（《灵枢·刺节真邪篇》）
黄帝曰∶余闻刺有五邪，何谓五邪？岐伯曰∶病有持痈者，有容大者，有狭小者，有热者，有寒者，是谓五邪。黄
帝曰∶刺五邪奈何？岐伯曰∶凡刺五邪之方，不过五章，痹热消灭，肿聚散亡，寒痹益温，小者益阳，大者必去，请道
其方。（五章，五条也。详如下文。）
凡刺痈邪无迎陇，易俗移性，（陇，盛也。《营卫生会篇》曰∶日中而阳陇。生气通天论作隆，盖陇、隆通用也。无
迎陇者，痈邪之来锐，所当避也。易俗移性，谓宜从缓调和，如移易俗性，不宜欲速。此释上文肿聚散亡也。陇音笼。）
不得脓，脆道更行，（脆，柔脆溃坚之谓。凡痈毒不化则不得脓，故或托其内，或温其外，或刺以针，或灸以艾，务化其
毒，皆脆道更行也。）去其乡，不安处所乃散亡，诸阴阳过痈者，取之其输泻之。（乡，向也。安，留聚也。去其毒瓦斯所
向，不使安留处所，乃自消散矣。故于诸阴经阳经，但察其过于壅滞者，皆当取输穴以泻其锐气，是即所谓去其乡也。）
凡刺大邪日以小，泄夺其有余乃益虚，（大邪，实邪也。邪气盛大，难以HT 除，日促小之，自可渐去，去其有余，
实者虚矣。此释上文大者必去也。）剽其通，针其邪，（剽，砭刺也。通，病气所由之道也。针无妄用，务中其邪。剽音
票。）肌肉亲视之，毋有反其真，（言邪正脉色，必当亲切审视，若以小作大，则反其真矣。）刺诸阳分肉间。（盛大实邪，
多在三阳，故宜刺诸阳分肉间。）
凡刺小邪日以大，补其不足乃无害，（小邪，虚邪也。虚邪补之，则正气日大而邪自退也。不足而补，乃可无害，若
泻其虚，斯不免矣。此释上文小者益阳也。）视其所在迎之界，远近尽至，其不得外侵而行之乃自费，刺分肉间。（迎之
界者，迎其气行之所也。先补不足之经，后泻有余之经，邪去正复，则远近之真气尽至，邪气不得外侵，则必费散无留
矣。小邪随在可刺，故但取分肉间也。）
凡刺热邪越而苍，出游不归乃无病，（越，发扬也。苍，卒疾也。出游，行散也。归，还也。凡刺热邪者，贵于速散，
散而不复，乃无病矣。此释上文痹热消灭也。）为开通辟门户，使邪得出病乃已。（开通壅滞，辟其门户，以热邪之宜泻
也。）
凡刺寒邪日以温，徐往徐来致其神，（温者，温其正气也。徐往徐来，欲和缓也。致其神者，致其阳气则寒邪自除。
此释上文寒痹益温也。）门户已闭气不分，虚实得调其气存也。（补其虚，则门户闭而气不泄，故虚实可调，真气可存，
此寒邪之宜温也。）
黄帝曰∶官针奈何？岐伯曰∶刺痈者用铍针，刺大者用锋针，刺小者用圆利针，刺热者用 针，刺寒者用毫针也。（五
邪之刺，官针各有所宜，不可不辨。九针详义，见本类前二。）
Recorded in the *Ling Shu: Ci Jie Zhen Xie Pian* (Needling and Controlling True and Evil Chapter of the Spiritual Pivot):
The Yellow Emperor asked, "I have heard that there are five types of pathogenic factors addressed by needling. What are these five?"
Qibo replied, "Diseases manifest as carbuncles/abscesses (Yong, 痈), as excess/fullness (Rong Da, 容大), as deficiency/narrowness (Xiao Xiao, 狭小), as heat (Re, 热), and as cold (Han, 寒). These are called the five pathogenic factors."
The Yellow Emperor asked, "How should one needle these five pathogenic factors?"
Qibo replied, "The principles for needling the five pathogenic factors do not exceed five chapters [principles]: bi-heat is eliminated, swelling and accumulation dissipate, cold-bi is warmed, deficiency is supplemented with Yang, and excess must be removed. Please allow me to explain these methods." ([Note: 'Five chapters' refers to five principles; details follow below.]
When needling carbuncle/abscess pathogens (Yong Xie, 痈邪), do not attack when their momentum is at its peak (Long, 陇); instead, change your approach and harmonize gradually. ('Long' means flourishing or abundant. The *Ying Wei Sheng Hui Pian* states: 'At midday, Yang flourishes.' The *Sheng Qi Tong Tian Lun* writes it as 'Long' (隆); 'Long' and 'Long' are interchangeable. 'Do not attack when flourishing' means that when a carbuncle pathogen arrives with sharp intensity, one should avoid its锋芒 [sharp edge]. 'Change approach and shift nature' implies using a slow, harmonizing method, like changing customs, rather than seeking quick results. This explains the dissipation of swelling and accumulation. 'Long' is pronounced 'long'.) If pus has not formed, employ flexible methods to soften and break down hardness alternately. ('Cui' refers to softening and breaking hardness. When carbuncle toxins do not suppurate, they cannot drain; thus, one may use internal expulsion, external warming, acupuncture, or moxibustion to resolve the toxin. All these constitute 'flexible methods to break hardness'.) Remove the direction where the toxin gathers, preventing it from settling anywhere, so it naturally dissipates. For any Yin or Yang meridians passing through the carbuncle, select the Shu-stream points to reduce the pathogen. ('Xiang' means direction. 'An' means staying or gathering. By removing the toxin's directional focus and preventing it from settling, it dissipates. Thus, wherever Yin or Yang meridians show stagnation, one should needle the Shu-stream points to reduce the pathogenic qi, which is what is meant by 'removing the direction'.)
When needling excess pathogens (Da Xie, 大邪), aim to reduce them daily by draining their surplus, thereby restoring deficiency. ('Da Xie' refers to excess pathogens. When pathogenic qi is abundant and difficult to remove quickly, reducing it gradually each day allows it to dissipate. Removing the surplus turns excess into deficiency. This explains 'excess must be removed'.) Lightly pierce the pathways of disease qi, and needle precisely at the site of the pathogen. ('Piao' refers to piercing with a stone needle. 'Tong' refers to the channel through which disease qi travels. Needling should not be arbitrary but must target the pathogen. 'Piao' is pronounced 'piao'.) Observe the muscle tissue closely regarding pulse and color, ensuring you do not contradict the true nature of the disease. (This means carefully examining the pulse and complexion of both pathogenic and healthy qi; mistaking a minor issue for a major one contradicts the truth.) Needle the intermuscular spaces of the Yang meridians. (Abundant excess pathogens often occur in the Three Yang meridians, so intermuscular spaces of the Yang meridians are appropriate.)
When needling deficiency pathogens (Xiao Xie, 小邪), aim to enlarge the healthy Qi daily by tonifying deficiencies, causing no harm. ('Xiao Xie' refers to deficiency pathogens. Tonifying deficiency causes healthy Qi to grow daily, causing pathogenic qi to retreat. Tonifying deficiency prevents harm; conversely, draining deficiency would cause injury. This explains 'deficiency benefits from Yang supplementation'.) Observe the location of the pathogen and intercept it at its boundary. Ensure healthy Qi from near and far reaches the area; once pathogenic qi cannot invade externally and circulation is smooth, the pathogen will dissipate. Needle the intermuscular spaces. ('Intercepting at the boundary' refers to meeting the flow of Qi. First tonify deficient meridians, then drain excess ones. With pathogen gone and health restored, healthy Qi from all directions arrives, preventing external invasion and causing the pathogen to dissipate. Deficiency pathogens can be needled wherever located, so intermuscular spaces are sufficient.)
When needling heat pathogens (Re Xie, 热邪), promote rapid dispersal so they wander off and do not return, curing the disease. ('Yue' means to disperse or elevate. 'Cang' means sudden or swift. 'Chu You' means wandering dispersion. 'Gui' means returning. When needling heat pathogens, speed of dispersal is crucial; if dispersed and not recurring, the disease is cured. This explains 'bi-heat is eliminated'.) Open the pathways and create exits for the pathogen to leave, so the illness ceases. (Opening stagnation and creating outlets is suitable for draining heat pathogens.)
When needling cold pathogens (Han Xie, 寒邪), aim for gradual warming. Insert and withdraw the needle slowly to guide the Shen (spirit/vital energy). ('Wen' means warming healthy Qi. Slow insertion and withdrawal aim for harmony. Guiding the Shen means guiding Yang Qi, which eliminates cold pathogens. This explains 'cold-bi is warmed'.) Once the pores close and Qi does not leak, and deficiency and excess are balanced, the True Qi is preserved. (Tonifying deficiency closes the pores and prevents Qi leakage, allowing balance of deficiency and excess and preservation of True Qi. This is why warming is suitable for cold pathogens.)
The Yellow Emperor asked, "How should various needles be used?"
Qibo replied, "For carbuncles, use the Pi needle (Bichan, 铍针); for excess, use the Feng needle (Fengzhen, 锋针); for deficiency, use the Yuanli needle (Yuanlizhen, 圆利针); for heat, use the Chan needle (Chanzhen, 鑱针); and for cold, use the Hao needle (Haozhen, 毫针). [Regarding the five pathogenic factors, each needle type has specific indications that must be distinguished. The detailed meanings of the Nine Needles are found in the preceding sections of this category.]"