张介宾曰病有两感于寒者一日则太阳与少阴表里俱病凡头痛发
热恶寒者邪在表口干而渴者邪在里二日则阳明与太阴表里俱病凡身热目痛鼻干不眠者邪
在
表腹满不欲食者邪在里三日则少阳与厥阴俱病几耳聋胁痛寒热而呕者邪在表烦满囊缩而厥水
浆不入邪在里凡两感者或三日或六日营卫不行脏腑不通昏不知人胃气乃尽故当死也拯救之计
但当辨其缓急或解其外或和其中或因虚固本使元阳不败孰先孰后临症酌宜不可鉴言方治也
两感者本表里之同病今见有少阴先溃于内而太阳继之于外即纵情肆欲之两感也太阴受伤于里
而阳明重感于表者即劳倦竭力饮食不调之两感也厥阴气逆于藏少阳复病于府者即七情不慎疲
筋败血之两感也
张介宾云合病者乃二阳三阳同病病之相合者也如初起发热恶寒头痛者此太阳之症而更兼
不眠即太阳阳明合病也若兼呕恶即太阳少阳合病若发热不眠呕恶者即阳明少阳合病也若三者俱全
便是三阳合病其病同故必辨其脉证犯何逆然后得以法而治其逆也
伤寒证以七日为一候仲景云太阳病头痛至七日以上自愈者以行其经尽故也即内经七日太
阳病衰头痛少愈之旨也喻昌云过经不解者由七八日以后至十三日已后病过一候二候犹不痊解也然
邪在身中日久势必结聚于三阳太阳为多少阳次之阳明又次之及至三阴则生死反掌不若此之久
Zhang Jiebin stated: There is a condition known as "Liang Gan Yu Han" (Two-Channel Cold Invasion), where the exterior and interior channels are simultaneously affected. On the first day, the Taiyang Channel (Greater Yang) and Shaoyin Channel (Lesser Yin) are both diseased in their respective exterior-interior relationship. Symptoms such as headache, fever, and aversion to cold indicate that the pathogen is at the exterior level; symptoms such as dry mouth and thirst indicate that the pathogen is at the interior level. On the second day, the Yangming Channel (Yang Brightness) and Taiyin Channel (Greater Yin) are both diseased. Symptoms such as body heat, eye pain, nasal dryness, and insomnia indicate that the pathogen is at the exterior level; symptoms such as abdominal fullness and loss of appetite indicate that the pathogen is at the interior level. On the third day, the Shaoyang Channel (Lesser Yang) and Jueyin Channel (Terminal Yin) are both diseased. Symptoms such as deafness, hypochondriac pain, alternating chills and fever, and vomiting indicate that the pathogen is at the exterior level; symptoms such as mental restlessness with fullness, retraction of the testicles, cold extremities, and inability to take in fluids or food indicate that the pathogen is at the interior level. In cases of Liang Gan, death may occur either after three days or six days because the Ying (Nutritive) and Wei (Defensive) Qi cease to circulate, the Zang-Fu organs become blocked, consciousness is lost, and the Stomach Qi is exhausted, leading inevitably to death. The strategy for rescue lies solely in distinguishing between urgency and slackness: one may release the exterior harmonize the interior, or tonify the root due to deficiency, ensuring that the Yuan Yang (Primordial Yang) does not collapse. Whether to treat the exterior or interior first must be judged according to clinical presentation; one should not rigidly adhere to specific formulas for treatment.
"Liang Gan" originally refers to the simultaneous disease of exterior and interior channels. Currently, there are cases where the Shaoyin Channel fails internally first, followed by the Taiyang Channel being affected externally; this corresponds to Liang Gan caused by indulgence in lust and desires. When the Taiyin Channel is injured internally, followed by repeated external contraction of pathogens into the Yangming Channel, this corresponds to Liang Gan caused by overexertion, labor, and irregular diet. When the Jueyin Channel experiences Qi rebellion within the Zang organs, and the Shaoyang Channel becomes diseased in the Fu organs, this corresponds to Liang Gan caused by imprudent emotional responses, physical fatigue damaging the sinews, and deterioration of the blood.
Zhang Jiebin further stated: "He Bing" (Combined Disease) refers to the simultaneous involvement of two or three Yang channels, representing the merging of pathological conditions. For instance, if initial symptoms include fever, aversion to cold, and headache, these are signs of Taiyang disease; if accompanied by insomnia, it constitutes a combination of Taiyang and Yangming diseases. If accompanied by vomiting and nausea, it constitutes a combination of Taiyang and Shaoyang diseases. If fever, insomnia, vomiting, and nausea all present together, it constitutes a combination of Yangming and Shaoyang diseases. If all three sets of symptoms are present, it is a Three-Yang Combined Disease. Since the pathological nature is similar, one must differentiate the pulse and syndromes to identify any rebellious patterns before applying appropriate therapeutic methods to correct the rebellion.
In the progression of Shanghan (Cold Damage) patterns, seven days constitute one period (Hou). Zhang Zhongjing stated: If Taiyang disease involving headache resolves spontaneously after seven days or more, it is because the pathogen has completed its course through the meridians. This aligns with the principle in the Neijing stating that on the seventh day, Taiyang disease declines, and headaches subside slightly. Yu Chang stated: "Guo Jing Bu Jie" (Pathogen Passing the Meridian Without Resolution) refers to conditions persisting beyond seven or eight days, up to thirteen days or more, where the illness exceeds one or two periods without resolving. However, when pathogens remain in the body for an extended time, they inevitably aggregate in the Three Yang channels, with Taiyang being most susceptible, followed by Shaoyang, and then Yangming. Once the pathogens reach the Three Yin channels, life and death can change in an instant, unlike the prolonged course observed in the Yang channels.