味甘。性平。无毒。得阳气以生而伏于阴。为东方之神。升也。阴中阳也。得牛黄、
人参良。畏石膏。忌鱼及铁。
【主治】主心腹鬼疰。精物老魅。咳逆。泄痢脓血。女子漏下。症瘕坚结。小儿热气惊
痫。
肠痈内
解毒。辟
龙骨〕梦寐泄精。小便泄精。（别录）
【归经】入肝胆肾三经。兼入心大肠二经。为固敛浮越正气之品。
【前论】雷 曰。气入丈夫肾脏中。故益精药宜用之。 海藏曰。并主带脉为病。 许
洪曰
【炮制】广记曰。酒浸一宿。焙干研粉。水飞三次用。如急用。以酒煮焙干。
以上涩剂鳞部
味咸。性微寒。无毒。得海气结成。降也。阴也。贝母为使。得甘草、牛膝、远志、
蛇床子良。恶麻黄、细辛、吴萸。
【主治】主伤寒寒热。温疟洒洒。惊恚怒气。除拘缓。鼠 。女子带下赤白。久服强骨
节。
疗泄
诜
古
【归经】入肝胆肾三经。为软坚利水固肠之品。（肾经血分药）
【前论】甄权曰。病虚而多热者。宜同地黄、小草用之。 海藏曰。牡蛎软坚。以柴胡
引之
益精
【禁忌】经疏曰。凡病虚而有寒者忌。肾虚无火。寒精自出者。亦忌。
以上涩剂介部
味酸咸。性平。无毒。乃虫食盐麸子木叶中津液结成者。降也。阴也。
【主治】主生津化痰止嗽。止血。敛汗。解酒。疗消渴。泄痢。疮癣五痔。下血脱肛。
脓水
小儿
【归经】入肺经。为收敛之品。（性涩能敛肺气寒能降火）
【前论】丹溪曰。五倍子属金与水。噙之。善收顽痰。解热毒。佐他药尤良。黄昏咳嗽。
乃
鳌按、滑精梦泄诸病。固宜收涩。然必能通而后能涩。医学纲目载一方。以治虚而滑精
者。
【禁忌】经疏曰。凡嗽由外感。泻非虚脱者忌。
[Longgu] (Dragon Bone)
Taste: Sweet. Nature: Neutral. Non-toxic. It is born from Yang Qi but resides in Yin. It is regarded as the Spirit of the East. Its movement is ascending. It is Yang within Yin. It works well with Niuhuang (Calculus Bovis, 牛黄) and Renshen (Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, 人参). It is inhibited by Shigao (Gypsum Fibrosum, 石膏). Avoid fish and iron.
【Indications】Mainly treats Gui Zhu (ghostly afflictions) in the heart and abdomen; spirits and old demons; cough with reverse flow of Qi; dysentery with pus and blood; leukorrhea or metrorrhagia in women; hard and fixed masses (Zheng Jia); infantile heat-induced convulsions and epilepsy; internal detoxification for intestinal abscess; expelling evil influences; nocturnal emission during dreams; urinary leakage of essence. (Recorded in *Bielu*)
【Meridian Tropism】Enters the Liver, Gallbladder, and Kidney meridians. Also enters the Heart and Large Intestine meridians. It is a substance that consolidates and restrains floating and hyperactive Zheng Qi (Upright Qi).
【Preceding Discussions】Lei Xiao said: "Its Qi enters the Kidney of men, therefore it should be used in herbs that benefit Jing (Essence)." Zhang Yuansu (Haicang) said: "It also treats diseases of the Dai Mai (Girdle Vessel)." Xu Hong said: ...
【Processing】*Guangji* states: Soak in wine for one night, bake until dry, grind into powder, and use after being processed with water three times (Shuifei). If urgent use is needed, boil in wine, bake until dry.
Above: Astringent agents from the Scale category.
[Muli] (Oyster Shell)
Taste: Salty. Nature: Slightly Cold. Non-toxic. It forms by condensing the Qi of the sea. Its movement is descending. It is Yin. Fumu (Fritillariae Bulbus, 贝母) serves as its guide. It works well with Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, 甘草), Niuxi (Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, 牛膝), Yuanzhi (Polygalae Radix, 远志), and Shechuangzi (Cnidii Fructus, 蛇床子). It is antagonistic to Mahuang (Ephedrae Herba, 麻黄), Xixin (Asari Radix et Rhizoma, 细辛), and Wuyu (Evodiae Fructus, 吴茱萸).
【Indications】Mainly treats chills and fever due to Shanghan (Cold Damage); shivering chills due to Wen Nue (Warm Malaria); fright, anger, and resentment; relieving stiffness and spasms; Shu Lou (scrofula); red and white leukorrhea in women. Long-term use strengthens bones and joints. Treats seminal emission.
【Meridian Tropism】Enters the Liver, Gallbladder, and Kidney meridians. It is a substance that softens hardness, promotes urination, and consolidates the intestines. (A herb acting on the Blood level of the Kidney meridian.)
【Preceding Discussions】Zhen Quan said: "For patients who are deficient and have much heat, it should be used together with Dihuang (Rehmanniae Radix, 地黄) and Xiaocao (Herba Prunellae, 夏枯草/小草)." Zhang Yuansu (Haicang) said: "Muli softens hardness; it is guided by Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix, 柴胡)..."
【Contraindications】Miao Xiyong (Jingshu) said: "Contraindicated for those who are deficient and cold. Contraindicated for those with Kidney deficiency without fire, where cold essence leaks spontaneously."
Above: Astringent agents from the Shell category.
[Wubeizi] (Galla Chinensis)
Taste: Sour and Salty. Nature: Neutral. Non-toxic. It is formed by the condensation of fluids from insects feeding on salt, bran, and leaves of trees. Its movement is descending. It is Yin.
【Indications】Mainly generates fluids, transforms phlegm, stops cough, stops bleeding, consolidates sweat, resolves alcohol toxicity, treats Xiao Ke (Wasting and Thirsting), dysentery, sores, tinea, five types of hemorrhoids, lower bleeding, rectal prolapse, non-drying purulent discharge, infants...
【Meridian Tropism】Enters the Lung meridian. It is a converging agent. (Its astringent nature can consolidate Lung Qi, and its cold nature can descend Fire.)
【Preceding Discussions】Zhu Zhenheng (Danxi) said: "Wubeizi belongs to Metal and Water. When held in the mouth, it effectively collects stubborn phlegm and resolves heat toxins. It is especially effective when assisting other herbs. Evening cough is due to..."
Ao's Commentary: For conditions such as slippery emission and nocturnal seminal loss, astringency is indeed appropriate. However, one must achieve free flow before achieving astringency. *Yixue Gangmu* records a formula to treat deficiency-type slippery emission.
【Contraindications】Miao Xiyong (Jingshu) said: "Contraindicated for cough caused by external pathogens, and for diarrhea that is not due to deficiency collapse."