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Ye Tianshi treated malaria without using Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix), and Xu Lingtai criticized this approach. Those who defended Ye explained: "Chaihu is used to treat Zheng Malaria (typical malaria) of the Shaoyang syndrome in Shanghan (Cold Damage), but it is not used for autumnal alternating chills and fever that resemble malaria." I responded: No, that is incorrect. The *Suwen: Malu Lun* (Treatise on Malaria in the Basic Questions) begins with summer injury by heat-pathogen, with other types of malaria attached thereto; thus, autumnal alternating chills and fever constitute Zheng Malaria, as explicitly stated in the classics. Both the *Zhubing Yuanhou Lun* (General Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of All Diseases) and the *Qianjin Fang* (Essential Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold) base their theories on these classics. The *Waitai Miyao* (Secret Essentials of the Outer Cabinet), while listing the theories from the *Zhubing Yuanhou Lun*, collected no fewer than a thousand prescriptions, rarely using Chaihu. This shows that while it is correct to say that autumnal alternating chills and fever do not use Chaihu, it is incorrect to label them as Lei Malaria (malaria-like conditions). Zhang Zhongjing explicitly stated in the Shaoyang chapter: "alternating chills and fever, appearance resembling malaria." The phrase "resembling malaria" precisely refers to Lei Malaria. That Shaoyang syndromes manifest as Lei Malaria comes directly from Zhang Zhongjing himself; how can one now mistakenly identify them as Zheng Malaria? However, other physicians erred only in syndrome differentiation, whereas Xu Lingtai erred in both syndrome differentiation and treatment. Why is this so? In Shanghan, pathogens enter from the exterior, lacking a root in the interior; lifting with Chaihu allows the pathogen to exit. In diseases of summer and autumn, new coolness resides on the exterior while latent heat accumulates in the interior, possessing an internal root. If lifted with Chaihu, although the exterior pathogen may be resolved, the internal heat will rise, surging uncontrollably, often leading to deafness, red eyes, delirious speech, mental confusion, profuse sweating, and physical emaciation, eventually becoming incurable. Therefore, one must regard Xu's statements as supporting absurd arguments. Alas! This is merely an investigation into ancient teachings.

The Five Shi (Corpse-attacking), Five Zhu (Peripatetic), Five Gan (Emaciation), and Five Zheng (Steaming) are the four major severe conditions among miscellaneous diseases. Zhang Zhongjing’s *Shanghan Lun* first mentioned "Zheng Zheng" (steaming fever); the *Jingui Yaolue*’s discussion of Hu Huo (Fox Confusion) actually initiated the discourse on Gan syndromes; Zou Ma Tang (Running Horse Decoction) treats Fei Shi (Flying Corpse), and Ta Gan San (Badger Liver Powder) treats Leng Zhu (Cold Peripatetic), thereby roughly outlining the framework. It was not until the *Zhubing Yuanhou Lun*, *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* (Handbook of Prescriptions for Emergencies), *Qianjin Fang*, and *Waitai Miyao* that these theories were fully expounded, considered the most important responsibility of internal medicine specialists. Such content is rare in recent medical texts, not because these four conditions did not exist in recent times, but because physicians, upon encountering Shi Zhu, deceitfully labeled them as Liver Qi disorders; upon encountering Gan Zheng, deceitfully labeled them as Lao Bing (Consumption/Deficiency Fever). Having persisted for a long time, people ceased to pay attention, and thus they were not listed under specific names! Moreover, the terms "Shi Zhu" involve ominous connotations, and "Gan Zheng" appears only in pediatrics. To call these names to patients' families or apply them to robust adults would surely be shocking and terrifying! Ancient names are indeed difficult to restore, but one must know within the category of Liver Qi disorders that Shi and Zhu syndromes are mixed in; and within the category of Consumption, that Gan and Zheng syndromes are mixed in. By hiding the names but preserving the realities, clinical diagnosis becomes clear. As for the effective prescriptions of the ancients for treating these four conditions, they are indispensable preparations for great physicians.