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[Zha Chan (Oak Cicada)]
Flavor: Salty. Nature: Cold. Indications: Pediatric convulsions and epilepsy (Xiao'er Jingxian), night crying, malaria (Bing - likely referring to Nue/Malaria given context of chills and fever), and alternating chills and fever. Habitat: Grows on willow trees.
Recorded in *Mingyi Bielu*: Harvest in the fifth lunar month, steam until cooked, then dry.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: The cicada that sings from the side is called "Tiao Chan". *Guaya* states: [Character missing/variant], which is a cicada; "Fuyu" is the exuviae (shed skin). The old text reads "Zha Chan". *Mingyi Bielu* states: "Zha" refers to the singing cicada. The shell is also named "Chan". It is also named "Fu...". Research indicates: "Zha" is the character for "Zha" (oak/acorn tree). *Rites of Zhou · Kaogong Ji* states: "Chi, then Zha." Zheng Xuan's commentary notes: "Zha" is pronounced like "Zha" in "Zhazhara" (onomatopoeia for loud sound), meaning the sound is loud and outward. *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Zhu" means loud sound, with the same pronunciation as "Zha"; thus, it is now written as "Zha". "Zha Chan" is the "Tiao" that sings in the fifth month. *Xiaoxiaozheng* states: "In the fifth month, Liang Tiao sings." The Commentary explains: "Liang Tiao" possesses five colors. *Erya* states: "Tiao" is "Lang Tiao". *Mao Shi* states: "Like Tiao." The Commentary states: "Tiao" is a cicada. *Fangyan* states: In Chu, it is called "Tiao"; between Song and Wei, it is called "Tang Tiao"; between Chen and Zheng, it is called "Lang Tiao"; between Qin and Jin, it is called "Chan"; between Hai and Dai, it is called [Character missing/variant]. *Lunheng* states: Cicadas are born from Fuyu (exuviae) and emerge by breaking open their backs. However, *Yupian* states: Zha Chan is born in the seventh month. Tao Hongjing: Pronounces "Zha" as "Ze", stating that [...] Chan is the "Han Chan" (Winter Cicada) mentioned in *Yueling*, which is what *Erya* refers to as [...]; the annotation in *Tang Bencao* refutes this.

[Qi Cao (Mealworm/Silphium Larva)]
Flavor: Salty. Nature: Slightly Warm. Indications: Evil blood (E xue), blood stasis (Xue Yu - noted as "Xue Zhang" in *Taiping Yulan*), bi syndrome (Bi Qi), fractures/dislocations (Po Zhe), hardness and fullness with pain under the hypochondrium due to blood retention, amenorrhea (Yue Bi), and ocular opacities including pterygium-like growths (Yin Fu), blue nebula (Qing Yi), and white membrane (Bai Mo). Also known as [...] Si. Habitat: Grows in plains and marshes.
Recorded in *Mingyi Bielu*: Also known as [...] Qi, and Bo Qi. Grows in piles of manure and grass in households in Henei. Can be harvested at any time. Those that move in reverse are considered superior.
Textual Research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: [...] is "Cao"; "You" is "You..."; "Xie" is "You...". *Guaya* states: Zhi..., ..., Earth Silkworm, Du, Qi Cao. *Erya* states: [...], Qi Cao. Guo Pu's commentary notes: In manure and soil. Furthermore, "You Si" is "Xie". Guo Pu's commentary notes: In wood. Although currently all are commonly called "Xie", their habitats differ. There is also "Xie", which is [...]. Guo Pu's commentary notes: Cystic larvae in wood. "Xie" is Sang Du (Mulberry Borer); Guo Pu's commentary notes: It is "Jiejue". *Mao Shi* states: "The neck is like You Si." The Commentary states: "You Si" is the Xie insect. *Fangyan* states: "Qi Cao" is called [...]. East of the pass, it is called "You Si", or "Can...", in Liang and Yi regions, it is called [...], or "Xie", or "Zhi..."; between Qin and Jin, it is called "Du", or "Tian Lou". *Liezi · Tianrui Pian* states: The roots of Wu Zu transform into Qi Cao. *Bowuzhi* states: Qi Cao walks on its back, faster than using legs. *Shuowen Jiezi* lacks the character [...], so one should borrow [...] instead. The sounds are similar, indicating a textual error.