（《素问·奇病论》）
帝曰∶人有病头痛以数岁不已，此安得之？名为何病？（头痛不当数岁，故怪而为问。）岐伯曰∶当有所犯大寒，内
至骨髓，髓者以脑为主，脑逆故令头痛齿亦痛，病名曰厥逆。帝曰∶善。（髓以脑为主，诸髓皆属于脑也，故大寒至髓，
则上入头脑而为痛。其邪深，故数岁不已。髓为骨之充，故头痛齿亦痛。是因邪逆于上，故名曰厥逆。）
帝曰∶有癃者，一日数十溲，此不足也。身热如炭，颈膺如格，人迎躁盛，喘息气逆，此有余也。太阴脉细微如发
者，此不足也。其病安在？名为何病？（癃，小水不利也。一日数十溲，数欲便而所出不多也。如炭者，热之甚也。颈
言咽喉，膺言胸臆。如格者，上下不通，若有所格也。人迎躁盛者，足阳明动脉在结喉两旁，所以候阳也。喘息者，呼
吸急促也。气逆者，治节不行也。太阴脉微细者，即两手寸口之脉，所以候阴也。癃，良中切。溲音搜。）岐伯曰∶病在
太阴，（脾肺二脏皆属太阴，观下文复云颇在肺，则此节专言脾阴可知。如上文云太阴之脉细微者，正以气口亦太阴也，
藏气不足，则脉见于此。又《口问篇》曰∶中气不足，溲便为之变。今其癃而数十溲者，亦由中气之不足耳，故病在脾
阴。气口亦太阴义，详藏象类十一。）其盛在胃，（上文云身热如炭者，胃主肌肉也。颈膺如格者，胃脉循喉咙入缺盆下
膈也。人迎躁盛者，即《终始等篇》所云人迎一盛二盛三盛四盛且大且数名曰溢阳也。凡上三者，皆属阳明，故曰其盛
在胃。）颇在肺，（即喘息气逆也。）病名曰厥，死不治。（阴不入阳，故其盛在胃。阳不入阴，故太阴细微。病名曰厥者，
阴阳皆逆也。故死不可治。（此所谓得五有余、二不足也。）帝曰∶何谓五有余、二不足？岐伯曰∶所谓五有余者，五病
之气有余也；二不足者，亦病气之不足也。今外得五有余，内得二不足，此其身不表不里，亦正死明矣。（外得五有余者，
一身热如炭，二颈膺如格，三人迎躁盛，四喘息，五气逆也。内得二不足者，一癃而一日数十溲，二太阴脉细微如发也。
若此五病者，邪气有余也。二病者，正气不足也。欲泻其邪，则阴虚于里；欲补其虚，则阳实于外。救里不可，治表亦
不可，此不表不里之病，即阳证阴脉之类，有死而已，不能为也。）
The Yellow Emperor asked: There is a person suffering from headache that has persisted for several years without relief. How did this condition arise? What is the name of this disease? (Headache typically does not last for several years, hence the inquiry out of surprise.) Qibo replied: This should be due to exposure to severe cold pathogen, which penetrated inward to the bone marrow. Since the marrow is governed by the brain, the counterflow of cold qi causes headache and also toothache. This disease is named Jue Ni (Reversal Counterflow). The Yellow Emperor said: Well said. (Marrow is governed by the brain, and all marrow belongs to the brain. Thus, when severe cold reaches the marrow, it ascends into the head and brain causing pain. Because the pathogen is deep-seated, it persists for years without healing. Marrow nourishes the bones, so when the head hurts, the teeth also hurt. This is because the pathogenic factor reverses upward, hence named Jue Ni.)
The Yellow Emperor asked: There is a patient with Long Bi (Dysuria/Urinary retention) who urinates dozens of times a day; this indicates deficiency. The body feels hot like a charcoal fire, the neck and chest feel obstructed or blocked, the Renying pulse (Renying acupoint pulse on Stomach Meridian) is restless and vigorous, there is panting and counterflow of qi; this indicates excess. The Taiyin pulse is fine and thin as a hair; this also indicates deficiency. Where is the disease located? What is its name? (Long refers to difficult urination. Urinating dozens of times a day means frequent urge but scant output. "Like charcoal" describes intense heat. Neck refers to the throat, Ying refers to the chest. "Like obstruction" means blockage between upper and lower, as if something is blocking. Renying pulse being restless and vigorous refers to the Foot-Yangming artery at the sides of the larynx, used to observe Yang. Panting refers to rapid breathing. Counterflow of qi refers to the failure of Lung's regulatory function. Taiyin pulse being fine and thin refers to the Cun Kou pulse at both wrists, used to observe Yin. Long is pronounced liang-zhong qie; Sou is pronounced sou.) Qibo replied: The disease is in the Taiyin Spleen, (Both Spleen and Lung belong to Taiyin. Observing the later text stating "partly in the Lung," this section specifically discusses Spleen Yin. As mentioned earlier, the Taiyin pulse being fine and thin occurs because the Qi Kou pulse also belongs to Taiyin; when Zang Qi is deficient, the pulse manifests here. Also, the *Kouwen* chapter states: Deficiency of Middle Qi leads to changes in urination and defecation. Now, his dysuria and frequent urination are also due to deficiency of Middle Qi, thus the disease is in Spleen Yin. The principle that Qi Kou belongs to Taiyin is detailed in Section 11 of Zangxiang Class.) The excess is in the Stomach, (As mentioned earlier, body heat like charcoal relates to Stomach governing muscles. Neck and chest obstruction relates to the Stomach meridian circulating through the throat, entering the Supraclavicular Fossa, and descending through the diaphragm. Renying pulse being restless and vigorous corresponds to the description in chapters like *Zhongshi*: Renying pulse one-fold, two-fold, three-fold, four-fold larger and rapid is named Yi Yang (Overflowing Yang). All these three conditions belong to Yangming, hence stated as excess in Stomach.) It is partly in the Lung, (Referring to panting and counterflow of qi.) The disease is named Jue (Reversal), and it is incurable/deadly. (Yin cannot enter Yang, hence excess in Stomach. Yang cannot enter Yin, hence Taiyin pulse is fine and thin. Named Jue because both Yin and Yang qi are reversed. Therefore, death is inevitable and treatment is futile. This is what is meant by obtaining five excesses and two deficiencies.) The Yellow Emperor asked: What do you mean by five excesses and two deficiencies? Qibo replied: The so-called five excesses refer to the excess of five pathological factors; the two deficiencies refer to the deficiency of pathological factors (or rather, deficiency of healthy qi amidst pathology). Now, externally there are five excesses, and internally there are two deficiencies. This patient's condition is neither in the exterior nor the interior, clearly indicating a fatal prognosis. (Externally, the five excesses are: one, body heat like charcoal; two, neck and chest obstruction; three, restless and vigorous Renying pulse; four, panting; five, counterflow of qi. Internally, the two deficiencies are: one, dysuria with dozens of urinations per day; two, Taiyin pulse fine and thin as a hair. These five conditions represent excess of pathogenic qi. These two conditions represent deficiency of healthy qi. To purge the pathogen would deplete the already deficient Yin inside; to tonify the deficiency would exacerbate the already excessive Yang outside. Rescuing the interior is impossible, treating the exterior is also impossible. This is a disease neither in exterior nor interior, similar to Yang syndrome with Yin pulse, leading only to death, beyond remedy.)