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[Physical Manifestation] The physical manifestation of the Cu (Surging) pulse is rapid and hurried, with an occasional pause during the fast rhythm; it is like running and suddenly stumbling, where continuing to advance leads to death.
The meaning of the Cu pulse lies in the occasional pause amidst the rapidity, which is a sign of Yang excess. Mr. Li said: "Like stumbling while running, with irregular speed." This profoundly captures its essence. Wang Shuhe stated: "The Cu pulse comes and goes rapidly, with an occasional pause before returning." This is also quite clear and concise.

[Main Diseases] The Cu pulse arises from Fire hyperactivity or from the stagnation of tangible pathogens. A Cu pulse at the Left Cun position indicates blazing Heart Fire. A Cu pulse at the Left Guan position indicates blood stasis causing harm. A Cu pulse at the Left Chi position causes worry about spermatorrhea or seminal emission.
A Cu pulse at the Right Cun position indicates lung rattling (phlegm-rattle). A Cu pulse at the Right Guan position indicates food stagnation in the Spleen palace. A Cu pulse at the Right Chi position confirms internal burning heat.

According to human physiology, Qi and Blood circulate through the meridians constantly, unceasingly. In one day and night, they should complete fifty circuits; if they do not follow this rhythm, it is called wild generation. Their correspondence to the pulse rate is as accurate as a drumstick striking a drum, without any error. If Zang-Fu Qi is disordered, Qi and Blood stagnate and congeal, obstructing the mechanism of circulation, resulting in pauses; these pauses are mild. However, if the True Yuan (Primordial Qi) is exhausted and weak, Yang relaxes and Yin dries up, losing its normal regulatory measure, resulting in pauses; these pauses are severe. Nevertheless, the cause of the Cu pulse is due to Zang-Fu Qi disorder in six or seven out of ten cases, and due to True Yuan exhaustion in two or three out of ten cases. It may be due to Qi stagnation, Blood coagulation, Phlegm retention, Food obstruction, external Six Excesses (pathogenic factors), or internal Seven Emotions, all of which can obstruct the circulation mechanism. Thus, although the pulse is rapid and frequent, an occasional pause appears. If the frequency of pauses gradually decreases, the disease improves; if it increases, the disease worsens. The observed symptoms fall within blood stasis and Qi stagnation, and must be correlated with other pulses. The Cu pulse takes shape according to the disease; false formulas merely stating "located at Cun" do not reflect the true meaning of the Cu pulse; furthermore, failing to mention the occasional pause is absurd.

[Physical Manifestation] The physical manifestation of the Jie (Knotted) pulse is condensed, with an occasional pause during the slow rhythm; it is like walking slowly and lazily, occasionally tripping for one step, which well captures its spirit.
The Jie pulse does not scatter; it shows an occasional pause amidst slowness. Ancients compared it to walking slowly and lazily, occasionally tripping, which vividly conveys the demeanor of the Jie pulse.

[Main Diseases] The Jie pulse belongs to Yin Cold and also results from condensation and accumulation. A Jie pulse at the Left Cun position indicates Heart cold pain. A Jie pulse at the Left Guan position indicates hernia and masses (Zhijia). A Jie pulse at the Left Chi position indicates Wei Bi syndrome (impotence and numbness/paralysis).
A Jie pulse at the Right Cun position indicates Lung deficiency and Qi cold. A Jie pulse at the Right Guan position indicates Phlegm stagnation and Food retention. A Jie pulse at the Right Chi position indicates suffering from Yin Cold.

Heat promotes flow, while Cold causes stagnation and coagulation; this is the natural trend. Within Yin Cold, there is often condensation, akin to the solemn weather of mid-winter where flowing water turns to hard ice. When Shaohuo (Ministerial Fire) is weak and Middle Qi is deficient and cold, losing its vigorous transport function, Blood, Qi, Phlegm, and Food entangle each other. Floating Jie manifests externally as painful accumulations; hidden Jie manifests internally as mass formations. Therefore, a strong Jie pulse indicates accumulation/excess; a weak Jie pulse indicates True Qi weakness, violating the norm of transformation, requiring warm tonification as the correct treatment. Yue Ren (Bian Que) said: "Severe Jie indicates severe accumulation; slight Jie indicates weak Qi." Thus, one must judge the severity of the disease by the frequency of pauses.
When the mechanism of circulation is blocked, the pulse responds by becoming a Jie pulse. Zhang Zhongjing said: "Interlinked like feeling along a long bamboo pole is Yin Jie. Abundant like a chariot canopy is Yang Jie." Wang Shuhe said: "Shaking like hemp seeds, rotating and pulling then retracting, gathering and dispersing irregularly is Jie." Thus, the physical state of Jie is not comprehensible to superficial persons. Although these three are named Jie, their meanings differ. Found in the floating layer is Yang Jie; found in the deep layer is Yin Jie; frequent pauses with irregular intervals (three or five) indicate an incurable condition. From this, we deduce that the main symptoms of Jie cannot be summarized by a single aspect. False formulas say: "Coming and going, gathering and retreating." Compared to the meaning of "occasional pause in slow rhythm," this has no relevance. Is it trying to mimic Shuhe's "rotating and pulling then retracting" but failing to express the meaning? This is why writing must not be done lightly.