（旧作矾石，据郭璞注，《山海经》引作涅石）
味酸，寒。主寒热泄利，白沃阴蚀，恶创，目痛，坚筋骨齿。炼饵服之，轻身、不老、
增年。一名羽涅，生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶矾石，一名羽涅，一名羽泽，神农、岐伯∶酸；扁鹊∶咸；雷公∶酸，无
毒，生河西，或陇西，或武都、石门，采无时；岐伯∶久服伤人骨（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶一名羽泽，生河西，及陇西、武都、石门，采无时。
案∶《说文》无矾字，《玉篇》云∶矾，石也；涅，矾石也。《西山经》云∶女床之山，
其阴多涅石。郭璞云∶即矾石也，楚人名为涅石，秦名为羽涅也，《本草经》亦名曰涅石也，
《范子计然》云∶矾石出武都。《淮南子· 真训》云∶以涅染缁。高诱云∶
旧涅石作矾石，羽涅作羽涅，
非。
味苦寒。主五脏积热，胃张闭，涤去蓄结饮食，推陈致新，除邪气。炼之如膏，久服轻
身（《御览》引云∶一名芒硝。《大观本》作黑字）。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶硝石，神农∶苦；扁鹊∶甘（丹出掌禹锡所引，亦见《御览》者，不箸所
出）。
《名医》曰∶一名芒硝，生益州，及五都、陇西、西羌，采无时。
案∶《范子计然》云∶硝石，出陇道，据《名医》，一名芒硝，又别出芒硝条，非。《北
山经》云∶京山，其阴处有元 ，疑 即硝异文。
(Previously written as Fan Shi [Alum Stone], according to Guo Pu's annotation, it is cited in the *Classic of Mountains and Seas* as Nie Shi [Black Alum Stone].)
Taste: Sour. Nature: Cold. It primarily treats alternating chills and fever, diarrhea and dysentery, white leukorrhea, erosion and ulceration of the yin organs, malignant sores, eye pain, and strengthens sinews, bones, and teeth. After refining and taking it as an electuary, it lightens the body, prevents aging, and increases longevity. Another name is Yu Nie [Feather Black Alum], growing in mountain valleys.
Wu Pu states: Fan Shi [Alum Stone], also known as Yu Nie [Feather Black Alum] or Yu Ze [Feather Marsh]. Shennong and Qibo consider its taste sour; Bian Que considers it salty; Lei Gong considers it sour, non-toxic, produced in Hexi, or Longxi, or Wudu and Shimen, collected at any time; Qibo states that long-term consumption damages human bones (cited in *Taiping Yulan*).
The *Famous Physicians' Supplemental Records* state: Also known as Yu Ze [Feather Marsh], produced in Hexi, as well as Longxi, Wudu, and Shimen, collected at any time.
Commentary: The *Shuowen Jiezi* does not contain the character "Fan". The *Yupian* states: "Fan" refers to a type of stone; "Nie" refers to Alum Stone. The *Classic of Mountains and Seas: Western Mountain Classic* states: On Mount Nüchuang, the northern slopes are abundant with Nie Shi [Black Alum Stone]. Guo Pu says: This is exactly Alum Stone; people in Chu call it Nie Shi [Black Alum Stone], and people in Qin call it Yu Nie [Feather Black Alum]. The *Ben Cao Jing* [Classic of Materia Medica] also names it Nie Shi [Black Alum Stone]. The *Fanzi Jiran* states: Alum Stone is produced in Wudu. The *Huainanzi · Zhenxun* states: Using Nie to dye black silk fabrics. Gao You annotates: Previously writing Nie Shi as Fan Shi, and Yu Nie as Yu Nie, is incorrect.
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Cold. It primarily treats accumulated heat in the five zang organs, gastric distension and closure, washes away accumulated and stagnant food, pushes out the old to bring forth the new, and eliminates pathogenic factors. Refined into a paste, long-term consumption lightens the body (cited in *Taiping Yulan*: Another name is Mang Xiao [Mirabilite]. The *Daguan Edition* writes "Hei" [Black]). Growing in mountain valleys.
Wu Pu states: Xiao Shi [Niter], Shennong considers its taste bitter; Bian Que considers it sweet (Dan is cited from Zhang Yuxi, also seen in *Taiping Yulan*, but the source is not recorded).
The *Famous Physicians' Supplemental Records* state: Another name is Mang Xiao [Mirabilite], produced in Yizhou, as well as Wudu, Longxi, and Xiqiang, collected at any time.
Commentary: The *Fanzi Jiran* states: Xiao Shi [Niter] is produced in Longdao. According to the *Famous Physicians' Supplemental Records*, it is also named Mang Xiao [Mirabilite], yet Mang Xiao is listed separately under its own entry, which is incorrect. The *Classic of Mountains and Seas: Northern Mountain Classic* states: At Mount Jing, there is Yuan [missing character] in the low-lying areas on the north side; it is suspected that [missing character] is a variant character for Xiao [Niter].