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Translation based on the generated vernacular Chinese text. Note: Where the original text omits the herb name (starting directly with properties), the translation reflects this structure, referring to "It" or describing the properties directly as per the source text's implicit subject in that specific segment.

Also known as Wenwu Shi. Sweet and sour, warm in nature, black in color entering the Kidney meridian; nourishes Kidney Yin, strengthens Water (Kidney essence) to control Fire, darkens beard and hair. Fresh ones can be juiced and boiled into a paste, preserved with honey and rice wine; the longer it is stored, the better it becomes.

Bitter and sweet, neutral in nature, enters the Liver and Kidney meridians to dispel Wind and resolve Dampness, strengthens bones and sinews; it is a specialized medicine for pain and bi-syndrome in the lower back and knees.

Also known as Gu Shi. Sweet, cold in nature, promotes urination and reduces edema, softens hardness and treats dysphagia. Use steamed with wine. Chu Pi (Celtis Cortex): Sweet, neutral in nature, excels at promoting water metabolism, treats edema and Qi stagnation. Chu Ye (Celtis Leaf): Sweet, cool in nature, specifically clears Damp-Heat, treats malarial dysentery and epidemic dysentery.

Bitter and sour, slightly cold in nature, eliminates痞 (fullness/blockage) and relieves distension, breaks Qi and attacks hardness, unblocks the intestines and stomach to benefit the chest and diaphragm. Jiang Zhi Qiao (Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium from Jiangxi): Bitter, neutral in nature, eliminates fullness, transforms Qi and moves Phlegm, soothes the chest and diaphragm to widen the intestines and stomach. Note: Zhi Shi (Immature Bitter Orange) and Zhi Qiao (Ripe Bitter Orange Peel) are from the same species, but Zhi Shi has a stronger action, while Zhi Qiao has a milder action; both are best used stir-fried for a more potent effect. Contraindicated in cases of Stomach deficiency and loose bowels.

Bitter, cold in nature, enters the Heart and Liver meridians and also the San Jiao; drains pathogenic Heat from the Heart and Liver, guides stagnant Fire of the San Jiao downward in a winding manner. For internal heat, use the seed/kernel; if using the bark [Note: Text implies choice or specific part usage]. To drain Fire, use raw; stir-fried until black to stop bleeding; stir-fried with ginger juice to stop irritability and vomiting and resolve stagnant Heat. Contraindicated in deficiency patterns.

Sweet and sour, moistening in nature, enters the Heart, Spleen, Liver, and Gallbladder meridians. When used raw, it is sour and neutral, benefits the Liver and Gallbladder to calm the Heart and consolidate sweat; when cooked/processed, it is sour and warm, awakens Spleen Qi to calm the Spirit.

Sweet, slightly cold in nature, enters the Liver meridian to dispel Wind and clear Heat, reduces nebula (eye opacity) and brightens vision, possesses the function of nourishing the Liver and benefiting Yin. Use raw and ground.

Sour and astringent, slightly warm in nature, enters the Kidney meridian to consolidate Essence and secure Qi, tonifies the Kidney and nourishes the Liver; it is a specialized medicine for Kidney deficiency with seminal emission and slippery leakage. The kernel can cause seminal emission; pick clean before use.

Sour and astringent, neutral in nature, enters the Kidney and Bladder meridians to astringe Essence and secure Qi, stops enuresis, turbid urine, and seminal emission. Use stir-fried and ground.

Pungent, bitter, and sweet, neutral in nature, enters the Liver and Spleen meridians to dissipate nodules and moisten dryness, directs Qi downward and promotes water movement. Guided by wine into the Gallbladder meridian, it also treats Gallbladder Qi rebellion causing eye distension and insomnia. Contraindicated in deficiency.

Sweet and bitter, cool in nature, enters the Shaoyin meridian to benefit Yin and reduce fever; it is an excellent medicine for Yin deficiency with fire, where heavy cloying tonics are not tolerated. To reduce fever, use raw; to benefit Yin, use stir-fried [Text cuts off, implying processed form].

Pungent and bitter, warm in nature, enters the Liver and Kidney meridians to dispel Wind and resolve Dampness, strengthens bones and sinews; it is a specialized medicine for trauma and wind-bi syndrome. Use stir-fried with wine.