味辛，平。主风寒温疟，热气诸痈，除邪，利大小便。一名解离（《御览》作石解引云∶
通腠理，利九窍。《大观本》六字黑）。生川谷。
《吴普》曰∶木防己，一名解离，一名解燕。神农∶辛；黄帝、岐伯、桐君∶苦，无毒
；李氏∶大寒。如艿，茎蔓延，如艽，白根外黄似结梗，内黑又如车辐解。二月、八月、十
月采根（《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶生汉中。二月、八月采根，阴干。
案∶《范子计然》云∶防己，出汉中旬阳。
味辛，温。主咳逆上气，善喘、喉痹，诸惊痫，寒热邪气。一名橐吾（《御览》作石），
一名颗东（《御览》作颗冬），一名虎须，一名免奚。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶款冬，十二月花黄白（《艺文类聚》）。
《名医》曰∶一名氏冬，生常山及目常水傍。十一月采花，阴干。
案∶《广雅》云∶苦萃，款 也。《尔雅》云∶菟奚，颗 。郭璞云∶款冬也。紫赤
，生水中。《西京杂记》云∶款冬，花于严冬。传咸《款冬赋》序曰∶仲冬之月，冰凌积雪
，款冬独敷花艳。
味苦辛，寒。主寒热，中风、螈 、痉，惊痫邪气，除症坚，瘀血留舍肠胃，安五脏，
疗痈创。一名鹿韭，一名鼠姑。生山谷。
《吴普》曰∶牡丹，神农、岐伯∶辛；李氏∶小寒；雷公、桐君∶苦，无毒；黄帝∶苦
，有毒。叶如蓬相植，根如柏黑，中有核。二月采，八月采，晒干。人食之，轻身、益寿（
《御览》）。
《名医》曰∶生巴郡及汉中。二月、八月采根，阴干。
案∶《广雅》云∶白术
[Fangji]
Pungent in flavor, neutral in nature. Primarily treats warm malaria caused by wind-cold, and various abscesses caused by heat qi; expels pathogenic factors, and promotes urination and defecation. Also known as Jielie (The *Taiping Yulan* cites it as "Shijie" and records: "It unblocks the interstices and benefits the nine orifices." In the *Daguan Edition*, these six characters are printed in bold/black). Grows in mountains and valleys.
Wu Pu recorded: Mugua Fangji is also known as Jielie or Jianyan. Shennong stated it is pungent; Huangdi, Qibo, and Tongjun stated it is bitter and non-toxic; Li Shi stated it is greatly cold. It resembles Nainai, with creeping stems like Jiao; the root is yellow on the outside and black inside, resembling a knotted stem, and radiating like the spokes of a wheel. The roots are harvested in the second, eighth, and tenth months (*Taiping Yulan*).
Famous Physicians recorded: It grows in Hanzhong. The roots are harvested in the second and eighth months and dried in the shade.
Note: *Fanzi Jiran* states: Fangji originates from Xunyang County in Hanzhong Commandery.
[Kuandonghua]
Pungent in flavor, warm in nature. Primarily treats cough with rebellious qi, frequent asthma, throat obstruction, various types of fright epilepsy, and cold-heat pathogenic factors. Also known as Tuowu (*Taiping Yulan* writes "Shi"), Kedong (*Taiping Yulan* writes "Kedong"), Huxu, and Mianxi. Grows in mountain valleys.
Wu Pu recorded: Kuandong flowers in the twelfth month, with yellow and white petals (*Yiwen Leiju*).
Famous Physicians recorded: Also known as Shidong, growing in Changshan and beside Muchang Water. The flowers are harvested in the eleventh month and dried in the shade.
Note: *Guaya* states: Kucui is Kuandong. *Erya* states: Tuxi is Kedong. Guo Pu commented: This is Kuandong. It is purple-red and grows in water. *Xijing Zaji* states: Kuandong blooms in severe winter. The preface to Chuan Xian's *Ode to Kuandong* says: In the mid-winter month, amidst ice ridges and piled snow, only Kuandong blooms brightly.
[Mudanpi]
Bitter and pungent in flavor, cold in nature. Primarily treats chills and fever, wind-stroke, convulsions, spasms, fright epilepsy and pathogenic factors; eliminates hard accumulations (Zhengjian), blood stasis lodged in the intestines and stomach, calms the five zang organs, and treats abscesses and wounds. Also known as Lujia and Shugu. Grows in mountain valleys.
Wu Pu recorded: For Mudanpi, Shennong and Qibo stated it is pungent; Li Shi stated it is slightly cold; Leigong and Tongjun stated it is bitter and non-toxic; Huangdi stated it is bitter and toxic. The leaves are planted like Penglai, the roots are black like cypress roots, with a core inside. Harvested in the second and eighth months, then sun-dried. Consuming it lightens the body and prolongs life (*Taiping Yulan*).
Famous Physicians recorded: It grows in Ba Commandery and Hanzhong. The roots are harvested in the second and eighth months and dried in the shade.
Note: *Guaya* states: Baizhu...