（灵枢骨度篇 全）
黄帝问于伯高曰∶脉度言经脉之长短，何以立之？伯高曰∶先度其骨节之大小广狭长短，而脉度定矣。黄帝曰∶愿
闻众人之度，人长七尺五寸者，其骨节之大小长短各几何？（此言欲知脉度者，必先求骨度以察其详也。众人者，众人
之常度也，常人之长多以七尺五寸为率。如经水篇岐伯云八尺之士，周礼考工记亦曰人长八尺，乃指伟人之度而言，皆
古黍尺数也。黍尺一尺，得今曲尺八寸。详义见附翼律原黄钟生度条中。）伯高曰∶头之大骨围二尺六寸，（此下言头围
胸围腰围之总数也。围，周遭也。二尺六寸，皆古黍尺之数。后仿此。人身之骨，头为最巨，头骨谓之髑髅。男子自顶
及耳并脑后共八片，惟蔡州人多一，共九片，脑后横一缝，当正直下至发际别有一直缝。女人头骨止六片，亦脑后一横
缝，当正直下则无缝也。此男女头骨之别。髑音独。髅音娄。）胸围四尺五寸，（此兼胸胁而言也。缺盆之下两乳之间为
胸，胸前横骨三条，左右肋骨各十二条，八长四短，女人多檠夫骨两条，左右各十四条也。）腰围四尺二寸。（平脐周遭
曰腰。人之肥瘦不同，腰之大小亦异，四尺二寸，以中人之大略言也。）发所复者颅至项尺二寸，（此下言仰人之纵度也。
发所复者，谓发际也。前发际为额颅。后发际以下为项。前自颅，后至项，长一尺二寸。）发以下至颐长一尺，（腮下为
颔。颔中为颐。前发际下至颐长一尺。）君子终折。（终，终始也。折，折衷也。言上文之约数虽如此，然人有大小不同，
故君子当约其终始，而因人以折衷之。此虽指头胸为言，则下部亦然矣。）结喉以下至缺盆中长四寸，（舌根之下，肺之
上系，屈曲外凸者为结喉。膺上横骨为巨骨。巨骨上陷中为缺盆。）缺盆以下至 KT 长九寸，过则肺大，不满则肺小。
（KT ，一名鸠尾，一名尾翳，蔽心骨也。缺盆之下，鸠尾之上，是为之胸，肺脏所居，故胸大则肺亦大，胸小则肺
亦小也。 KT 音结于。） KT 以下至天枢长八寸，过则胃大，不及则胃小。（天枢，在脐旁二寸，足阳明经穴。自
KT 之下，脐之上，是为中焦，胃之所居，故上腹长大者胃亦大，上腹短小者胃亦小也。）天枢以下至横骨长六寸半，
过则回肠广长，不满则狭短。（横骨，阴毛中曲骨也。自天枢下至横骨，是为下焦，回肠所居也。故小腹长大者回肠亦大，
小腹短狭者回肠亦小也。）横骨长六寸半，横骨上廉以下至内辅之上廉长一尺八寸，（横骨横长六寸半，一曰七寸半。廉，
隅际也。内辅，膝间内侧大骨也。亦曰辅骨。）内辅之上廉以下至下廉长三寸半，（此言辅骨之上下隅也。）内辅下廉下至
内踝长一尺三寸，内踝以下至地长三寸，（足跟前两旁高骨为踝骨，内曰内踝，外曰外踝。踝，胡寡切。）膝 以下至跗
属长一尺六寸，跗属以下至地长三寸。（膝后曲处曰 。足面曰跗。跗属，言足面前后皆跗之属也。 音国。跗，附、敷
二音。）故骨围大则大过，小则不及。（凡上文所言皆中人之度，其有大者过之，小者不及也。下文同法。）角以下至柱骨
长一尺，（此下言侧人之纵度也，角，头侧大骨，耳上高角也。柱骨，肩骨之上，颈项之根也。）行腋中不见者长四寸，（此
自柱骨下通腋中，隐伏不见之处。）腋以下至季胁长一尺二寸，（胁下尽处短小之肋，是为季胁。季，小也。）季胁以下至
髀枢长六寸，足股曰髀。髀上外侧骨缝曰枢，此运动之机也。髀，并米切，又音比。）髀枢以下至膝中长一尺九寸，（膝
中，言膝外侧骨缝之次。）膝以下至外踝长一尺六寸，外踝以下至京骨长三寸，京骨以下至地长一寸。（京骨，足太阳穴
名，在足小趾本节后大骨下，赤白肉际陷中。）耳后当完骨者广九寸，（此言耳后之横度也。耳后高骨曰完骨，足少阳穴
名，入发际四分，左右相去广九寸。）耳前当耳门者广一尺三寸，两颧之间相去七寸，两乳之间广九寸半，两髀之间广六
寸半。（此言仰人之横度也。耳门者，即手太阳听宫之分。目下高骨为颧。两髀之间，言两股之中，横骨两头尽处也。）
足长一尺二寸，广四寸半。（此下言手足之度也。足掌长一尺二寸。广，阔也。）肩至肘长一尺七寸，（肩，肩端也。臂之
中节曰肘。）肘至腕长一尺二寸半，（臂掌之节曰腕。）腕至中指本节长四寸，本节至其末长四寸半。（本节，指之后节根
也。末，指端也。）项发以下至背骨长二寸半，（项发，项后发际也。背骨，除项骨之外，以第一节大椎骨为言也。）膂骨
以下至尾 二十一节长三尺，上节长一寸四分分之一，奇分在下，故上七节至于膂骨九寸八分分之七。（膂骨，脊骨也。
项脊骨共二十四椎，内除项骨三节，膂骨自大椎而下至尾 计二十一节，共长三尺。上节各长一寸四分分之一，即一寸
四分一厘也。故上之七节，共长九寸八分七厘。其有余不尽之奇分，皆在下部诸节也。脊骨外小而内大，人之能负重者，
以是骨之巨也。尾 骨，男子者尖，女子者圆而平。 音底。）此众人骨之度也，所以立经脉之长短也。是故视其经脉之
在于身也，其见浮而坚、其见明而大者多血，细而况者多气也。（此结首节而言。因骨度以辨经络，乃可察其血气之盛衰
也。）
*Lingshu: Gu Du Chapter* (Full Text)
Huangdi asked Bogao, saying: The chapter on Mai Du (Pulse Lengths) discusses the lengths of the meridians; how are these standards established? Bogao replied: One must first measure the size, width, and length of the bone joints, and then the lengths of the meridians can be determined. Huangdi said: I wish to hear about the measurements of ordinary people. For a person who is seven chi five cun tall, what are the sizes and lengths of their bone joints? (This passage explains that to understand Mai Du, one must first seek Gu Du [Bone Measurements] to examine the details. "Zhongren" refers to the common measurements of ordinary people; the height of common people is generally taken as seven chi five cun. As Qibo stated in the *Jing Shui Chapter*, an eight-chi tall scholar, and the *Rites of Zhou · Kaogong Ji* also states that humans are eight chi tall; these refer to the dimensions of great men, all using ancient millet rulers. One ancient chi equals eight modern carpenter's cun. Detailed meanings are seen in the appendix *Yi Lu Yuan Huang Zhong Sheng Du Tiao*.) Bogao said: The circumference of the large bones of the head is two chi six cun. (The following describes the total circumferences of the head, chest, and waist. "Wei" means surrounding circle. Two chi six cun are all numbers from the ancient millet ruler system. The following imitates this example. Among the bones of the human body, the head is the largest; the skull is called "Dulou". Men have eight pieces of bone from the vertex to the ears and back of the head, except for people from Caizhou who have one more piece, totaling nine. There is a transverse suture at the back of the head, and directly below it to the hairline, there is another vertical suture. Women have only six pieces of skull bone, with one transverse suture at the back of the head, but no suture directly below it. This is the difference between male and female skulls. "Du" sounds like "du", "Lou" sounds like "lou".) The chest circumference is four chi five cun. (This includes both the chest and the hypochondrium. The area between the two breasts below the clavicle is the chest. There are three horizontal bones in front of the chest, and twelve ribs on each side, eight long and four short. Women have two additional false ribs, fourteen on each side.) The waist circumference is four chi two cun. (The area surrounding the navel level is called the waist. People vary in fatness and thinness, so the size of the waist varies; four chi two cun refers to the approximate measurement of a medium-sized person.) From the hairline covering the forehead to the neck is one chi two cun. (The following describes the longitudinal length when standing upright. The place covered by hair refers to the hairline. Above the anterior hairline is the frontal skull. Below the posterior hairline is the neck. From the frontal skull to the back of the neck is one chi two cun.) From the anterior hairline down to the chin is one chi. (Below the cheek is the mandible. In the middle of the mandible is the Yi [chin]. From the anterior hairline to the Yi is one chi.) A gentleman should exercise discretion. ("Zhong" means beginning and end; "Zhe" means compromise or moderation. It means that although the approximate numbers mentioned above are as such, people differ in size, so a gentleman should consider the entire range and moderate according to the individual. Although this mainly refers to the head and chest, the lower part is the same.) From the Adam's apple down to the suprasternal notch is four cun. (Below the root of the tongue, above the upper connection of the lung, the curved and protruding part is the Adam's apple. The horizontal bone above the chest is the Jugu [Giant Bone]. The depression above the Jugu is the Quepen [Missing Basin].) From the Quepen down to the Jiuwei (CV15) point is nine cun; if greater, the lungs are large; if less, the lungs are small. ("KT" here refers to Jiuwei, also known as Wei Yi, which is the xiphoid process shielding the heart. Below the Quepen and above Jiuwei is the chest, where the lungs reside; thus, a larger chest implies larger lungs, and a smaller chest implies smaller lungs. "KT" sounds like "jie yu".) From Jiuwei down to the Tianshu (ST25) point is eight cun; if greater, the stomach is large; if less, the stomach is small. (Tianshu is located two cun lateral to the umbilicus, an acupoint of the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian. From below Jiuwei to above the umbilicus is the Middle Jiao, where the stomach resides; thus, a longer upper abdomen implies a larger stomach, and a shorter upper abdomen implies a smaller stomach.) From Tianshu down to the Henggu (Pubic Bone) is six and a half cun; if greater, the ileum is wide and long; if less, it is narrow and short. (Henggu refers to the Qugu bone in the pubic hair region. From Tianshu down to Henggu is the Lower Jiao, where the ileum resides. Thus, a larger lower abdomen implies a larger ileum, and a narrower lower abdomen implies a smaller ileum.) The Henggu is six and a half cun wide. From the upper margin of the Henggu down to the upper margin of the Neifu (Inner Accessory Bone) is one chi eight cun. (The Henggu is horizontally six and a half cun wide, alternatively said to be seven and a half cun. "Lian" refers to the edge or corner. Neifu refers to the large bone on the inner side of the knee, also called Fugu.) From the upper margin of the Neifu down to its lower margin is three and a half cun. (This describes the distance between the upper and lower edges of the accessory bone.) From the lower margin of the Neifu down to the medial malleolus is one chi three cun; from the medial malleolus down to the ground is three cun. (The high bones on both sides of the heel are called malleoli; the inner one is the medial malleolus, and the outer one is the lateral malleolus. Malleolus is pronounced "hu gua qie".) From the popliteal crease down to the dorsum pedis junction is one chi six cun; from the dorsum pedis junction down to the ground is three cun. (The bent part behind the knee is called "Guo". The foot surface is called "Fu". "Fu Shu" means the front and back of the foot belong to the dorsum. "Guo" sounds like "guo". "Fu" is pronounced "fu" or "fu".) Therefore, if the bone circumference is large, the corresponding part is excessive; if small, it is insufficient. (All the above descriptions apply to medium-sized individuals; those who are larger exceed these measures, and those who are smaller fall short. The same method applies to the following text.) From the ear angle down to the Zhu Gu (Column Bone) is one chi. (The following describes the longitudinal length when viewed from the side. "Jue" refers to the large bone on the side of the head, i.e., the high angle above the ear. Zhu Gu refers to the top of the shoulder bone, the root of the neck.) Along the axilla where it is not visible is four cun. (This is the hidden path from the Zhu Gu down through the axilla.) From the axilla down to the Ji Xie (Seasonal Hypochondrium) is one chi two cun. (The short ribs at the end of the hypochondrium are called Ji Xie. "Ji" means small.) From the Ji Xie down to the Bi Shu (Hip Pivot) is six cun. The thigh is called "Bi". The bone groove on the outer side of the upper thigh is called "Shu", which is the pivot of movement. "Bi" is pronounced "bing mi qie", and also "bi".) From the Bi Shu down to the middle of the knee is one chi nine cun. (Middle of the knee refers to the midpoint of the lateral bone groove of the knee.) From the knee down to the lateral malleolus is one chi six cun; from the lateral malleolus down to Jinggu (BL64) is three cun; from Jinggu down to the ground is one cun. (Jinggu is an acupoint of the Foot-Taiyang Bladder Meridian, located in the depression between the red and white flesh below the large bone after the base of the little toe.) The width behind the ear at the Wang Gu (Complete Bone) is nine cun. (This describes the transverse width behind the ear. The high bone behind the ear is called Wang Gu, an acupoint of the Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian, entering the hairline by four fen, with a width of nine cun between left and right.) The width at the Er Men (Ear Gate) in front of the ear is one chi three cun; the distance between the two Ziquan (Cheekbones) is seven cun; the width between the two nipples is nine and a half cun; the width between the two thighs is six and a half cun. (This describes the transverse width when standing upright. The Er Men acupoint corresponds to the Tinggong (SI19) point of the Hand-Taiyang Small Intestine Meridian. The high bone under the eye is the zygomatic bone. The space between the two thighs refers to the middle of the two legs, at the ends of the Henggu.) The foot is one chi two cun long and four and a half cun wide. (The following describes the dimensions of the hands and feet. The sole of the foot is one chi two cun long. "Guang" means width.) From the shoulder to the elbow is one chi seven cun. (Shoulder refers to the acromion. The middle joint of the arm is called the elbow.) From the elbow to the wrist is one chi two and a half cun. (The joint connecting the arm and palm is called the wrist.) From the wrist to the proximal interphalangeal joint of the middle finger is four cun; from this joint to the fingertip is four and a half cun. (Proximal joint refers to the root of the posterior segment of the finger. End refers to the fingertip.) From the posterior hairline down to the dorsal bone is two and a half cun. (Xiang Fa refers to the posterior neck hairline. Bei Gu refers to the first thoracic vertebra, Dazhui, excluding the cervical vertebrae.) From the Lv Gu (Spinal Bone) down to the twenty-one segments of the coccyx is three chi. The first segment is one and one-fourteenth cun long, with the remainder distributed in the lower segments; therefore, the upper seven segments up to the spinal bone total nine and seven-eighths cun. (Lv Gu refers to the vertebral column. There are twenty-four vertebrae in the neck and back. Excluding the three cervical vertebrae, the Lv Gu from Dazhui down to the coccyx totals twenty-one segments, measuring three chi in total. Each upper segment is one and one-fourteenth cun long, i.e., 1.14 cun. Thus, the upper seven segments total 9.87 cun. The remaining fractional parts are in the lower segments. The vertebral column is small externally and large internally; humans can bear heavy loads because of the magnitude of these bones. The coccyx is pointed in men and round and flat in women. "Di" sounds like "di".) These are the bone measurements of ordinary people, used to establish the lengths of the meridians. Therefore, when observing the meridians in the body, those that appear floating and firm, bright and large, indicate abundant blood; those that are fine and sparse indicate abundant Qi. (This concludes the first section. By using bone measurements to differentiate the meridians, one can observe the prosperity and decline of blood and Qi.)