气味辛、温，无毒。主杀鬼精物，蛊毒恶风。久服益气力，长阴肥健。轻身增年
张隐庵曰∶赤箭气味辛温，其根名天麻者，气味甘平。盖赤箭辛温属金，金能制风，而
有弧矢之威，故主杀鬼精物。天麻甘平属土，土能胜湿，而居五运之中，故能治蛊毒恶风。
天麻形如芋魁，有游子十二枚周环之，以仿十二辰十二子，在外应六气之司天。天麻如皇极
之居中，得气运之全，故功同五芝，力倍五参，为仙家服食上品，是以久服益气力，长阴肥
健。
李时珍曰∶补益上药，天麻第一，世人止用之治风，良可惜也！
气味甘、寒，无毒。主气癃止痛，利水道，通小便，除湿痹。久服轻身耐老。
张隐庵曰∶车前草，《本经》名当道，《毛诗》名 苡。
乾坤有动静，夫坤其静也翕，其动也辟。车前好生道旁，虽牛马践踏不死，盖
得土气之用，动而不静者也。气癃，膀胱之气闭也；闭则痛，痛则水道不利；车前得土气之
用，土气行则水道亦行而不癃，不癃则不痛，而小便长矣。土气行则湿邪散，湿邪散则湿痹
自除矣。久服土气升而水气布，故能轻身耐老。
《神仙服食经》云∶“车前，雷之精也；震为雷为长男。”《诗》言∶“采采 苡”，
亦欲妊娠而生男也。
气味苦、甘、辛，无毒。主风寒所击，金疮止痛，奔豚，止痫痉，女子疝瘕。久
服轻身耐老。（一名独活。）
陈修园曰∶羌活气平，禀金气而入肺；味苦甘无毒，得火味而入心，得土味而入脾。其
主风寒所击者，入肺以御皮毛之风寒，入脾以御肌肉之风寒，入心助太阳之气以御营卫之风
寒也。其主金疮止痛者，亦和营卫长肌肉完皮毛之功也。奔豚乃水气上凌心火，此能入肺以
降其逆，补土以制其水，入心以扶心火之衰，所以主之。痫痉者，木动则生风，风动则挟木
势而害土，土病则聚液而成痰，痰迸于心则为痉、为痫；此物禀金气以制风，得土味而补脾
，得火味以宁心，所以主之。女子疝瘕，多经行后血假风湿而成，此能入肝以平风，入脾以
胜湿，入心而主宰血脉之流行，所以主之。久服轻身耐老者，着其扶阳之效也。
张隐庵曰∶此物生苗，一茎直上，有风不动，无风自动，故名独活。后人以独活而出于
西羌者，名羌活。出于中国处处有者，名独活。今观肆中所市，竟是二种。有云羌活主上，
独活主下，是不可解也。
Taste: Acrid, Warm. Non-toxic. Primarily treats killing ghostly essences and objects, gu poison, and aversion to wind. Long-term consumption boosts qi and strength, promotes yin growth, enhances physique, lightens the body, and increases longevity.
Zhang Yin'an stated: Chi Jian (Atractylodes Rhizome) has an acrid and warm taste. Its root is known as Tian Ma (Gastrodia Rhizome), which has a sweet and neutral taste. Generally, Chi Jian's acrid and warm nature belongs to Metal; Metal can control Wind and possesses the authority of bows and arrows, thus primarily treating the killing of ghostly essences and objects. Tian Ma's sweet and neutral nature belongs to Earth; Earth can overcome Dampness and resides in the center of the Five Movements, thus treating gu poison and aversion to wind. Tian Ma resembles taro tubers, with twelve offshoots surrounding it, imitating the Twelve Earthly Branches and Twelve Hours, corresponding externally to the Six Qi governing Heaven. Tian Ma is like the Supreme Pole residing in the center, obtaining the completeness of Qi and Movement, thus its efficacy is comparable to the Five Mushrooms, and its power is double that of the Five Ginsengs. It is a top-grade item for immortals' consumption, hence long-term use boosts qi and strength, promotes yin growth, and enhances physique.
Li Shizhen stated: Among tonifying superior drugs, Tian Ma is number one. The world only uses it to treat Wind, which is truly a pity!
Taste: Sweet, Cold. Non-toxic. Primarily treats Qi stagnation and pain, benefits water passages, facilitates urination, and dispels Damp Bi syndrome. Long-term consumption lightens the body and delays aging.
Zhang Yin'an stated: Che Qian Cao (Plantago Leaf), named Dang Dao in the *Shennong Bencao Jing* and Yi in the *Classic of Poetry*.
Heaven and Earth have movement and stillness. Earth's stillness gathers, and its movement opens. Che Qian Hao grows by roadsides; even if trampled by cattle and horses, it does not die, as it utilizes the Qi of Earth, being moving rather than still. Qi stagnation refers to the closure of Bladder Qi; closure causes pain, and pain leads to obstructed water passages. Che Qian utilizes the Qi of Earth; when Earth Qi moves, water passages also move without stagnation. Without stagnation, there is no pain, and urination becomes prolonged. When Earth Qi moves, Damp Evil dissipates; when Damp Evil dissipates, Damp Bi syndrome is naturally eliminated. Long-term consumption causes Earth Qi to rise and Water Qi to spread, thus lightening the body and delaying aging.
The *Shenxian Fushi Jing* states: "Che Qian is the essence of Thunder; Zhen represents Thunder and the Eldest Son." The *Poetry* says: "Gathering Yi," also implying the desire for pregnancy and bearing sons.
Taste: Bitter, Sweet, Acrid. Non-toxic. Primarily treats strikes by Wind-Cold, alleviates pain from metal wounds, Ban Tun (rushing pig), stops epilepsy and spasms, and treats women's hernia masses. Long-term consumption lightens the body and delays aging. (Also known as Du Huo.)
Chen Xiuyuan stated: Qiang Huo has a neutral Qi, inheriting Metal Qi to enter the Lung; its bitter and sweet taste, non-toxic, obtains Fire flavor to enter the Heart, and Earth flavor to enter the Spleen. Its primary treatment of strikes by Wind-Cold involves entering the Lung to defend against Wind-Cold in the skin and hair, entering the Spleen to defend against Wind-Cold in the muscles, and entering the Heart to assist Tai Yang Qi to defend against Wind-Cold in Ying and Wei. Its primary treatment of pain relief for metal wounds also lies in harmonizing Ying and Wei, promoting muscle growth, and completing the skin and hair. Ban Tun is Water Qi rushing up to overwhelm Heart Fire; this herb can enter the Lung to descend rebellion, tonify Earth to control Water, and enter the Heart to support the decline of Heart Fire, thus treating it. Epilepsy and spasms occur when Wood moves, generating Wind; Wind moves, carrying Wood's momentum to harm Earth. When Earth is diseased, fluids gather to form Phlegm; Phlegm surges into the Heart causing spasms and epilepsy. This herb inherits Metal Qi to control Wind, obtains Earth flavor to tonify the Spleen, and obtains Fire flavor to calm the Heart, thus treating it. Women's hernia masses are often formed after menstruation through blood borrowing Wind-Dampness; this herb can enter the Liver to calm Wind, enter the Spleen to overcome Dampness, and enter the Heart to govern the circulation of blood vessels, thus treating it. Long-term consumption lightening the body and delaying aging highlights its effect of supporting Yang.
Zhang Yin'an stated: This plant sprouts with a single stem rising straight up; it does not move with wind but moves without wind, hence named Du Huo. Later generations named those originating from Western Qiang as Qiang Huo. Those found everywhere in China were named Du Huo. Observing what is sold in markets today, they are actually two different species. Some say Qiang Huo treats the upper part and Du Huo treats the lower part, which is inexplicable.