Summer Heat. The Baihu Jia Guizhi Tang syndrome in the *Jinkui Yaolue* precisely fits this category. Additionally, in the *Shanghan Lun*, cases where the pulse is tight at both yin and yang positions involve re-contracting cold, transforming into Warm Malaria. This means contracting cold in winter, and after the Spring Equinox, contracting epidemic cold again; since both exposures are cold, it shares the same principle as Mulie (Oyster Malaria), which involves excessive cold. Therefore, the note under the Shuqi San formula in the *Jinkui Yaolue* stating "add Shuqi for Warm Malaria" likely refers to this. By bypassing the external obstruction, one cuts off the pathway of progressive invasion; thus, the common saying that Shuqi stops malaria is perhaps misleading due to literal interpretation. As for the Baihu Jia Guizhi Tang formula, it naturally treats Warm Malaria arising from Spring Warmth or Hidden Summer Heat, unrelated to Warm Malaria caused by re-contracting cold. Hence, its therapeutic method aligns with Shanghan (Cold Damage) principles, differing from general Malaria treatment methods.