何以谓之伏。推筋按至骨。伤寒欲汗阳邪解。厥逆脐疼温药服。（濒湖曰。伤寒一手伏。曰单伏、两手伏、曰双伏、
不可以阳症见阴为诊。乃火邪内郁。不得发越。阳极似阴。故脉伏、必有大汗而解。不可发表。又有夹阴伤寒。先有伏
阴托内。外复感寒。阴盛阳衰。四肢厥逆。六脉俱伏。须投姜附及炙关元。脉乃复出。若太溪冲阳。皆无脉者。必死。）
寸司呕吐关司痛。尺部疝瘕利水谷。（霍乱、呕吐、腹痛、男子疝、女子瘕聚、痛甚者。其脉多伏。暴泄者。脉亦多伏。）
脉以浮沉合辨者曰实。大而长。浮沉皆得。凡一脉。
实脉大而长。浮沉皆者力。风热蕴蓄深。谵语发狂疾。（邪气盛则实。浮有力。表实也。沉有力。理实也。所以然者。
由风邪深入。郁而发热。热甚。则丧其神守。故谵语、更甚、则发狂。所谓重肠者，狂也。左手脉实者，宜发之。右手
脉实腹满者。宜下之。）寸实呕吐频。心胸苦气逆。积聚腹疼候在关。大便不通候在尺。
濒湖曰。脉诀言尺实。小便不禁。与脉经尺实。小腹痛。小便痈之说何反。洁古不知其谬。药用姜附。愈谬矣。愚
按脉诀所言。亦出脉经。脉经云。尺脉实。小腹痛小便不禁。宜服当归汤加大黄一两。据用大黄。则脉经以尺实为热明
矣。洁古用姜附可谓大误。但虚寒不足之症。火不能摄水。则小便不禁。此系实热。而脉经何以亦有小便不禁之言。意
者热渴饮多。大便闭塞。水独归膀胱。则小便数。小便数。则不及溺之。即自出。亦谓为小便不禁耶。
脉以至数辨者曰迟。一息三至曰缓。一息四至曰数。一息六至曰结。缓时一止曰促。数时一至曰代。止有常数。迟
入尺中。良久方来。凡六脉。
Why is it called "Fu" (Hidden) pulse? It refers to a pulse that is extremely deep, requiring pushing the tendons and pressing down to the bone to be felt. In cases of Shanghan (Cold Damage) where sweating is desired to resolve exterior Yang pathogens, [if Fu pulse appears, it indicates a different pathology]. When there is Jue Ni (cold extremities) and umbilical pain, warm medicines should be administered. (Li Shizhen said: In Shanghan disease, if the pulse is hidden in one hand, it is called Dan Fu (Single Hidden); if hidden in both hands, it is called Shuang Fu (Double Hidden). One cannot diagnose based solely on the premise that Yang syndromes present with Yin pulses. This occurs because Fire pathogen is internally constrained and cannot vent outward; extreme Yang resembles Yin, hence the pulse is hidden. Resolution must come through profuse sweating. Exterior-releasing methods are contraindicated. There is also "Jia Yin Shanghan" (Shanghan with concealed Yin), where concealed Yin exists internally before external cold invasion, leading to excess Yin and deficient Yang, cold extremities, and all six pulses being hidden. One must administer Gan Jiang (Dried Ginger) and Fu Zi (Prepared Aconite Root), and moxa Guanyuan (CV-4), for the pulse to reappear. If there is no pulse at Taixi (KI-3) and Chongyang (ST-42), death is certain.) The Cun (Inch) position governs vomiting; the Guan (Bar) position governs pain; the Chi (Cubit) position governs hernia, Jia Ju (masses), and diarrhea of undigested food and water. (In Huoluan (Cholera-like disorder), vomiting, abdominal pain, male hernia, female masses, and severe pain, the pulse is often hidden. In sudden diarrhea, the pulse is also often hidden.)
Pulses distinguished by floating/sinking and strength are called "Shi" (Excess) pulse. The pulse is large and long, and forceful upon both floating and sinking palpation. Regarding this type of pulse...
The Shi pulse is large and long, exhibiting force upon both floating and sinking palpation. This indicates deep accumulation of Wind-Heat, manifesting as delirium and manic disorders. (When Evil Qi is excessive, it is Excess. Forceful upon floating indicates Exterior Excess; forceful upon sinking indicates Interior Excess. This is because Wind pathogen has penetrated deeply, stagnating and generating heat. Severe heat causes loss of Shen (Spirit) control, resulting in delirium; if more severe, it leads to mania. What is referred to as "Zhong Chang" is mania. If the Left Hand pulse is Excess, emission/sweating therapy is indicated. If the Right Hand pulse is Excess accompanied by abdominal fullness, purgation is indicated.) At the Cun position, Excess pulse indicates frequent vomiting; distress from rebellious Qi in the chest and heart; Accumulation and abdominal pain symptoms appear at the Guan position; constipation symptoms appear at the Chi position.
Li Shizhen said: Mai Jue states that an Excess pulse at the Chi position indicates urinary incontinence, which contradicts Mai Jing's statement that an Excess pulse at the Chi position indicates lower abdominal pain and strangury (difficulty/painful urination). Jiegu (Zhang Congzheng) failed to recognize this error and used Ginger and Aconite, compounding the mistake. I have examined that what Mai Jue says also originates from Mai Jing. Mai Jing records: "Chi pulse Excess, lower abdominal pain, urinary incontinence, suitable to take Dang Gui Tang plus Da Huang (Rhubarb Root) 1 liang." Based on the use of Da Huang, it is clear that Mai Jing considers Chi Excess to be Heat. Jiegu's use of Ginger and Aconite was a major error. However, in deficiency-cold insufficiency syndromes, Fire fails to secure Water, leading to urinary incontinence. This belongs to Excess-Heat syndrome. Why does Mai Jing mention urinary incontinence? My guess is that due to intense heat and thirst, excessive drinking occurs, combined with fecal impaction, causing Water to concentrate solely in the Bladder, resulting in frequent urination. Due to frequency, voiding may not be controlled, leaking out spontaneously, which is also termed urinary incontinence.
Pulses distinguished by rate are called "Chi" (Slow) pulse. Three beats per respiration cycle is called "Huan" (Moderate/Relaxed) pulse. Four beats per respiration cycle is called "Shu" (Rapid) pulse. Six beats per respiration cycle is called "Jie" (Knotted) pulse [Note: Textual anomaly, usually Jie is irregular stop]; Huan pulse with occasional stops is called "Cu" (Surging) pulse. Shu pulse with occasional stops is called "Dai" (Intermittent) pulse. Stops occur at regular intervals. Chi pulse enters the Chi position, returning only after a long delay. Regarding the six pulses...