味辛平。主风寒温疟。热气。诸痫。除邪。利大小便。一名解离。生川谷。
如葛延缘。水驱风障。辐解文分。茎通气壮。险健思防。敌仇善将。丁足腥闻。木强弗
尚。
李当之曰。其根如葛蔓延。陈藏器曰。治风用木防己。治水用汉防己。苏颂曰。破之文
作车
辐解。茎甚嫩。折其茎。一头吹之。气从中贯。如木通然。
李杲曰。防己如险健之人。首为乱阶。若善用之。亦可御敌。易。君子以思患而豫防之。
黄
庭
坚诗。不战者善将。雷 论。凡使。勿用黄腥皮皱有丁足者。书。腥闻在上。陶弘景曰。黑
点木强者不佳。
味辛温。主咳逆上气。善喘。喉痹。诸惊痫。寒热邪气。一名橐吾。一名颗冻。一
名虎须。一名兔奚。生山谷。
类形 茆。保质三冬。兔奚钻冻。蜂斗能容。丰肥萼直。茂悦冰封。阴蒸阳煦。心似寒
松。
陶弘景曰。其形如宿 。诗疏。茆江东人。谓之 。傅咸赋。独保质而全角。李时珍曰。
一
名钻冻。苏颂曰。十二月开花。黄青紫萼。初出如菊花。通直而肥。又有红花。叶如荷而斗
直。大者容一升。小者容数合。俗呼蜂斗叶。述征记。洛水款冬花。茂悦层冰之中。郭璞赞
。阳煦阴蒸。苏轼诗。知君心似后雕松。
味辛寒。主寒热。中风。螈 痉惊痫。邪气。除症坚。瘀血留舍肠胃。安五脏。疗痈
创。一名鹿韭。一名鼠妇。生山谷。
百两精金。丹延植盛。荆棘同俦。琅 是竞。艳思移姿。真香失性。枯燥形全。四经顺
令。
陶弘景曰。土人谓之百两金。李时珍曰。丹州延州以西。及褒斜道中最多。与荆棘无异。
其
根
入药最良。白居易诗。根本是琅 。苏颂曰。世人欲花之诡异。秋冬移接。培以壤土。至春
盛
开。其状百变。其根性殊失本真。不可入药。温庭筠诗。裁成艳思偏应巧。苏轼诗。真香亦
竟空。苏颂曰。山牡丹。茎梗枯燥。李时珍曰。治手足少阴厥阴四经伏火。
[Fangji (Stephaniae Tetrandrae Rhizoma)]
Pungent in flavor, neutral in nature. Primarily treats warm malaria caused by wind-cold, heat qi, and various epilepsy syndromes. It eliminates pathogenic factors and promotes the free flow of urination and defecation. Also known as Jielie. Grows in river valleys.
Its morphology resembles Pueraria lobata (Kudzu) in its climbing and spreading habit. The stem stands tall like a windbreak; the cross-sectional texture radiates like spokes of a wheel. The stem facilitates Qi circulation and is robust. Like a daring and capable person who prepares for danger, or a skilled general against enemies. The root has distinct tubercles and a fishy odor; those with hard, woody texture are not preferred.
Li Dangzhi stated: Its rhizome spreads like Kudzu. Chen Cangqi stated: For treating Wind disorders, use Mu Fangji (Stephania cephalantha); for treating Water retention, use Han Fangji (Stephania tetrandra). Su Song stated: When broken, the internal pattern resembles the spokes of a chariot wheel. The stem is very tender; if one end is broken and blown into, air passes through the center, similar to Tongseng (Akebiae Caulis).
Li Gao stated: Fangji is like a bold individual; if misused, it may become the cause of chaos, but if used skillfully, it can defend against enemies. The I Ching states: "The superior man contemplates potential disasters and takes precautions." Huang Tingjian's poem says: "He who does not fight is the best general." Lei Xiao in *Lei Gong Pao Zhi Lun* stated: When processing, do not use those that are wrinkled, have tubercles, and smell fishy. Texts note the fishy odor is prominent at the top. Tao Hongjing stated: Those with many black spots and hard wood are inferior.
[Kuandonghua (Farfarae Flos)]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. Primarily treats cough with rebellious Qi, frequent asthma, throat obstruction (Houbi), various convulsive epilepsy, and cold-heat pathogenic factors. Also known as Tuowu, Kedong, Huxu, and Tuxi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Its shape resembles water shield (Ottelia acuminata); it maintains its quality through three winters. Tuxi drills through frozen ice; the honeycomb-shaped flower head can accommodate the bloom. The calyx is plump and straight; lush and joyful amidst the ice cover. Yin steams, Yang warms; the heart resembles the pine tree that remains green after other trees have shed their leaves.
Tao Hongjing stated: Its shape resembles certain perennial herbs. The commentary on the *Classic of Poetry* notes that people in Jiangdong call it a specific herb. Fu Xian's ode states: "It alone preserves its integrity and keeps its horn-like bud." Li Shizhen stated: Another name is Zuandong. Su Song stated: It blooms in the twelfth lunar month; the calyx is yellow, green, or purple. Initially emerging like chrysanthemum flowers, it is straight and plump. There is also a red-flowered variety with leaves resembling lotus but standing upright. Large ones can hold one sheng, small ones several ge. Commonly called Fengdouye (Honeycomb Leaf). *Shuzheng Ji* records: Kuandonghua from the Luo River grows luxuriantly within layers of ice. Guo Pu's eulogy states: "Yang warms, Yin steams." Su Shi's poem says: "Knowing your heart is like the pine that withers last."
[Mudanpi (Moutan Cortex)]
Pungent in flavor, cold in nature. Primarily treats cold and heat, wind-stroke, spasms and convulsions, epilepsy, and pathogenic factors. It eliminates fixed masses (Zhengjian) and removes blood stasis lodged in the intestines and stomach. It calms the Five Viscera. It treats carbuncles and sores. Also known as Lijiu and Shufu. Grows in mountain valleys.
Like refined gold of a hundred taels; planted abundantly in Danzhou and Yanzhou. It competes among thorns and brambles, rivaling Langgan (mythical jade). Its beauty alters its form; its true fragrance loses its nature. The dried form remains intact, following the seasonal commands of the four meridians.
Tao Hongjing stated: Locals call it Bailiangjin (Hundred Taels of Gold). Li Shizhen stated: It is most abundant west of Danzhou and Yanzhou, and in the Baoxie Pass. It looks no different from thorns. Its root is the best part for medicinal use. Bai Juyi's poem says: "The root is like Langgan jade." Su Song stated: People desire its bizarre flowers, so they transplant them in autumn and winter, cultivating them in rich soil. By spring, they bloom profusely with ever-changing shapes. However, the root's nature has lost its original truth and is unsuitable for medicine. Wen Tingyun's poem says: "Cutting into beautiful thoughts, it seems particularly skillful." Su Shi's poem says: "The true fragrance turns out to be empty." Su Song stated: Shan Mudan (Wild Peony) has dry stems and branches. Li Shizhen stated: It is used to treat latent fire in the Shaoyin and Jueyin meridians of the hand and foot.