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The viscera and bowels, qi, and blood of the human body have a fixed regular pattern in their exterior-interior correspondence. This chapter merely narrates these facts without making specific judgments. As for the methods of acupuncture at acupoints, only a general overview is briefly mentioned, which is not worth recording in detail.

The fixed regular patterns of the human body are as follows: Taiyang (Greater Yang) usually has abundant blood and deficient qi; Shaoyang (Lesser Yang) usually has deficient blood and abundant qi; Yangming (Yang Brightness) usually has abundant qi and abundant blood; Shaoyin (Lesser Yin) usually has deficient blood and abundant qi; Jueyin (Terminal Yin) usually has abundant blood and deficient qi; Taiyin (Greater Yin) usually has abundant qi and deficient blood. These are the natural constants determined by Heaven. (The abundance or deficiency of qi and blood are natural constants; therefore, the principle of using needles is often to drain what is excessive. Note: The New Corrections state: "According to Chapter 'Twelve Rivers' in the *Jia Yi Jing*: 'Yangming has abundant blood and qi, Taiyang has abundant blood and qi, Shaoyang has deficient blood and abundant qi, Taiyin has abundant blood and deficient qi, Shaoyin has deficient blood and abundant qi, Jueyin has abundant blood and deficient qi.' The amounts of blood and qi in Taiyang and Taiyin differ from those in the *Su Wen*. However, Chapter 'Twenty-Five Types of People with Different Yin-Yang Forms, Natures, and Blood-Qi' agrees with the *Su Wen*. It seems Huangfu Mi had doubts and preserved both versions.")

Foot Taiyang corresponds to Foot Shaoyin as exterior-interior pairs; Foot Shaoyang corresponds to Foot Jueyin as exterior-interior pairs; Foot Yangming corresponds to Foot Taiyin as exterior-interior pairs. These are the Yin-Yang pairings of the foot. Hand Taiyang corresponds to Hand Shaoyin as exterior-interior pairs; Hand Shaoyang corresponds to Hand Jueyin (Pericardium) as exterior-interior pairs; Hand Yangming corresponds to Hand Taiyin as exterior-interior pairs. These are the Yin-Yang pairings of the hand. (Note: Foot Taiyang refers to the Bladder; Foot Shaoyin refers to the Kidney. Foot Shaoyang refers to the Gallbladder; Foot Jueyin refers to the Liver. Foot Yangming refers to the Stomach; Foot Taiyin refers to the Spleen. Hand Taiyang refers to the Small Intestine; Hand Shaoyin refers to the Heart. Hand Shaoyang refers to the Sanjiao (Triple Burner); Hand Jueyin refers to the Pericardium (Heart Master). Hand Yangming refers to the Large Intestine; Hand Taiyin refers to the Lung. Zang organs are Yin and belong to the interior; Fu organs are Yang and belong to the exterior.)

Now that we know the ailments suffered by the Yin and Yang meridians of the hands and feet, when treating any disease, one must first remove the blood to eliminate the suffering. Then, secretly observe the patient's condition to determine excess or deficiency, and subsequently apply draining techniques to excess and tonifying techniques to deficiency... (Note: Malignant blood stagnating in the meridians causes suffering. To remove this suffering, one must first needle to release the blood. 'Si' means to secretly observe. After releasing the blood, secretly observing the patient's preferences and conditions allows one to know whether the disease belongs to excess or deficiency, after which tonification and drainage can be applied.)

Needling Yangming releases blood and qi; needling Taiyang releases blood but avoids dissipating qi; needling Shaoyang releases qi but avoids damaging blood; needling Taiyin releases qi but avoids damaging blood; needling Shaoyin releases qi but avoids damaging blood; needling Jueyin releases blood but avoids dissipating qi. (This clarifies the general principles of needling based on the abundance or deficiency of qi and blood in the three Yang and three Yin meridians. Note: The note at the beginning of the chapter says, "The way of using needles is often to drain what is excessive." Therefore, what is abundant should be released, while what is deficient should generally avoid being released. Note: The New Corrections state: "This section on needling Yangming should follow 'drain excess and tonify deficiency' and should not be placed after 'treating the five forms and spirits.'" Upon careful examination of the text's meaning, placing it here is most appropriate, so it is retained here.)

When the body is comfortable but the spirit is distressed, diseases arise in the vessels. Treatment employs moxibustion and acupuncture. ("Body" refers to the physical form; "Spirit" refers to the mind/intent. "Body comfortable" means little physical labor; "Spirit distressed" means deep worry and overthinking. Note: Vessels refer to the network of channels throughout the body. Channels are where qi and blood nourish. Although the body is at rest, if the heart/mind suffers, qi becomes stagnant and blood slows down, causing blockage in the body's channels and leading to disease. Stagnant qi must be unblocked; sluggish blood must be guided. Nothing is better than moxibustion and acupuncture for unblocking stagnation and guiding sluggishness.)

When both the body and spirit are comfortable, diseases arise in the flesh/muscles. Treatment employs needles and stone needles. (If sinews and bones are not labored, and the mind and spirit are joyful, muscle texture becomes tight, airways become full, and Wei Qi (Defensive Qi) becomes obstructed, so diseases arise in the muscles. When Wei Qi is excessive, it is drained with needles. If pus and blood accumulate, they are broken with stones. "Stone" refers to stone needles, i.e., Bian stones.)

When the body is labored but the spirit is happy, diseases arise in the sinews/tendons. Treatment employs hot compresses and Daoyin (guiding and pulling exercises). ("Body labored" refers to engaging in work/service. "Hot compress" refers to medicinal heat application; "Daoyin" refers to guiding and pulling exercises. Note: Overlabor injures the sinews. Injured sinews relax when exposed to heat and contract when exposed to cold. Applying heat and Daoyin makes them soft and prevents issues of relaxation or contraction.)

When both the body and spirit are labored/distressed, diseases arise in the throat/pharynx. Treatment employs various medicines. (Note: Internal distress to the mind and external labor to the body cause fire to flare up and water [Kidney Yin] to become deficient. Water cannot control fire, so fire rises unchecked to the throat/pharynx. This differs from cases where excessive consumption of roasted/grilled foods leads to accumulation of excess heat. The treatment method involves either nourishing Yin to descend fire, or guiding fire back to its source, with a small addition of pungent-cool herbs to open blockages. Note: In the *Jia Yi Jing*, "throat/pharynx" is written as "exhaustion," and "various medicines" as "sweet medicines.")

When the body frequently experiences fright and fear, meridians become blocked, and diseases manifest as numbness/anesthesia. Treatment employs massage and medicinal wine. This is called the "Five Forms and Spirits." (Massage opens blockages and guides Yin and Yang. Medicinal wine nourishes righteousness, expels evil, regulates the middle, and manages qi. "Medicinal wine" refers to wine-based medicine. "Numbness" implies heaviness/lack of sensation. Note: Fright causes qi to become chaotic; fear causes qi to sink. Thus, meridians become closed and blocked. Since qi does not flow, blood stagnates, resulting in a lack of pain and itch sensation. Numbness is due to the stubborn stagnation of qi and blood.)