腹部折量。诸说众多。不知所适从。按除中行法。内经云。冲脉气所发者。二十二穴挟
鸠尾
外各半寸。至脐寸一。挟脐下旁各五分。至横骨寸一。腹脉法也。甲乙经云。自幽门。挟巨
阙两旁。各半寸。循冲脉下行至横骨。又至肓俞云。直脐旁五分。甲乙铜人等皆云冲脉足少
阴之会。盖以骨空论为主也。独难经云。并足阳明之经挟脐上行。恐非也。鸠尾。内经所称。
指蔽骨。不可以为穴名也。其名本以蔽骨状似鸠尾。古书。指蔽骨者十之八九。不可不知也。鸠
尾外无穴。而言挟鸠尾外。即除蔽骨。而取之也。又至脐言挟脐则除脐可见也。鸠尾与脐上
下相照。其中间明于言外。是古文辞法也。又内经云足阳明脉气所发者膺中骨间各一。挟鸠
尾之
外。当乳下三寸。挟胃脘。各五。挟脐广三寸。各三。下脐二寸。挟之各三。甲乙经云。自不
容
挟幽门。两旁各一寸五分。至气冲。又自期门。上直两乳。挟不容两旁各一寸五分。下行至
冲门因此考之。脐旁五分。足少阴经也。其旁一寸五分足阳明经也。其旁一寸五分。上直两乳。
足太阴经也。共计三寸五分。取一绳自脐旁。横量至直乳下。断去之。又去二分半。折为三
寸五分。以定三经。此不问除任脉几寸。始得其法矣。去二分半。说见下。
世人皆云。胸博每行至腹内屈五分。两乳间八寸。腹脾经。相去七寸。不知何据。骨度
篇曰。胸围四尺五寸。腰围四尺二寸。腰减于胸三寸。虽今人皆然。两乳相去九寸半。是古法也。胸
部
。各相去凡三寸半。而为七寸。合任脉之分一寸半。凡八寸半。胸去中行。四寸七分强至乳中
。腹去中行四寸二分强至直乳中。此腰减于胸三寸。则腹居于其中可知减于胸。自脐至横骨六
寸半。又横骨长六寸半。腹部四行。共不出其两端。然则自胸至腹渐渐狭。而腹至横骨更狭
故二行三行。四行根据分量目巧取之。何有内屈之理。诸书一据两乳八寸说。故如其所载去中行
几寸去任脉几寸。皆无稽之言。故不取也。而今不言任脉广几寸者。无明文也。甲乙经。不容注曰。
去
曰。去任脉二寸。所余五分。两旁合。为一寸。不知孰是。故今以脐与鸠尾。定除任脉之分
量。不言几寸者。内经之意也。世人以两乳八寸之度。除任脉果如何耶。其说至中府云门去乳
中二寸。而穷矣。故其言曰。以同身寸奚一胸之际。而乳间用长尺。乳后用短尺。岂有此理
乎。极知两乳间八寸。无稽之言也。
腹中行自鸠尾。下行至会阴。凡十五穴。
鸠尾（素问）一名尾翳（灵枢）一名 HT 。（甲乙）一名神府（千金）一名HT 。（聚英大成）臆
前。
蔽骨下五分。（甲乙）其骨垂下如鸠尾形。故以为名。人无蔽骨者。从岐骨下行一寸。（圣济）禁
刺灸（甲乙）宜针（外台。引甄权）此穴大难针。大好手。方可针。（资生）
按古书中。称 者。有三义。或岐骨。或蔽骨。或谓穴名又称鸠尾者。亦同。后人不之
知也
。素问曰。鸠尾下三寸。胃脘。胃脘上脘也。又足阳明脉气所发之章云。挟鸠尾之外。当乳
下三寸。挟胃脘。言阳明经。至直乳挟蔽骨下行。岐骨下三寸。至上脘旁。复下行也。又云
。 至脐八寸太仓居其中。太仓中脘也。言自岐骨际。至脐八寸。中脘。在其中央也。此
指岐骨际。挟鸠尾之外。之鸠尾指蔽骨。何则蔽骨有长短。故皆据岐骨为度。蔽骨长为五
分
。乃称鸠尾穴者。皆在岐骨下一寸。千金伤寒篇曰。灸心下三处。第一处。去心下一寸名巨
阙。第二处。去心下二寸。名上脘。第三处。去心下三寸。名胃脘。各灸五十壮。然人形。大
小不同恐寸数有异。可绳度随其长短寸数。最佳。取绳。从心头骨。名鸠尾头。度取脐孔中
屈绳取半。当绳头名胃脘。又中屈半绳更分为二分。从胃脘向上。度一分即是上脘。又上度取
一分。即是巨阙。此说不是。俗多以从鸠尾穴至脐为八寸。或自蔽骨为八寸而以腹部脐上七寸五
分折量。诸穴置其间。故不合。遂以中脘为鸠尾下三寸。或三寸半。妄说也。又按甲乙经曰。
上脘在巨阙下。一寸五分。去蔽骨三寸。中脘在上脘下一寸。居心蔽骨与脐之中。此皇甫氏之
误也。滑寿。遂以 鸠尾共做蔽骨而看。故曰。上脘去蔽骨三寸。注上脘曰。巨阙下一寸当
一寸五分。强合内经鸠尾下三寸文。盖鸠尾穴。在蔽骨下五分。古来相传之说也。滑寿曰。无蔽骨
者从岐骨际。下行一寸是也。然不辨蔽骨长短。故后人论说。棼然。今按岐骨至脐为八寸。
岐骨下行一寸为鸠尾穴。此蔽骨长五分。为常人之度。其下五分为鸠尾穴。是大概而言之。由此
观之。假令蔽骨长一寸。亦以为五分。自蔽骨端至脐中。折为七寸五分。以定其穴。其旁准拟
而取之也。若蔽骨短不见者。以岐骨下一寸取鸠尾。恐无害。学人察诸村上亲方。骨度正误曰。
HT 者。蔽心骨而从岐骨之间。垂下如指之大骨也。附胸骨之部分也。是胸腹之界限也。不
察于此。而以岐骨为限。以分骨度。岂合经旨乎。舍蔽骨而取岐骨岂合骨度乎。其弊由不知
HT 有三义。肘后曰心厌者指鸠尾。或言心厌尖。心厌之说。多参差盖不知有三义也。厌与蔽同
护于心脏之意也。广雅曰。 缺盆 也。玉篇曰肩骨。不是。
巨阙（脉经）一名心募。（大成）鸠尾下一寸。（甲乙）
按肘后方曰。正心厌尖头下一寸。不是。又曰。心厌尖尖四下一寸以赤度之。此文不解。
恐有脱
误。资生曰。鸠尾拒者。少令强一寸。中人有鸠尾拒之。亦不可解。千金。外台。巨阙注散
见各篇者。差谬多。不与明堂篇所记同。以其文繁。故不录于此。金鉴曰。两岐骨下二寸。
大成。亦作鸠尾两岐骨下一寸。两字。不可解。骨度正误曰巨阙一穴。今人多言脐上六寸。
非也。是亦自张氏始。是由岐骨蔽骨之差也。当作六寸五分矣。此说亦误。
上脘（脉经）一名胃脘。一名上纪。（素问）一名胃管。（乡药集成）一名上管。（宝鉴）巨阙
下一寸。（千金）脐上五寸。（类经）鸠尾下二寸。（增注）孕妇禁灸。（类经）不针。（乡药集成）
按甲乙经。作巨阙下一寸五分。去蔽骨三寸也。非矣。说既见。为一寸五分。腹部旁穴
。皆不合内经每寸一穴意。上脘。中脘。下脘。外台。皆作管。
中脘（甲乙）一名太仓。（素问）一名胃募。（千金） 至脐八寸。太仓。居其中。为脐上
四寸。（素问）上脘下一寸。（甲乙）鸠尾下三寸。（千金）孕妇禁灸。（类经）
按至脐。脐上。皆自脐中度之。经云。上纪者。胃脘也。次注曰。谓中脘。资生。类经
。以
胃脘上纪为中脘一名。而经曰。鸠尾下三寸。胃脘五寸。胃脘。脘管也。上脘。中脘。皆胃
脘也。然则上纪者。盖上脘一名。资生类经。共承王冰之误。千金翼。胃病篇曰。心下二寸
。名胃管。又曰。胃管。在心鸠尾下三寸。是上脘。中脘。共称胃管。又针灸中篇。作心下
四寸。甲乙作在心蔽骨与脐之中。非也。说既见。肘后方。曰。在心厌下四寸。千金霍乱篇
曰。在心厌下四寸脐上一夫。巨阙注。言心厌尖者指蔽骨。此言心厌者。似指岐骨然易混。
故不取。
建里（甲乙）中脘下一寸。（甲乙）脐上三寸。（类经）鸠尾下四寸。（入门）孕妇禁灸（类经）
禁灸（入门）
下脘（脉经）一名幽门。（圣济）建里下一寸。（甲乙）脐上二寸。（类经）鸠尾下五寸。（入
门）孕妇禁灸。（外台。引甄权）
按难经曰。太仓下口为幽门。滑寿曰。在脐上二寸下脘之分。以幽门不为穴名。今从圣
济总录。气府论曰。鸠尾下三寸。胃脘。五寸胃脘。
水分（甲乙）一名中守（千金）一名分水。（明堂）下脘下一寸。脐上一寸。（甲乙）鸠尾下六
寸。
（入门）孕妇禁灸。（外台。引甄权）禁刺。（资生注曰。明去水气。惟得针水沟针余穴水尽即
死。何于此却云可针今校勘不针为是。）
按明堂。医学纲目。作分水。今为一名。难经云。大肠小肠之会为阑门。滑寿曰。在脐上
一寸。水分穴。诸家以阑门不为水分一名。暂记之以俟知者又奇穴有水分。
神阙（外台）古名。脐中。（甲乙）一名气舍。（外台）禁刺（甲乙）
按古书无注。气穴论曰。脐一穴。甲乙。千金。并翼方。次注皆曰脐中。而无神阙之名
。此名见于外台。资生。大全。宝鉴。舍作合。恐字误。
阴交（甲乙）一名少关。一名横户。（甲乙）一名丹田。（神相全编）脐下一寸。（甲乙）自脐
中心。度之。（增注）孕妇禁灸。（外台。引甄权）
按外台。甄权云。穴在阴茎下。附底宛宛中。程敬通曰。似属会阴。非阴交也。类经。
聚英。医统。吴文炳。并曰。三焦募。神相全编曰。丹田。脐下一寸是也。
气海（脉经）一名脖 。一名下肓（甲乙）一名丹田（本事）脐下一寸五分。（甲乙）宛宛中（
明堂）忌不可针（千金）孕妇禁灸。（外台引甄权）
按脖。吴文炳。作HT 。大成。作HT 。肓作音。吴文炳。作一寸非。本事方曰。气海一穴
道家名曰丹田。
石门（甲乙）一名利机。一名精露。一名丹田。一名命门。（甲乙）一名三焦募（大成。引
聚英今本不见。）脐下二寸。（甲乙）女子禁刺灸中央。不幸使人绝子。（甲乙）
按甲乙曰。三焦募。孙真人曰。至如石门。关元二穴。在带脉下。相去一寸之间。针关
元主
妇人无子。针石门。则终身绝嗣。神庭一穴。在于额上。刺之主发狂灸之则愈癫疾。其道幽
隐岂可轻侮之哉。
关元（素问）一名下纪。（素问）一名次门。（甲乙）一名丹田。（资生）一名大中极。（大全）
一名小肠募（大成。引聚英今本不见。）齐下关元三寸。（素问）
按周密癸辛杂志曰。张安道养生诀云。丹田。在脐下三寸。是也。资生经曰。脐下二
寸。
名石门。明堂载甲乙经云。一名丹田。千金。素问注。亦谓丹田在脐下二寸。世医因是遂以
石门为丹田误矣。丹田乃在脐下三寸。难经疏论之详。而有据。宝鉴曰。关元。一名丹田。
按阴交。气海石门关元。皆名丹田。恐有误。类经曰。此穴。当人身上下四旁之中。故又名
大中极。疑是中极之解误写于此也。暂存之。脉经。甲乙。并曰。小肠募。
中极（脉经）一名气原。一名玉泉。（甲乙）一名膀胱募（千翼）脐下四寸。（甲乙）关元下一
寸。（千金）孕妇禁灸。（外台）针即有子。又云。灸不及针。（资生）
按脉经。甲乙。并曰。膀胱募。
曲骨（甲乙）一名尿胞。一名屈骨。一名屈骨端。（千金）横骨上。中极下一寸。毛际。陷
者中。动脉应手。（甲乙）
按脐中以下。至横骨。长六寸半。是古法也。今人脐心下。至横骨。折作五寸。此误读
张介
宾说。遂至此。张氏至曲骨。折作五寸。谓毛际曲骨穴。非谓横骨也。甲乙经。中极下一寸
。
为曲骨。当横骨上一寸半毛际。从俗说则此穴。当阴毛中横骨。故知其非是千金曰。小便数
起。灸玉泉下一寸。名尿胞一名屈骨端。又赤白沃阴中干痛恶。合阴阳。小腹 坚。小便闭
。刺屈骨。入寸半。灸三壮。在中极下一寸。即曲骨也。今移为一名。
会阴（甲乙）一名屏翳（甲乙）一名金门（千金）一名平医（大全）一名下极。（金鉴）大便前。
小便后。两阴之间（甲乙）
按千金云。金门。在谷道前。囊之后。当中央是也。从阴囊下。度至大孔前。中分之。
今移为别名。
腹第二行自幽门挟巨阙两旁各半寸。下行至横骨。凡二十二穴。
幽门（甲乙）一名上门。（甲乙）巨阙两旁各五分。陷者中（甲乙）
按明堂。入门。大全。作一寸半。千金心脏篇。作一寸。金鉴从之。以上诸书似有所见。
然不合经文。今定不容穴。内又一寸五分。取此穴。
通谷（甲乙）幽门下一寸。陷者中。（甲乙）挟上脘。（类经）
按聚英。引素问注曰。自肓俞。至幽门去中行。各一寸。误也。今阅。次注曰。挟巨阙
两旁
。相去各半寸。下五穴各相去一寸。是谓幽门以下五穴。上下之间。各一寸。非去中行之谓
。不然不合内经。挟鸠尾外各半寸。至脐寸。一之文。而相去二字。惑诸人。
阴都（甲乙）一名食宫。（甲乙）一名通关（医纲）通谷下一寸（甲乙）挟胃管（千金）
按医学纲目。引摘英曰。通关。在中脘旁。各五分。针入八分。左捻能进饮食。右捻能
和脾
胃。许氏曰。此穴。一针四效。凡下针后良久觉脾磨食觉针动。为一效。次针破病根。腹中作
声。为二效。次觉流入膀胱。为三效。又次觉气流行腰后骨空间。为四效。主治五噎。吞酸
多睡。呕吐。不止。是为阴都穴。明矣。乃今移入一名。
石关（甲乙）一名石阙。（千金）阴都下。一寸。（甲乙）并建里。（医门摘要）
商曲（甲乙）一名高曲。（千金）石关下一寸（甲乙）并下脘（医门摘要）
Measurement of bone proportions on the abdomen involves numerous theories, leaving one unsure which to follow. According to the method excluding the midline (Ren Mai), *Huangdi Neijing* states: There are twenty-two acupoints where the Qi of the Chong Mai emerges, located half a cun lateral to each side of Jiutui (Tailbone Acupoint), extending to the umbilicus at intervals of one cun; and five fen lateral to each side below the umbilicus down to Henggu (Horizontal Bone), also at intervals of one cun. This is the method for measuring abdominal meridians. *Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing* states: From Youmen (Gate of Stomach) acupoint, half a cun lateral to both sides of Juque (Great Gate) acupoint, descending along the Chong Mai to Henggu. It also mentions Shuyu (Blind Tuberculosis) acupoint, stating it is located five fen lateral to the umbilicus. Both *Jiayi Jing* and the Copper Man figures state that the Chong Mai intersects with the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian, primarily based on *Suwen: Gukong Lun*. Only *Nanjing* states that the Chong Mai ascends alongside the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian flanking the umbilicus, which is likely incorrect.
The term "Jiutui" mentioned in *Neijing* refers to the xiphoid process (bi gu), not directly as an acupoint name. The name originates because the xiphoid process resembles the tail of a turtledove. In ancient texts, referring to the xiphoid process accounts for eighty to ninety percent of cases; this must be known. There are no acupoints outside Jiutui itself; thus, "lateral to Jiutui" means excluding the xiphoid process itself and taking points laterally. Similarly, "flanking the umbilicus" implies excluding the umbilicus itself. Jiutui and the umbilicus correspond vertically, with the meaning implied between the lines, a feature of classical Chinese rhetoric.
Furthermore, *Neijing* records: Points where the Qi of the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian emerges include one point in the intercostal spaces of the chest, three cun below the nipple laterally to the xiphoid process, five points flanking the epigastrium, three points three cun wide flanking the umbilicus, and three points two cun below the umbilicus. *Jiayi Jing* states: From Burong (Not Containing) acupoint, one cun five fen lateral to both sides of Youmen, down to Qichong (Qi Rushing) acupoint. Also, from Qimen (Gate of Liver) acupoint, straight up towards both nipples, one cun five fen lateral to both sides of Burong, descending to Chongmen (Gate of Qi). Based on this verification: Five fen lateral to the umbilicus is the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian; one cun five fen lateral is the Foot-Yangming Stomach Meridian; another one cun five fen lateral, straight up towards the nipples, is the Foot-Taiyin Spleen Meridian. The total width is three cun five fen. Take a rope, measure horizontally from the side of the umbilicus to the point straight below the nipple, cut it. Remove half a cun, and fold the remainder into three cun five fen to define these three meridians. This method works regardless of the Ren Mai's width. The mention of "removing half a cun" is explained below.
People generally claim that the chest widens and curves inward by five fen upon reaching the abdomen, with eight cun between the nipples and seven cun between the abdominal Spleen Meridians, without basis. *Lingshu: Gu Du Pian* states: Chest circumference is four chi five cun, waist circumference is four chi two cun, the waist is three cun narrower than the chest. Although modern people are similar, the distance between the nipples is nine cun and half cun, which is the ancient standard. On the chest, each side is three cun and half cun apart, totaling seven cun. Adding the Ren Mai division of one cun and half cun, the total is eight cun and half cun. The chest is four cun seven fen strong from the midline to Ruzhong (Nipple Center); the abdomen is four cun two fen strong from the midline to the point straight below the nipple. Since the waist is three cun narrower than the chest, the abdomen lies in between and is narrower than the chest, which is evident. From the umbilicus to Henggu is six cun and half cun, and Henggu itself is six cun and half cun long. The four rows of abdominal points do not exceed the ends. Thus, from the chest to the abdomen gradually narrows, and from the abdomen to Henggu narrows further. Therefore, the second, third, and fourth rows can be taken accurately by eye according to proportions; there is no reason for inward curvature. All books rely on the "eight cun between nipples" theory, so their statements on distances from the midline or Ren Mai are baseless and rejected. The reason for not specifying the Ren Mai's width is the lack of explicit text. *Jiayi Jing* notes for Burong: "Two cun from Ren Mai." The remaining five fen, combined on both sides, equals one cun; it is unknown which is correct. Therefore, we now use the umbilicus and Jiutui to determine the non-Ren Mai divisions, not specifying exact inches, following *Neijing*'s intent. How would people calculate the Ren Mai using the eight-cun nipple distance? Their reasoning ends at Zhongfu and Yunmen being two cun from Ruzhong. They say: Using same-body cun, the chest uses a long ruler, behind the nipple a short ruler. This is absurd. It is clear that "eight cun between nipples" is baseless.
The midline of the abdomen, from Jiutui down to Huiyin, contains fifteen acupoints.
**Jiutui** (from *Suwen*), also known as Wei Yi (*Lingshu*), Yiqian (*Jiayi Jing*), Shenfu (*Qianjin Fang*), and Yiqian (*Juying*, *Dacheng*). Located five fen below the xiphoid process (*Jiayi Jing*). The bone hangs down like a turtledove's tail, hence the name. For those without a xiphoid process, take one cun down from the qigu (depression between the body and xiphoid process) (*Shengji Zonglu*). Contraindicated for acupuncture and moxibustion (*Jiayi Jing*). Suitable for acupuncture only (*Waitai Miyao* citing Zhenquan). This point is difficult to needle; only highly skilled practitioners should needle it (*Zisheng Jing*).
Note: The character "Yi" in ancient texts has three meanings: sometimes referring to qigu, sometimes to the xiphoid process, and sometimes as an acupoint name synonymous with Jiutui. Later generations did not understand this. *Suwen* states: Three cun below Jiutui is Weiwuan (Epigastrium), which is Shangwan. In the chapter on Foot-Yangming emerging points: Lateral to Jiutui, three cun below the nipple, flanking Weiwuan. This means the Yangming meridian descends straight below the nipple, flanking the xiphoid process, three cun below qigu to the side of Shangwan, then continues down. It also says: From qigu to the umbilicus is eight cun, Taicang (Zhongwan) is in the middle. Meaning from the edge of qigu to the umbilicus is eight cun, Zhongwan is central. Here, qigu edge is meant, lateral to Jiutui. Jiutui here refers to the xiphoid process. Why? Because the xiphoid process varies in length, so measurements are based on qigu. If the xiphoid process is five fen long, the Jiutui acupoint is called so when it is one cun below qigu. *Qianjin Fang: Shanghan Pian* states: Moxa three points below the heart. First point, one cun below the heart, named Juque. Second point, two cun below the heart, named Shangwan. Third point, three cun below the heart, named Weiwuan. Moxa fifty Zhu each. However, human bodies vary in size, so inch measurements may differ. Use a rope to measure, adjusting for length, which is best. Take a rope from the heart bone, named Jiutui head, measure to the center of the umbilicus, fold the rope in half. The end of the rope marks Weiwuan. Fold the half-rope again into two parts. Measure one fen upward from Weiwuan to get Shangwan. Measure another one fen upward to get Juque. This explanation is incorrect. Popular belief often considers the distance from Jiutui acupoint to the umbilicus as eight cun, or from the xiphoid process as eight cun, dividing the upper abdomen (seven cun five fen above the umbilicus) to place points, which is inconsistent. Thus, some wrongly claim Zhongwan is three cun or three cun half below Jiutui. Also, *Jiayi Jing* states: Shangwan is one cun five fen below Juque, three cun from the xiphoid process. This is Huangfu Mi's error. Hua Shou conflated Jiutui and the xiphoid process, stating Shangwan is three cun from the xiphoid process. He noted Shangwan is one cun below Juque, approximately one cun five fen, forcing it to match *Neijing*'s "three cun below Jiutui". Generally, Jiutui is five fen below the xiphoid process, a traditional saying. Hua Shou said: For those without a xiphoid process, take one cun down from qigu, which is correct. However, failing to distinguish xiphoid length led to confusion. Now, from qigu to the umbilicus is eight cun. One cun down from qigu is Jiutui. Assuming a normal xiphoid length of five fen, the area below is Jiutui. Generally speaking, if the xiphoid were one cun long, treat it as five fen. From the tip of the xiphoid to the umbilicus, divide into seven cun five fen to locate points, referencing laterally. If the xiphoid is short or invisible, taking Jiutui one cun below qigu is likely harmless. Scholars should consult Cunshang Qin's *Gudu Zhengwu*: "Yi" refers to the bone covering the heart, hanging from between the qigu, finger-sized, attached to the sternum, marking the boundary between chest and abdomen. Ignoring this and using qigu as the limit for bone division contradicts the classics. Abandoning the xiphoid for qigu violates bone proportions. This error stems from not knowing "Yi" has three meanings. *Zhouhou Beiji Fang* says: Xinyan refers to Jiutui. Or Xinyan tip. Variations in Xinyan exist due to ignorance of its three meanings. Yan and Bi share the meaning of protecting the heart. *Guanya* says: Keyue (Collarbone depression). *Yupian* says: Shoulder bone. Neither is correct.
**Juque** (from *Maijing*), also known as Xinmu (*Dacheng*). Located one cun below Jiutui (*Jiayi Jing*).
Note: *Zhouhou Fang* says: One cun below the tip of Xinyan, incorrect. Also says: Four cun below the tip of Xinyan, mark with red. This text is unclear, likely containing omissions or errors. *Zisheng Jing* says: "Jiutui ju" implies slightly stronger one cun; some people have a "Jiutui ju," which is hard to explain. Notes on Juque in *Qianjin Fang* and *Waitai Miyao* scattered across chapters contain many errors differing from *Mingtang Pian*. Due to length, they are not recorded here. *Yizong Jinjian* states: Two cun below the two qigu bones. *Dacheng* also writes "two cun below Jiutui/qigu," making "two" inexplicable. *Gudu Zhengwu* states: Many today say Juque is six cun above the umbilicus, which is wrong. This started with Zhang Shi, due to confusion between qigu and xiphoid. It should be six cun five fen. This view is also mistaken.
**Shangwan** (from *Maijing*), also known as Weiwuan, Shangji (*Suwen*), Weiguan (*Xiangji Chengji*), Shangguan (*Baojian*). Located one cun below Juque (*Qianjin Fang*), five cun above the umbilicus (*Leijing*), two cun below Jiutui (*Zengzhu*). Contraindicated for moxibustion in pregnancy (*Leijing*), no acupuncture (*Xiangji Chengji*).
Note: *Jiayi Jing* states one cun five fen below Juque, three cun from the xiphoid process. This is incorrect, as explained above. If it were one cun five fen, abdominal lateral points would not fit *Neijing*'s rule of one point per cun. Shangwan, Zhongwan, Xiawan are all written as "guan" in *Waitai Miyao*.
**Zhongwan** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Taicang (*Suwen*), Weimu (*Qianjin Fang*). From qigu to the umbilicus is eight cun, Taicang is in the middle, four cun above the umbilicus (*Suwen*). One cun below Shangwan (*Jiayi Jing*), three cun below Jiutui (*Qianjin Fang*). Contraindicated for moxibustion in pregnancy (*Leijing*).
Note: From qigu to the umbilicus, and above the umbilicus, are measured from the center of the umbilicus. The classic says: Shangji is Weiwuan. Secondary note says: Refers to Zhongwan. *Zisheng Jing* and *Leijing* consider Weiwuan and Shangji as alternate names for Zhongwan. But the classic says: Three cun below Jiutui is Weiwuan, five cun [from somewhere] is Weiwuan. Weiwuan refers to the stomach tube. Shangwan and Zhongwan are both Weiwuan. Thus, Shangji is likely an alternate name for Shangwan. *Zisheng Jing* and *Leijing* inherited Wang Bing's error. *Qianjin Yi Fang: Wei Bing Pian* states: Two cun below the heart, named Weiguan. Also: Weiguan is three cun below the heart/Jiutui, which is Shangwan. Zhongwan is collectively called Weiguan. *Zhenjiu Zhong Pian* states four cun below the heart. *Jiayi Jing* states between the xiphoid and umbilicus, which is incorrect, as explained. *Zhouhou Fang* states four cun below Xinyan. *Qianjin Fang: Huoluan Pian* states four cun below Xinyan, one fu above the umbilicus. Juque note says Xinyan tip refers to the xiphoid process. Here, Xinyan seems to refer to qigu, causing confusion, so it is not adopted.
**Jianli** (from *Jiayi Jing*). Located one cun below Zhongwan (*Jiayi Jing*), three cun above the umbilicus (*Leijing*), four cun below Jiutui (*Rumen*). Contraindicated for moxibustion in pregnancy (*Leijing*), contraindicated for moxibustion (*Rumen*).
**Xiawan** (from *Maijing*), also known as Youmen (*Shengji Zonglu*). Located one cun below Jianli (*Jiayi Jing*), two cun above the umbilicus (*Leijing*), five cun below Jiutui (*Rumen*). Contraindicated for moxibustion in pregnancy (*Waitai Miyao* citing Zhenquan).
Note: *Nanjing* states: The lower opening of Taicang is Youmen. Hua Shou says: At Xiawan, two cun above the umbilicus, treating Youmen not as an acupoint name. Now following *Shengji Zonglu*. *Qifu Lun* states: Three cun below Jiutui is Weiwuan, five cun [below] is Weiwuan.
**Shuifen** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Zhongshou (*Qianjin Fang*), Fen shui (*Mingtang*). Located one cun below Xiawan, one cun above the umbilicus (*Jiayi Jing*), six cun below Jiutui (*Rumen*). Contraindicated for moxibustion in pregnancy (*Waitai Miyao* citing Zhenquan), contraindicated for needling (*Zisheng Jing* note: To clearly remove water qi, only Shuigou can be needled; needling other points drains all water leading to death. Why say this point can be needled? Current collation deems 'no needling' correct.)
Note: *Mingtang* and *Yixue Gangmu* write Fen shui, now treated as an alias. *Nanjing* says: The meeting of Large Intestine and Small Intestine is Lanmen. Hua Shou says: One cun above the umbilicus at Shuifen. Various schools do not consider Lanmen an alias for Shuifen. Record temporarily for future clarification. There is also an Extra point named Shuifen.
**Shenque** (from *Waitai Miyao*), ancient name Qizhong (*Jiayi Jing*), also known as Qishe (*Waitai Miyao*). Contraindicated for needling (*Jiayi Jing*).
Note: Ancient texts have no notes. *Qixue Lun* states: One point at the umbilicus. *Jiayi Jing*, *Qianjin Fang*, *Yifang*, and secondary notes all say Qizhong, with no name Shenque. This name appears in *Waitai Miyao*, *Zisheng Jing*, *Daqian*, *Baojian*. She as He, likely a typo.
**Yinjiao** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Shao Guan, Heng Hu (*Jiayi Jing*), Dantian (*Shenxiang Quanbian*). Located one cun below the umbilicus (*Jiayi Jing*), measured from the center of the umbilicus (*Zengzhu*). Contraindicated for moxibustion in pregnancy (*Waitai Miyao* citing Zhenquan).
Note: *Waitai Miyao*, Zhenquan says: The point is below the penis, in the depression at the base. Cheng Jingtong says: It seems to belong to Huiyin, not Yinjiao. *Leijing*, *Juying*, *Yitong*, Wu Wenbing all say: Mu point of Sanjiao. *Shenxiang Quanbian* says: Dantian is one cun below the umbilicus.
**Qihai** (from *Maijing*), also known as Bo Yang, Xiahuang (*Jiayi Jing*), Dantian (*Benshi Fang*). Located one cun five fen below the umbilicus (*Jiayi Jing*), in the depression (*Mingtang*). Contraindicated for needling (*Qianjin Fang*), contraindicated for moxibustion in pregnancy (*Waitai Miyao* citing Zhenquan).
Note: Bo Yang, Wu Wenbing writes Yiqian, *Dacheng* writes Yiqian. Huang pronounced. Wu Wenbing says one cun is incorrect. *Benshi Fang* states: Qihai acupoint, Daoists call it Dantian.
**Shimen** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Liji, Jinglu, Dantian, Mingmen (*Jiayi Jing*), Sanjiaomu (*Dacheng* citing *Juying*, not in current edition). Located two cun below the umbilicus (*Jiayi Jing*). Women: Contraindicated for needling and moxibustion at the center; unfortunately causes sterility (*Jiayi Jing*).
Note: *Jiayi Jing* says: Sanjiaomu. Sun Simiao says: As for Shimen and Guanyuan, located below the Dai Mai, one cun apart. Needling Guanyuan treats female infertility; needling Shimen causes lifelong sterility. Shenting acupoint is on the forehead; needling causes mania, moxibustion cures epilepsy. Its principles are profound and hidden, how can they be lightly despised?
**Guanyuan** (from *Suwen*), also known as Xiaji (*Suwen*), Cimen (*Jiayi Jing*), Dantian (*Zisheng Jing*), Da Zhongji (*Daqian*), Xiaochangmu (*Dacheng* citing *Juying*, not in current edition). Three cun below the umbilicus (*Suwen*).
Note: Zhou Mi's *Guixin Zazhi* cites Zhang Andao's health regimen: Dantian is three cun below the umbilicus, which is correct. *Zisheng Jing* states: Two cun below the umbilicus is named Shimen. *Mingtang* cites *Jiayi Jing* saying: Also known as Dantian. *Qianjin Fang* and *Suwen* notes also say Dantian is two cun below the umbilicus. Doctors therefore mistakenly took Shimen as Dantian. Dantian is actually three cun below the umbilicus. *Nanjing Shu* discusses this in detail with evidence. *Baojian* states: Guanyuan, also known as Dantian. Note that Yinjiao, Qihai, Shimen, and Guanyuan are all called Dantian, which may be erroneous. *Leijing* states: This point is in the center of the upper and lower four sides of the body, hence also named Da Zhongji. Suspect this is a miswritten explanation of Zhongji. Temporarily retained. *Maijing* and *Jiayi Jing* both say: Xiaochangmu.
**Zhongji** (from *Maijing*), also known as Qiyuan, Yuquan (*Jiayi Jing*), Pangguangmu (*Qianyi Fang*). Located four cun below the umbilicus (*Jiayi Jing*), one cun below Guanyuan (*Qianjin Fang*). Contraindicated for moxibustion in pregnancy (*Waitai Miyao*). Needling leads to conception. Also says: Moxibustion is inferior to needling (*Zisheng Jing*).
Note: *Maijing* and *Jiayi Jing* both say: Pangguangmu.
**Qugu** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Niaopao, Qugu, Qugu Duan (*Qianjin Fang*). Located above Henggu, one cun below Zhongji, in the depression at the pubic hair line, pulsating (*Jiayi Jing*).
Note: From the umbilicus to Henggu is six cun and half cun, the ancient method. Modern people measure from the umbilicus to Henggu as five cun, a misreading of Zhang Jiabin's theory, leading to this error. Zhang measured to Qugu as five cun, referring to the pubic hair line/Qugu acupoint, not Henggu. *Jiayi Jing*: One cun below Zhongji is Qugu. Located one cun and half cun above Henggu, at the pubic hair line. Following popular belief, this point is in the pubic hair/Henggu, proving it incorrect. *Qianjin Fang* states: Frequent urination, moxa one cun below Yuquan, named Niaopao, also Qugu Duan. Also white/red discharge, dry painful yin, aversion to intercourse, hardness of lower abdomen, urinary retention, needle Qugu, insert one cun and half cun, moxa three Zhu. Located one cun below Zhongji, i.e., Qugu. Now transferred as an alias.
**Huiyin** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Pingyi (*Jiayi Jing*), Jinmen (*Qianjin Fang*), Pingyi (*Daqian*), Xiaji (*Jinjian*). Located before the anus, after the urethra, between the two yins (*Jiayi Jing*).
Note: *Qianjin Fang* says: Jinmen is in front of the anus, behind the scrotum, in the center. Measuring from below the scrotum to the front of the anus, dividing in the middle. Now transferred as an alias.
The second row of the abdomen, from Youmen half a cun lateral to both sides of Juque, descending to Henggu, contains twenty-two acupoints.
**Youmen** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Shangmen (*Jiayi Jing*). Located five fen lateral to both sides of Juque, in the depression (*Jiayi Jing*).
Note: *Mingtang*, *Rumen*, *Daqian* state one cun five fen. *Qianjin Fang: Xin Zang Pian* states one cun. *Jinjian* follows this. These books seem to have insights but contradict the classic text. Now determining Burong acupoint, add another one cun five fen inside to locate this point.
**Tonggu** (from *Jiayi Jing*). Located one cun below Youmen, in the depression (*Jiayi Jing*), flanking Shangwan (*Leijing*).
Note: *Juying* citing *Suwen* note says: From Shuyu to Youmen, each one cun from the midline, is incorrect. Reading the secondary note: Flanking Juque, half a cun apart, the next five points are each one cun apart. This refers to the five points below Youmen, spaced one cun vertically, not from the midline. Otherwise, it contradicts *Neijing*'s "half a cun lateral to Jiutui, one cun to the umbilicus". The phrase "apart" confused many.
**Yindu** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Shigong (*Jiayi Jing*), Tongguan (*Yigang*). Located one cun below Tonggu (*Jiayi Jing*), flanking Weiguan (*Qianjin Fang*).
Note: *Yixue Gangmu* citing *Zhaoying* says: Tongguan, five fen lateral to Zhongwan. Insert needle eight fen. Twisting left promotes eating; twisting right harmonizes spleen and stomach. Xu Shi says: This point has four effects with one insertion. After inserting, feeling the spleen digest food and the needle move is the first effect. Next, the needle breaks the disease root, causing abdominal sounds, is the second effect. Next, feeling qi flow into the bladder is the third effect. Finally, feeling qi flow in the space behind the lumbar bones is the fourth effect. Mainly treats five types of dysphagia, acid regurgitation, excessive sleepiness, persistent vomiting. This clearly defines Yindu acupoint. Now transferred as an alias.
**Shiguan** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Shique (*Qianjin Fang*). Located one cun below Yindu (*Jiayi Jing*), aligning with Jianli (*Yimen Yaoyao*).
**Shangqu** (from *Jiayi Jing*), also known as Gaoqu (*Qianjin Fang*). Located one cun below Shiguan (*Jiayi Jing*), aligning with Xiawan (*Yimen Yaoyao*).