（灵枢肠胃篇 全）
黄帝问于伯高曰∶余愿闻六腑传谷者，肠胃之小大长短，受谷之多少奈何？（此以水谷之自口而入，以至广肠所出
之处，而统问其详也。）伯高曰∶请尽言之，谷所从出入浅深远近长短之度∶唇至齿长九分，口广二寸半。（长，深也。
广，阔也。）齿以后至会厌，深三寸半，大容五合。（会厌在咽喉之上，乃所以分水谷，司呼吸，而不容其相混者也。）舌
重十两，长七寸，广二寸半。咽门重十两，广二寸半，至胃长一尺六寸。（咽门，即食喉也，其名曰咽。至胃长一尺六寸，
乃并胃脘而言。）胃纡曲屈，伸之，长二尺六寸，大一尺五寸，径五寸，大容三斗五升。（纡曲，曲折也。大言周遭之数，
径言直过之数，余准此。平人绝谷篇曰∶其中之谷常留二斗，水一斗五升而满。纡音于。）小肠后附脊，左环回周叠积，
其注于回肠者，外附于脐上，回运环十六曲，大二寸半，径八分分之少半，长三丈二尺。（小肠居胃之下，在脐上二寸所，
后附于脊，左旋而环。其下口注于回肠者，外附近于脐上一寸，当水分穴处是也。八分分之少半，言八分之外，尚有如
一分之少半也。余彼此。）回肠当脐，左环回周叶积而下，回运环反十六曲，大四寸，径一寸寸之少半，长二丈一尺。（回
肠，大肠也。叶积，如叶之积，亦叠积之义。大肠上口即小肠下口，当脐左旋，而下接广肠也。）广肠传脊以受回肠，左
环叶脊上下，辟大八寸，径二寸寸之太半，长二尺八寸。（广肠，大肠下节也，亦名直肠。直肠居后，绕脊而下，故曰传
脊。传，布也。叶脊上下，言叠于脊之上下而至尾 也。辟， 同。以其最广，故云辟大八寸。）肠胃初入至所出，长六
丈四寸四分，回曲环反三十二曲也。（此总结上文自口而入、自便而出之全数。三十二曲，合小肠大肠而言也。）
*Ling Shu: Chang Wei Pian* (Full Text)
Huangdi asked Bo Gao, saying: "I wish to learn about the transmission of grain by the six fu organs. What are the dimensions—size and length—and the capacity for holding grain in the stomach and intestines?" (This inquiry comprehensively details the pathway from the entry of water and grain via the mouth to their exit through the large intestine.)
Bo Gao replied: "Please allow me to explain fully. The measurements regarding the depth, shallowness, distance, proximity, length, and shortness of the path where grain enters and exits are as follows:
From the lips to the teeth, the length is nine *fen*; the width of the mouth is two *cun* and a half. ('Length' refers to depth; 'width' refers to breadth.)
From behind the teeth to the epiglottis (*Huiyan*), the depth is three *cun* and a half, with a capacity of five *he*. (The epiglottis is located above the throat and windpipe; it serves to separate food and drink, govern respiration, and prevent them from mixing.)
The tongue weighs ten *liang*, is seven *cun* long, and two *cun* and a half wide.
The pharyngeal gate (*Yanmen*) weighs ten *liang*, is two *cun* and a half wide, and extends to the stomach over a length of one *chi* and six *cun*. (The pharyngeal gate is the esophagus, also named 'pharynx'. The length of one *chi* and six *cun* to the stomach includes the gastric cardia/fundus region.)
The stomach is tortuous and curved; when straightened, its length is two *chi* and six *cun*, its circumference is one *chi* and five *cun*, its diameter is five *cun*, and its capacity is three *dou* and five *sheng*. ('Tortuous' means winding. 'Large' refers to the circumference, while 'diameter' refers to the direct cross-section; other parts follow this logic. The *Ping Ren Jue Gu Pian* states: In a normal person fasting, the stomach typically contains two *dou* of grain and one *dou* and five *sheng* of water when full. 'Yu' is pronounced 'yu'.)
The small intestine lies posteriorly attached to the spine, looping leftward in overlapping accumulations. Its junction with the ileum is externally attached above the umbilicus. It loops and turns sixteen times, has a circumference of two *cun* and a half, a diameter of eight *fen* plus one-third of a *fen*, and a length of three *zhang* and two *chi*. (The small intestine is located below the stomach, approximately two *cun* above the umbilicus, attached posteriorly to the spine, rotating leftward. Its lower outlet connects to the ileum externally near one *cun* above the umbilicus, corresponding to the location of the Shuifen acupoint [CV9]. 'Eight fen plus one-third' indicates that beyond eight *fen*, there remains one-third of a *fen*. Other similar expressions follow this pattern.)
The ileum is positioned opposite the umbilicus, looping leftward and accumulating downward in overlapping layers, turning back sixteen times. It has a circumference of four *cun*, a diameter of one *cun* plus two-thirds of a *cun*, and a length of two *zhang* and one *chi*. (The ileum is the large intestine. 'Yeji' implies accumulation like stacked leaves, meaning overlapping layers. The upper opening of the large intestine is the lower opening of the small intestine, rotating left at the umbilicus and connecting downward to the rectum.)
The large intestine (rectum) receives the ileum and distributes along the spine, looping left and right, stacking above and below the spine. It is eight *cun* wide, has a diameter of two *cun* plus two-thirds of a *cun*, and a length of two *chi* and eight *cun*. (The large intestine here refers to the lower segment of the large intestine, also known as the rectum. The rectum is located posteriorly, wrapping around the spine downwards, hence termed 'transmitting along the spine'. 'Chuan' means to distribute. 'Stacking above and below the spine' indicates piling up along the superior and inferior aspects of the spine down to the tailbone. 'Pi' is synonymous with 'bi', meaning open/wide. Because this section is the widest, it is described as 'wide eight cun'.)
From the initial entry of the gastrointestinal tract to its exit, the total length is six *zhang*, four *chi*, and four *fen*, comprising thirty-two curves and turns. (This summarizes the total count from oral entry to anal exit mentioned above. The thirty-two curves refer to the combined loops of the small and large intestines.)