《尔雅》曰∶果 之实栝蒌。郭璞曰∶今齐人呼之为天瓜。李巡曰∶栝蒌子名也。据此
说，则根名果 ，子名栝蒌。凡仲景之方，栝蒌桂枝汤，栝蒌瞿麦丸，柴胡去半夏加栝蒌汤，
及牡蛎泽泻散，柴胡桂枝干姜汤二方内，栝蒌皆当作果 。若作栝蒌，则当须加根字。不然，
与子相混，不可不改焉。又小陷胸汤，瓜蒌薤白白酒汤，瓜蒌薤白半夏汤，枳实薤白桂枝汤
方内，瓜蒌实皆当作栝蒌也，实字当削之。李时珍曰∶栝蒌即果 二字音转也，亦作
KT，后人又转为瓜蒌，愈转愈失其真矣。时珍之说非也，栝蒌决非果 音转也，《尔雅》
岂
以音转注之乎？瓜蒌 KT ，后世假栝蒌之音者也。 KT 本见《灵枢经》，盖俗字，误
见于经，后
栝蒌二品，其色赤，一其色黄，但其根不异，通用而可也。雷 曰∶圆者为栝，长者为
蒌，亦属牵强。今药肆所有者，土瓜根混卖，不可不择也。盖土瓜根，短如甘薯，味苦。天
瓜长如薯蓣，最大，味甘微苦，宜以此分别也。若无此物，则天花粉可权用。其色如雪，握
之又作雪声，不贴银器者佳。
桂枝去芍药加蜀漆龙骨牡蛎救逆汤证曰∶惊狂起卧不安者。
牡蛎汤证曰∶牡疟。
上二方，蜀漆各三两。
牡蛎泽泻散，证不具。
蜀漆散证曰∶牡疟，多寒者。
上二方，蜀漆诸药等分。
据此诸方，则蜀漆之为功，古来未尝谓治动矣。然疟疾，及惊狂火逆诸证，必有胸腹脐
下动剧者。故见其有动者而用之，则法证无不治者。然则蜀漆者，治胸腹及脐下动剧者明矣。
According to the *Erya* (Classic of Names), the fruit of the Trichosanthes plant is called "Guo" (果). Guo Pu states that people in the Qi region currently call it "Tian Gua" (Heavenly Melon, 天瓜). Li Xun states that "Gualou Zi" (Trichosanthes Seed, 栝蒌子) refers to the seed. Based on these statements, the root is named "Guo" (果), and the seed is named "Gualou" (栝蒌). In all of Zhang Zhongjing's formulas, such as Gualou Guizhi Tang (Trichosanthes Twig Decoction, 栝蒌桂枝汤), Gualou Qumai Wan (Trichosanthes Root and Impatiens Pill, 栝蒌瞿麦丸), Chaihu Qu Banxia Jia Gualou Tang (Bupleurum Decoction with Bupleurum, Scutellaria, etc., minus Pinellia plus Trichosanthes Root, 柴胡去半夏加栝蒌汤), Muli Zexie San (Oyster Shell and Alisma Powder, 牡蛎泽泻散), and Chaihu Guizhi Ganjiang Tang (Bupleurum, Cinnamon Twig, and Dried Ginger Decoction, 柴胡桂枝干姜汤), the term "Gualou" should be written as "Guo" (果). If written as "Gualou," the character "Gen" (Root, 根) must be added. Otherwise, it will be confused with the seed, and this cannot fail to be corrected. Furthermore, in the formulas Xiaoxianxiong Tang (Minor Stagnation in the Chest and Hypochondrium Decoction, 小陷胸汤), Gualou Xiebai Jiubaishang Tang (Trichosanthes Rhizome, Macrostemon Stem, and White Wine Decoction, 瓜蒌薤白白酒汤), Gualou Xiebai Banxia Tang (Trichosanthes Rhizome, Macrostemon Stem, and Pinellia Decoction, 瓜蒌薤白半夏汤), and Zhishi Xiebai Guizhi Tang (Immature Bitter Orange, Macrostemon Stem, and Cinnamon Twig Decoction, 枳实薤白桂枝汤), the term "Gualou Shi" (Trichosanthes Fruit, 瓜蒌实) should be written as "Gualou" (栝蒌), and the character "Shi" (Fruit/Real, 实) should be deleted. Li Shizhen stated: "Gualou" is a phonetic shift of the two characters "Guo," also written as "KT," and later transformed by descendants into "Gualou," becoming increasingly distant from its original truth. Li Shizhen's statement is incorrect; "Gualou" is definitely not a phonetic shift of "Guo." Did the *Erya* annotate using phonetic shifts? "Gualou" and "KT" are characters borrowed for their sound in later generations. "KT" originally appeared in the *Lingshu Jing* (Spiritual Pivot, 《灵枢经》), likely a vulgar character erroneously included in the classics...
[Text gap inferred] ...divided into two varieties, one red and one yellow, but their roots are indistinguishable and can be used interchangeably. Lei Xiao stated: round ones are "Gua," long ones are "Lou," which is also considered forced. Currently, what is sold in pharmacies often includes Tubenroot (土瓜根, Radix Thladianthae) mixed in, so careful selection is necessary. Generally, Tubenroot is short like sweet potato and tastes bitter; Tian Gua is long like Chinese yam, largest in size, and tastes sweet with a slight bitterness; these characteristics should be used for distinction. If this herb is unavailable, Tianhuafen (Trichosanthes Root, 天花粉) can be used temporarily. Its color is like snow, and when held, it makes a sound like snow; those that do not stick to silver vessels are superior.
Shuyeh (Herba Pteridis Preparata, 蜀漆) primarily treats severe palpitations or throbbing in the chest, abdomen, and below the navel; therefore, it also treats Jingkuang (Startled Madness, 惊狂) and Huoni Malariya (Fire-induced Malaria, 火逆疟疾).
The syndrome description for Guizhi Qu Shaoyao Jia Shuyeh Longgu Muli Jiuni Tang (Cinnamon Twig Decoction minus Peony plus Prepared Pteris, Dragon Bone, and Oyster Shell to Rescue from Deviation, 桂枝去芍药加蜀漆龙骨牡蛎救逆汤) states: "Jingkuang, restlessness in sitting and lying down."
The syndrome description for Muli Tang (Oyster Shell Decoction, 牡蛎汤) states: "Muyu" (Oyster-type Malaria, 牡疟).
In the above two formulas, Shuyeh is each used in an amount of three liang.
For Muli Zexie San (Oyster Shell and Alisma Powder, 牡蛎泽泻散), the syndrome description is incomplete.
The syndrome description for Shuyeh San (Prepared Pteris Powder, 蜀漆散) states: "Muyu, with predominant cold."
In the above two formulas, Shuyeh and other herbs are used in equal proportions.
Based on these formulas, the efficacy of Shuyeh has never been described since ancient times as treating "Dong" (Palpitations/Throbbing, 动). However, malaria, as well as various syndromes such as Jingkuang and Huoni, must necessarily involve severe palpitations or throbbing in the chest, abdomen, and below the navel. Therefore, if one observes the presence of "Dong" and uses this herb, there is no syndrome that cannot be treated according to the method. Thus, it is clear that Shuyeh treats severe palpitations or throbbing in the chest, abdomen, and below the navel.