\r五音五行清浊图\pt13a120.bmp\r
宫音，五音之首，其声极长极下极浊。征音宫所生，其声次短次高次清。商
音征所生，其声次长次下次浊。羽音商所生，其声极短极高极清。角音羽所生，其声在长短高下清浊之间。
\r律吕相生卦气图\pt13a121.bmp\r
此图长律下生短律，短律上生长律。下生者皆左旋隔八，上生者皆右旋隔六。
乐者，天地之和气也。律吕者，乐之声音也。盖人有性情则有诗辞，有诗辞则有歌咏，
歌咏生则被之五音而为乐，音乐生必调之律吕而和声。书曰∶诗言志，歌永言，声根据永，律
和声。此之谓也。是律也者，出乎声音而为正乐之具也。乐记曰∶乐者音之所由生也，其
本在人心之感于物也。是故其哀心感者，其声 以杀；其乐心感者，其声 以缓；其喜心感
者，其声发以散；其怒心感者，其声粗以厉；其敬心感者，其声直以廉；其爱心感者，其声和
以柔。六者非性也，感于物而后动也。又曰∶治世之音安以乐，其政和；乱世之音怨以怒，
其政乖；亡国之音哀以思，其民困。声音之道，与政通矣。是故知律吕声音之道者，可以行
天地人事也。律吕相感而声音生，天地万物之情，见于此矣。（ 音焦。杀音赛。 ，昌展切。）
Figure of the Five Tones, Five Elements, Clarity and Turbidity
The Gong tone is the first among the five tones; its sound is extremely long, extremely low, and extremely turbid. The Zhi tone is generated by the Gong tone; its sound is next in shortness, height, and clarity. The Shang tone is generated by the Zhi tone; its sound is next in length, lowness, and turbidity. The Yu tone is generated by the Shang tone; its sound is extremely short, extremely high, and extremely clear. The Jue tone is generated by the Yu tone; its sound lies intermediate between short and long, high and low, clear and turbid.
Figure of the Generation of Pitch-pipes (Lü-lv) and Hexagram Qi
This figure illustrates that long pitch-pipes generate short ones downwards, and short pitch-pipes generate long ones upwards. Those generated downwards rotate to the left, skipping eight positions; those generated upwards rotate to the right, skipping six positions.
Music is the harmonious qi of heaven and earth. Lü-lv (pitch-pipes) are the sounds of music. Generally, humans have emotions and thus poetry; having poetry leads to chanting/singing; once singing arises, it is arranged into the five tones to become music; once music arises, it must be regulated by Lü-lv to achieve harmonic sound. The Book of Documents states: "Poetry expresses intention; song prolongs speech; voice follows prolonged speech; Lü-lv harmonizes the sound." This is what is meant. Thus, "Lü" serves as the instrument for orthodox music derived from sound. The Record of Music states: "Music originates from sound, the root of which lies in the human mind being affected by external things." Therefore, when the heart is moved by sorrow, the sound is rapid and dying out; when moved by joy, the sound is slow and relaxed; when moved by delight, the sound is open and dispersed; when moved by anger, the sound is coarse and harsh; when moved by reverence, the sound is upright and clean; when moved by love, the sound is harmonious and gentle. These six states are not inherent nature but arise after being affected by external things. It also says: "The music of a well-governed state is peaceful and joyful, reflecting harmonious politics; the music of a chaotic state is resentful and angry, reflecting discordant politics; the music of a perishing nation is mournful and thoughtful, reflecting the distress of the people. The way of sound connects with politics." Therefore, one who understands the principles of Lü-lv and sound can comprehend the affairs of heaven, earth, and humanity. When Lü-lv interact, sound is produced, and the conditions of all things in heaven and earth are revealed herein. (Jiao is pronounced like jiao; sha is pronounced like sai; xi is pronounced according to the fanqie spelling chang-zhan.)