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Taste is sweet, nature is warm. It primarily treats invasion by severe wind-pathogenic factors (Feng Xie Qi), as well as damp-bi syndrome (Shi Bi) and cold-pain. Long-term consumption lightens the body, benefits longevity, and delays aging. Also known as Dong Kui Zi (Winter Okra Seed) (recorded as non-toxic in the old *Tang Ben Cao*, added here).

*The Famous Physicians' Record* states: It grows in Hedong.

Research: *Commentary on the Water Classic* cites *Shennong Ben Cao Jing* when explaining Jie County: "There are families of Gu Huo, Nü Shu, Tong Yun, and Zi Yuan." Tao Hongjing says: "Prescriptions do not use this herb; there is a 'Gu Huo Pill', which is actually another name for Ye Ge (Wild Aconite). This is also called Dong Kui Zi, but it is not the Dong Kui Zi from okra vegetables; its therapeutic properties are completely different."

Taste is bitter, slightly warm. It primarily treats wind-cold-damp bi syndrome, heaviness of the body, pain and soreness of the four limbs, and joint pain caused by cold pathogens (Li Jie Tong). It grows in rivers and valleys (recorded as non-toxic in the old *Tang Ben Cao*, added here).

*The Famous Physicians' Record* states: Also known as Bie Zhi, also known as Bie Qi, also known as Bie Ji. It grows in Lantian. Harvested in February and August.

Research: Tao Hongjing says: "Medical practitioners occasionally use it, but it has long disappeared among common people."

Taste is bitter. It primarily treats pain under the chest and hypochondrium, pathogenic factors, alternating cold and heat in the abdomen, and yin-bi. Long-term consumption lightens the body, boosts qi, and delays aging (*Taiping Yulan* reads "tonifies and benefits, enables aging"). It grows in rivers and marshes (recorded as non-toxic in the old *Tang Ben Cao*, added here).

*The Famous Physicians' Record* states: It grows in Hanzhong, harvested in May.

Research: Tao Hongjing says: "It is no longer used in prescriptions, and laypeople do not recognize it."

Taste is bitter, nature is neutral. It primarily treats chronic cough with rebellious qi, emptiness and emaciation in the intestines, vaginal erosion in women, and leukorrhea with red and white discharge. Also known as Bai Sui Cheng Zhong Mu. It grows in mountains and valleys (recorded as non-toxic in the old *Tang Ben Cao*, added here).

*Wu Pu* states: Huai Mu, Shennong and Lei Gong consider it non-toxic. It grows in Pingyang, Hedong, Jin. It treats chronic cough with rebellious qi, damage to the middle jiao causing emaciation and deficiency, tonifying the middle and boosting qi (*Taiping Yulan*).

*The Famous Physicians' Record* states: Also known as Tan Mu, it grows in Mount Tai, harvest time is unspecified.

Research: Li Dangzhi says: "This is a parasitic tree growing on camphor trees, with large branches embedded in the flesh. Nowadays, people substitute it with walnut husks, which is incorrect." Tong Jun says: "It grows in Shangluo; it is the bark of a tree, resembling Hou Po (Magnolia Bark) in shape, white like Gui (Cinnamon) in color, with grain running both longitudinally and transversely. Now, market vendors shave it to pass off as Hou Po, but it lacks the true longitudinal and transverse grain. I do not know what this object is, unable to guess its authenticity or determine which one is correct."

These belong to the Herb Category, Upper Grade, totaling seventy-three species (previously seventy-two). Upon examination, Men Zhi should count as one, Sheng Ma should be written as Bai Zi; Qing Xiang was erroneously included in the Grain and Rice section; the six species in *Tang Ben Cao*, namely Gu Huo, Qu Cao, and Huai Mu, all belong in this category.