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"Dian" (epilepsy/sudden collapse) means to fall or prostrate. Whenever an object is heavy at the top and light at the bottom, it tends to topple; thus, when a person's Qi accumulates at the vertex of the head, they suffer from Dian. In the *Suwen* (Basic Questions), chapter "Mai Jie" (Explanation of Pulse Patterns), it states that the so-called Dian disease of the Taiyang (Greater Yang) channel occurs because Yang Qi has entirely gathered in the upper part, while Yin Qi follows from below, resulting in deficiency in the lower part and excess in the upper part, hence causing Dian disease. This shares the same meaning as the description in the *Juelun* (Treatise on Jue) regarding Jue of the Great Yang (Taiyang), which manifests as sudden collapse. This clearly indicates that Dian is interpreted as "Pu" (falling/prostrating). In the classic texts, Dian is written as "Dian" (vertex), hence annotations state that the top of the head is called "Dian". The ancient character did not have "Dian", only using "Dian"; later generations added the "disease" radical (bing zi tou) to write it as "Dian".

It is also sometimes abbreviated as "Xian" (pediatric epilepsy). The *Yupian* records: "Xian refers to convulsive diseases in children." Furthermore, based on the *Yupian*, it is known that Dian and Xian are essentially the same disease. The *Zhubing Yuanhou Lun* (Source Book of Diseases and Etiologies) also states that those over ten years old are called Dian, while those under ten are called Xian. Therefore, the distinction between the two characters lies in age. Under the formula Fengyin Tang in the *Jingui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet), it notes: "Treats adult Dian and pediatric Xian," which reflects this intent. Modern practitioners fail to understand this meaning, specifically attributing ancient wind-pathogen diseases to Dian, thereby distinguishing it from Zi Xian (maternal epilepsy). Clinging to modern nomenclature to inspect ancient texts, it is no wonder they claim that ancient formulas cannot treat modern diseases!

The *Ling Shu* (Spiritual Pivot), *Su Wen*, and *Shennong Bencao Jing* mention the terms "Wu Long" (Five Types of Obstruction) and "Long Bi" (Urinary Retention/Obstruction), but these terms do not appear in books by Zhang Zhongjing and subsequent authors. Examining Yang Shangshan’s annotation in the *Taisu* (Great Simplicity): "Long is Lin (stranguria)." From this, we know that Lin and Long are phonetic variations of the same word. In the *Classic of Poetry* (Shijing), poem "Huang Yi", the phrase "Yu Er Lin Chong" appears, whereas the *Han Shi* version writes it as "Yu Er Long Chong", which serves as definitive proof. The reason for equating Lin with Long is that Long is defined by "Ba" (fatigue/exhaustion). The *Book of Han* states: "Ministers suffer from fatigue and Long disease." The annotation explains: "Long refers to a disease of exhaustion." In the *Suwen*, the condition described as Long involves urinating dozens of times a day, indicating that the bladder's Qi transformation function has become exhausted; thus, the term is borrowed to convey this meaning. Modern scholars, unaware of this etymology, have split them into two distinct concepts. Xu Lingtai, in his work *Gui Fan* (Standard Track), lists "Long", "Bi", "Li", and "Lin" as separate categories, yet annotates himself: "Complete inability to urinate is called Long." One cannot help but sigh at the difficulty of correctly interpreting Chinese characters! Based on the character form, it should be written as "Ma" (numbness/pain). The *Shuowen Jiezi* classifies "Ma" under Shan (hernia-like disorders). Thus, the name "Ma" derives its meaning from abdominal pain, which is why Zhang Zhongjing also considers tightness and urgency in the lower abdomen, with pain radiating to the umbilicus, as the correct syndrome presentation. Later generations, observing symptoms of dribbling and incomplete voiding, borrowed the character "Lin" to describe it. This is detailed in Quan’s work *Zheng Yuan*.