味辛，寒。主心腹痛，痈肿渍脓，止痛。一名棘针。生川谷。
《名医》曰∶一名棘刺。生雍州。
案∶《说文》云∶棘，小枣丛生者。《尔雅》云∶髦颠棘。孙炎云∶一名白棘。李当之
云∶此是酸枣树针，今人用天门冬苗代之，非是真也。案∶《经》云∶天门冬，一名颠勒。
勒、棘，声相近，则今人用此，亦非无因也。
味甘，平。主五脏邪气，安志厌食。久服，强魂、聪明、轻身、不老，通神明。一名益
智。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶龙眼，一名益智。《要术》∶一名比目（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶其大者，似槟榔。生南海松树上。五月采，阴干。
案∶《广雅》云∶益智，龙眼也。刘达注《吴都赋》云∶龙眼，如荔枝而小，圆如弹丸
，味甘，胜荔枝，苍梧、交址、南海、合浦，皆献之，山中之家亦种之。
味苦，平。主嗔怒邪气，止虚汗、头风，女子阴寒、肿病。一名女萝。生山谷。
《名医》曰∶生熊耳山。
案∶《广雅》云∶女萝，松萝也。《毛诗》云∶茑与女萝。《传》云∶女萝、菟丝，松
萝也。陆玑云∶松萝，自蔓松上，枝正青，与菟丝异。
味苦，寒。主女子崩中下血，腹满汗出，除邪，杀鬼毒、虫注。一名鬼箭。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶鬼箭，一名卫矛。神农、黄帝、桐君∶苦，无毒。叶，如桃如羽，正月、
二月、七月采，阴干。或生田野（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶生霍山。八月采，阴干。
案∶《广雅》云∶鬼箭，神箭也。陶弘景云∶其茎有三羽，状如箭羽。
[Baiji (White Thorn)]
Taste: Acrid. Nature: Cold. Indications: Heart and abdominal pain, carbuncles and sores with pus discharge, analgesia. Alternative name: Jizhen. Habitat: Rivers and valleys.
*Bencao Mingyi Lu* records: Also known as Jici. Grows in Yongzhou.
Textual research: *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Ji" refers to small jujube trees growing in clusters. *Erya* mentions "Maodian Ji". Sun Yan explains: Also known as Baiji. Li Dangzhi states: This is the thorn of the sour jujube tree; nowadays people substitute it with the sprouts of *Asparagus cochinchinensis* (Tianmendong), which is not authentic. Research: The *Shennong Bencao Jing* states that Tianmendong is also called Dianle. Since "Le" and "Ji" are phonetically similar, the modern substitution is not without basis.
[Yizhi (Yi Zhi Ren / Alpinia Oxyphylla Fruit)]
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Neutral. Indications: Pathogenic factors in the five zang organs, calming the spirit, suppressing anorexia. Long-term consumption strengthens the soul, improves hearing and vision, lightens the body, prevents aging, and enhances spiritual clarity. Alternative name: Yizhi. Habitat: Valleys.
*Wu Pu Bencao* records: Longyan, also known as Yizhi. *Qimin Yaoshu* records: Also known as Bimu (cited in *Taiping Yulan*).
*Bencao Mingyi Lu* records: The larger fruits resemble Areca nut. Grows on pine trees in the Nanhai region. Harvested in May, dried in the shade.
Textual research: *Guangya* states: Yizhi is Longyan. Liu Da, annotating *Wu Du Fu*, states: Longyan is smaller than lychee, round like a bullet, sweet in taste, surpassing lychee. It was offered as tribute from Cangwu, Jiaozhi, Nanhai, and Hepu, and cultivated by mountain dwellers.
[Nuoluo (Drooping Moss)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Neutral. Indications: Pathogenic factors arising from anger, stopping spontaneous sweating, treating cephalalgia due to wind, female genital coldness, and swelling disorders. Alternative name: Nuoluo. Habitat: Valleys.
*Bencao Mingyi Lu* records: Grows in Xiong'er Mountain.
Textual research: *Guangya* states: Nuoluo is Songluo (Drooping Moss). *Mao Shi* states: "Niao and Nuoluo." The *Mao Zhuan* commentary states: Nuoluo and Tusisi refer to Songluo. Lu Ji states: Songluo naturally climbs on pines, its branches are bright green, distinct from Tusisi (Cuscuta chinensis).
[Weimao (Euonymus Alatus)]
Taste: Bitter. Nature: Cold. Indications: Metrorrhagia and metrorrhaxis in women, abdominal fullness with sweating, expelling pathogenic factors, eliminating ghost toxins and parasitic diseases. Alternative name: Guijian. Habitat: Valleys.
*Wu Pu Bencao* records: Guijian, also known as Weimao. Shennong, Huangdi, and Tongjun state: Bitter, non-toxic. Leaves resemble peach leaves and feathers. Harvested in the first, second, and seventh lunar months, dried in the shade. Some grow in fields (cited in *Taiping Yulan*).
*Bencao Mingyi Lu* records: Grows in Huo Mountain. Harvested in the eighth lunar month, dried in the shade.
Textual research: *Guangya* states: Guijian is Shenjian. Tao Hongjing states: Its stems have three wing-like projections, resembling arrow feathers.