气味辛、温，无毒。主破血，妇人月经不调，腹中结块，崩中淋露，产后诸血症，
血晕，暴血冲上，因损下血，煮酒或酒磨服。（《开宝》）
气味辛、温，无毒。主温中，消食止泄，治精冷，心腹胀痛，霍乱中恶，鬼气冷疰
，呕沫冷气，小儿乳霍。（《开宝》）
气味辛、温，无毒。主五劳七伤，风虚冷，骨髓伤败，肾冷精流，及妇人血气堕胎
。（《开宝》）
陈修园曰∶堕胎者，言其人素有堕胎之病，以此药治之，非谓以此药堕之也。上文主字，
直
贯至此。盖胎借脾气之长，借肾气之举，此药温补脾肾，所以大有固胎之功。数百年来，误
以黄芩为安胎之品，遂疑温药碍胎，见《开宝》有“堕胎”二字，遽以堕字不作病情解，另
作药功解，与上文不相连贯。李濒湖、汪 庵、叶天士辈因之，贻害千古。或问《本经》牛
膝本文，亦有“堕胎”二字，岂非以堕字作药功解乎？曰彼顶“逐血气”句来，唯其善逐，
所以善堕。古书错综变化，难与执一不通者道。
气味辛温，无毒。主积冷气，止吐逆反胃，消谷下气。（《开宝》）
气味辛、温、涩，无毒。主虚劳冷泻，宿食不消，赤白泄痢，腹中虚痛，下气。（
《开宝》）
气味苦、寒，无毒主血积，下气，生肌止血，破恶血，血淋，尿血，金疮。（《唐本
草》）
陈修园曰∶时医徇名有二误∶一曰生脉散，因其有生脉二字，每用之以救脉脱，入咽少
顷，
脉未生而人已死矣。一曰郁金，因其命名为郁，往往取治于气郁之症，数服之后，郁末解
，而血脱立至矣。医道不明，到处皆然，而江、浙、闽、粤尤其甚者。
Taste and nature: Acrid, warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats breaking blood (resolving blood stasis), irregular menstruation in women, abdominal masses, metrorrhagia and leukorrhea (heavy or prolonged vaginal bleeding outside of the menstrual period), various postpartum blood disorders, syncope due to blood loss (dizziness or fainting caused by excessive hemorrhage), sudden upward rushing of blood (sudden massive hematemesis or epistaxis), lower body bleeding due to trauma; decocted in wine or ground with wine for administration. (Kaibao Bencao)
Taste and nature: Acrid, warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats warming the middle jiao (warming the spleen and stomach), resolving food stagnation, stopping diarrhea, treating cold essence (clear and cold semen due to kidney yang deficiency), abdominal distension and pain, cholera-like syndrome with malignant qi (acute gastroenteritis accompanied by toxic symptoms), ghostly cold transmission diseases (ancient term for contagious cold diseases), vomiting of frothy saliva and cold qi, infantile milk cholera (cholera-like symptoms in infants due to improper breastfeeding). (Kaibao Bencao)
Taste and nature: Acrid, warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats five labors and seven injuries (various chronic deficiency syndromes), wind-cold deficiency, bone marrow damage and degeneration, cold kidneys with seminal emission (seminal emission due to kidney yang deficiency), and miscarriage in women due to disharmony of blood and qi. (Kaibao Bencao)
Chen Xiuyuan stated: The term "miscarriage" refers to a patient who has a history of habitual abortion, and this herb is used to treat that condition; it does not mean that this herb causes abortion. The word "primarily treats" above extends directly to this point. Generally, the fetus relies on the nourishing power of the spleen qi and the securing power of the kidney qi. This herb warms and tonifies the spleen and kidney, thus having great efficacy in stabilizing the fetus. For hundreds of years, people mistakenly believed that Huangqin (Scutellariae Radix) was an herb for calming the fetus, leading them to suspect that warm herbs hinder fetal development. Upon seeing the words "miscarriage" in Kaibao Bencao, they hastily interpreted "miscarry" not as a disease manifestation but as a drug effect, which disconnects it from the preceding context. Li Shizhen, Wang Ang, Ye Tianshi, and others followed this error, causing harm for generations. One might ask: The original text of Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix) in Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing also contains the words "miscarriage"; does this not interpret "miscarry" as a drug effect? The answer is: That follows the phrase "driving out blood and qi." Precisely because it is good at driving out blood and qi, it is good at causing miscarriage. Ancient texts have complex and varied meanings; one cannot discuss them with those who are rigid and inflexible.
Taste and nature: Acrid, warm, non-toxic. Primarily treats accumulated cold qi, stops regurgitation and reverse flow of stomach contents, promotes digestion and directs qi downward. (Kaibao Bencao)
Taste and nature: Acrid, warm, astringent, non-toxic. Primarily treats deficiency-related cold diarrhea, indigestion of retained food, dysentery with red and white discharge (pus and blood in stool), empty pain in the abdomen, and directing qi downward. (Kaibao Bencao)
Taste and nature: Bitter, cold, non-toxic. Primarily treats blood accumulation (blood stasis), directs qi downward, generates flesh, stops bleeding, breaks bad blood (severe blood stasis), bloody strangury (painful urination with blood), hematuria, and metal weapon wounds. (Tang Bencao)
Chen Xiuyuan stated: Contemporary physicians make two errors due to following names blindly: First, Shengmai San (Pulse-Generating Powder), because it contains the characters "Sheng Mai" (generate pulse), is often used to rescue pulse collapse (weak or imperceptible pulse). However, shortly after ingestion, the pulse has not regenerated, and the patient dies. Second, Yujin (Curcuma aromatica Rhizome), because its name contains "Yu" (depression/stagnation), is often taken to treat qi depression syndromes. After several doses, the qi depression remains unresolved, while blood depletion occurs immediately. The lack of understanding of medical principles is common everywhere, but it is particularly severe in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, and Guangdong provinces.