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In general, differentiating symptoms requires seeking differences within similarities, such as the distinction between Fei (flaccidity syndrome) and Yin Pai (aphasia with flaccidity). The *Ling Shu* describes Fei in heat diseases: the body has no pain, the four limbs cannot be controlled or held, mental confusion is not severe. If speech is faint but understandable, it is treatable; if severe to the point of inability to speak, it is untreatable. Thus, the name "Fei" derives from the inability to control the limbs; inability to control implies dysfunction. The *Su Wen* (Chapter on Pulse Resolution) states: "Internal depletion and Jue (syncope/cold extremities) lead to Yin (aphasia) and Pai (flaccidity); this is Kidney deficiency." When Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) Qi does not reach, Jue occurs. The commentary notes: "Pai means dysfunction." The meridians of the Kidney run together with the Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) out of the Qichuan acupoint, along the medial aspect of the thigh, obliquely into the popliteal fossa, along the medial aspect of the tibia and behind the medial malleolus, entering the sole of the foot. Therefore, when Kidney Qi is internally depleted and fails to flow smoothly, the feet become dysfunctional. Consequently, both "Fei" and "Pai" are named based on "dysfunction." However, Fei involves swelling, whereas Yin Pai does not. Fei becomes untreatable when aphasia sets in, while Yin Pai takes aphasia as its primary characteristic; this serves as the distinction. Therefore, treatment for Fei uses Xuming Tang (Life-Continuing Decoction), while Yin Pai is suitable for Dihuang Yinzi (Rehmannia Mouth-Washing Decoction); the difference between tonification and purgation is vast. However, *Xuanming Fanglun* claims that Dihuang Yinzi treats stroke-induced aphagia and foot flaccidity, attributing this to insufficient Shaoyin Qi Jue, naming it Fengfei (Wind Fei). This confuses Fei and Pai, a confusion starting with Liu Hejian; the error of using Dihuang Yinzi indiscriminately for stroke also stems from Liu Hejian's conflation of Fei and Pai.

"Shaoyin Bu Zhi" (Shaoyin does not reach) refers to the absence of the Taixi pulse. Zhang Zhongjing originally described Shi Jue (Corpse-like Syncope) stating "Shaoyin pulse does not reach," basing this diagnostic method for Jue on the cessation of the Taixi pulse mentioned in the classic, hence saying "When Shaoyin does not reach, there is Jue." Liu Hejian's phrase "Shaoyin Qi Jue Bu Zhi" (Shaoyin Qi Jue does not reach) is particularly erroneous; Qi Jue implies the arrival of Qi in a reversed state, how can it be said to "not reach"?

There are two types of Dian (epilepsy/madness) in ancient texts: One is the Dian characterized by falling/prostration, referred to as Dian Ji (Dian Disease) in the *Ling Shu* and *Su Wen*. Wang Bing’s commentary identifies this as disease of the vertex (top of the head). It is contrasted with Kuang (mania), originating from the Foot-Taiyang Meridian, named "Dian Ji" referring to the vertex, which is treatable; only those acquired from fetal fright are difficult to treat. The second type is Dian characterized by mental confusion, referred to as "Chong Yin Dian" (Heavy Yin Dian) in the *Nan Jing* and "Yin Qi Shuai Wei Dian" (Yin Qi Deficiency leads to Dian) in the *Jin Gui Yao Lue*. Although also contrasted with Kuang, it is essentially severe Kuang, originating from the Heart and Liver organs, named simply "Dian" referring to erratic behavior/loss of control, which is absolutely untreatable. Later generations added the "bing" radical (疒) to both, making them indistinguishable, and rendering various book discussions incomprehensible. Only by distinguishing them clearly can they be understood separately. The *Ling Shu · Ben Shen* chapter states: "Unrestrained joy injures Po (Corporeal Soul); injury to Po leads to Kuang, where the patient disregards others. Sorrow moving the interior injures Hun (Ethereal Soul); injury to Hun leads to Kuangwang (mad forgetfulness) and lack of clarity, where the patient dares not behave normally." These two types of Kuang are different, so the text provides its own annotations. Those with injured Hun develop Dian, which is the basis for the *Jin Gui Yao Lue*. The *Su Wen · Tiao Jing Lun* states: "Blood pooling in Yin, Qi pooling in Yang, results in Jingkuang (Frightened Mania)." This type of Kuang is a general term. Blood pooling in Yin leads to Dian, which is the basis for the *Nan Jing*. I, Quan, have extensively examined and verified: Ancient Dian Ji is modern Xian (Epilepsy); ancient Dian is modern Chi (Imbecility/Mental Retardation). Adhering to this view prevents the assertion that ancient formulas/theories cannot treat modern diseases!