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Wind is a fierce, violent, and harmful pathogenic factor in the four seasons. It causes the most severe diseases and inflicts the most drastic damage to the human body. The ancients referred to leprosy (Leprosy) as the "head of evil diseases." Once contracted, it leads to disfigurement and stubbornness, making its outcome unpredictable.

"Ku" (Cool/Severe) refers to malice; "Lie" (Fierce) refers to ferocity; "Bao" (Violent) refers to speed; "Han" (Rough) refers to rigidity. These are all intrinsic qualities of wind. In spring and summer, whirlwinds are common; autumn is windy; winter brings severe cold. All these are pathogenic factors that can kill or induce leprosy-like conditions. The classics state: On the day of the Winter Solstice, if a violent wind blows from the southeast, it is called "Thief Wind" (Zei Feng). It is most damaging to humans; once contracted, it cannot be easily resolved, rendering the patient unable to bend or move freely. Pressing on the affected area causes pain, while hot compresses provide relief, but twitching and pulling sensations return shortly after. This pathogen strikes and strips away pathological heat, agitating Qi and Blood. Mild cases may result in scrofula (Luoli), while severe cases may lead to hemiplegia (Piangu). If heat pathogen stagnates and condenses, it transforms into bone-abscess carbuncles (Fugu Yongju). If cold-dampness stagnates and penetrates deeply into the Zang-Fu organs, it accumulates over time to form wind-leprosy (Fengli). People generally do not realize that when Yin and Yang are in harmony and seasonal changes are appropriate, diseases do not arise. However, if heaven and earth become chaotic, with damp-wind counterflow, this constitutes abnormal Qi. When humans contract it, illness ensues. *Shuowen Jiezi* states: "Insects entering cracks are called 'Wind'." Thus, where wind moves, insects are born; without wind, insects cannot breed. Various insects transform within eight or nine days, taking shape by contracting the pathogenic Qi of the Eight Winds. *Lingshu* states: Wind blowing from the southeast is called "Weak Wind" (Ruofeng). It injures humans by lodging internally in the Stomach and externally in the muscles, primarily causing heaviness of the body. Wind from due south is called "Great Weak Wind" (Daruofeng). It lodges internally in the Heart and externally in the vessels, primarily causing heat. Wind from due west is called "Rigid Wind" (Gangfeng). It lodges internally in the Lungs and externally in the skin and hair, primarily causing dryness. Wind from due north is called "Great Rigid Wind" (Dagangfeng). It lodges internally in the Kidneys and externally in the bones and the tendons of the shoulder and back (Lvjin), primarily causing cold. Wind from the southwest is called "Plotting Wind" (Moufeng). It lodges internally in the Spleen and externally in the limbs and axillae, primarily causing weakness. Wind from the northwest is called "Breaking Wind" (Zhefeng). It lodges internally in the Small Intestine and externally in the Hand Taiyang vessel. If the vessel is severed, blood overflows; if blocked, it congeals and fails to circulate, potentially leading to death. Its Qi governs obstruction (Geguan) and emaciation/fatigue. Wind from the northeast is called "Auspicious Wind" (Xiongfeng - *Note: Context implies malevolent/harmful despite literal translation*). It lodges internally in the Large Intestine and externally in the lower ribs and joints, primarily causing strong qi and profuse diarrhea. Wind from due east is called "Infant Wind" (Yinger Feng). It lodges internally in the Liver and externally in the tendon connections, primarily affecting the meridians. These are pathogenic factors that kill leprosy-causing agents; if such violent, harsh, and toxic winds occur out of season and invade the human body, they generate various insects, spreading harm. Since ancient times, sages have avoided sexual indulgence as they would avoid enemies, and avoided wind as they would avoid arrows and stones, thus rarely suffering major illnesses. However, people do not fear avoidance, recklessly indulging in desires, leading to internal emptiness. Evil wind takes advantage of this void to enter, causing much disease. The Yellow Emperor said: The toxicity of the Eight Winds causes flowers to lose their color, grains to bear imperfect fruit, plants to wither, and animals to go mad. Water overflows, earth collapses, and humans contracting this pathogen develop leprosy (Mali). Insects grow in the Zang-Fu organs, devouring muscle and marrow, consuming blood and fluids. Their forms are ugly, consciousness becomes confused, and the whole body becomes covered in foul sores. Early Confucian scholars stated that "Li" (Leprosy) refers to this condition. In the middle antiquity, it was divided into two names: "Feng" (Wind) and "Li" (Leprosy). When the pathogen resides deeply inside, it is called "Feng"; when it attaches superficially to the exterior, it is called "Li." Feng is more severe than Li, while Li is milder than Feng, yet their fundamental origin in Form and Qi is the same. Furthermore, if wind pathogen enters the Zang-Fu and lingers in the collaterals for years, it eventually manifests on the muscle surface, gradually transforming into Li. Upon infecting a person, it immediately produces foul sores, leading to physical decay. Therefore, wind diseases manifest slowly but kill quickly, while li diseases manifest quickly but kill slowly; both are highly detrimental. In the Yanji region north of the Yangtze, leprosy is called "Pao Chuang" (Cannon Sore). Southerners mimic this name calling it "Yangmei Chuang" (Bayberry Sore) or "Guangdong Chuang." It is believed that in Fujian and Guangdong, if a woman contracts leprosy, she generates pinworms (Naochong), which erupt as malignant sores. The filth and toxicity are extreme, and the Qi is highly contagious and lethal, spreading through society via mutual infection.

The pathogen fills the interior of the collaterals and disperses between the muscle layers. Ying and Wei (Nutritive and Defensive Qi) fail to circulate smoothly. Swelling and stagnation occur in the muscle axillae, Qi gathers and does not flow, causing blood stasis. Tendons and bones either relax or contract. Skin and flesh rot, with pus and filth dripping continuously. Eyebrows and beard fall out. Hands and feet become flaccid and numb. Toes and fingers may drop off or break. Chills, fever, numbness, and itching occur. Sensations may resemble being beaten by a club or pulled by hooks. Palms may feel spasmodic or bound, as if squeezed or clamped. Limbs may become crooked, shriveled, swollen, sore, or painful like knots. Various evils cluster together. The reason for this accumulation lies in five types of excessive storage and fullness. "Fenrou" (Muscle layers) and "Coulí" (Intercellular spaces); "Shu" refers to transport and intake; "Jie zhi" refers to knotting and stagnation; "Zhang men" refers to distension and oppression; "Yu" refers to coagulated cold; "Chi" refers to dispersion; "Suo" refers to spasm and tension; "Hui" refers to filth; "Linli" refers to stickiness and pollution; "Bai tuo" refers to decay and falling off; "Wei" refers to half-body paralysis and inability to lift; "Bi" refers to numbness and pain; "Zhi" refers to fingers; "Zhi" refers to toes; "Ma" refers to loss of pain and itch sensation; "Chui" refers to beating punishment; "Che" refers to pulling and twisting; "Zhang" refers to a wooden torture bed preventing movement; "Luan" refers to tendon contraction; "Fu" refers to rope binding; "Za" refers to torturing fingers; "Jia" refers to torturing ankles. These are all intolerable pains, indicating the abnormal and malignant symptoms of wind-leprosy. "Que" refers to curled fingers unable to grasp objects; "Bie" refers to withered skin and flesh; "Zhong" refers to swelling and elevation; "Suan" refers to soreness and difficulty moving joints; "Geda" refers to nodules. This describes the nature and situation of wind-leprosy. The Foot-Shaoyang Gallbladder Meridian manifests in the beard; the Foot-Shaoyin Kidney Meridian manifests in the hair. The Chong Mai and Ren Mai are the seas of menstruation and generation, known as the Sea of Blood. Their collateral branches ascend to the lips and mouth. When Qi and Blood are abundant, they nourish the head and face, resulting in lustrous beards and beautiful hair. When Qi and Blood decline, the collaterals become depleted and cannot nourish, leading to the falling of beard and hair. Wind pathogen invades Ying and Wei, blocking the joints. Qi and Blood fail to circulate freely. Skin and flesh become insensible. Skin pores swell and puff up. The patient feels hardness like thick pus, with no sensation of pain or itch. This is called "Da Ma Feng" (Great Leprosy). *Zhubing Yuanhou Lun* states: The transmission of wind-leprosy arises from aversion to wind-cold-dampness, sexual exhaustion, gluttony, sleeping exposed to elements, and climatic anomalies. The sources of these two conditions are identical. The five causes of harm are listed below.

First, Damage from Fengshui and Yin-Yang. The principles of land vein directions and auspiciousness/misfortune are called Fengshui. The waxing and waning of stars and calendars are called Yin-Yang. Activities such as construction, burial, excavation, planting, and felling involve inquiries into life spans and taboos of deities and evil spirits. Offending the netherworld leads to mysterious illnesses. Harm from one's own natal destiny causes widespread body ache, wandering pain, and flaccid paralysis. Harm from Metal Gods and Seven Killings causes hemiplegia, facial deviation, and weakness. Harm from White Tiger causes lumps and scrofula throughout the body, with swelling, pain, foul odor, and purulent bleeding. Harm from Tiangang Great Sha causes abdominal distension, blockage, confusion, and paralysis. Harm from the Eight Killings General Star causes frantic running, climbing walls and roofs, howling, laughing sadly, unruly violence, and fighting with knives. Harm from Five Earth Rebellious Ghosts causes jaw locking, dizziness, coma, large abdomen, soft limbs, carbuncles, and epidemics. Harm from Tai Sui, Month Generals, Days, Hours, Stars, and Suns causes unpredictable mutations and lack of prevention. Secular beliefs in Fengshui and Yin-Yang damage being incurable are extremely erroneous! One should neither dismiss Yin-Yang and divine spirits as non-existent nor worship them excessively; both are biases. Demonic influences affect people only temporarily; there is no logic for lifelong haunting. Illness arises because human Qi and Blood are irregular, allowing pathogenic Qi to cause disease. By regulating Qi and Blood and clarifying thoughts, spirit returns to correctness, and pathogenic Qi dissipates peacefully. Thus, harmonizing Yin and Yang to support primal Qi is the way of the great gentleman. Among the thirteen medical departments, there is also the Department of Zhuyou (Incantation), using talismans, water, spells, and incantations to exorcise demons and restore righteous Qi. Chao Yuanfang stated: A pulse that suddenly slows and sinks, or resembles a chicken beak, or comes and goes erratically, indicates an evil entity. A weak, continuous, slow, and sinking pulse with unchanged complexion indicates a pathological condition. A pulse that fluctuates in size and length indicates a disastrous pulse. A floating, fine, continuous, and indistinct pulse in both hands, especially if the Yin pulses are also thin, indicates the Yin and Yang Qiao vessels. If family members died of wind disease, it may be the work of a wandering soul. A large and weak pulse indicates social spirits. A deep, choppy pulse or heavy limbs indicate earth spirits. A pulsation like drifting wind moving from Yin to Yang indicates wind pathogen. A pulse alternating between regular and rapid indicates ghostly evil. A pulse present at the surface but absent at the interior indicates demonic harm. The Cun position represents the surface, and Guan represents the interior. Absence at Guan with presence at ends is called "Cut-off Pulse." If the upper half of the Chi pulse does not reach Guan, it is Yin Cut-off; if the lower half of the Cun pulse does not reach Guan, it is Yang Cut-off. Yin cut-off with Yang deficiency leads to death and is untreatable. These are called "Monster Pulses," reflecting Qi, Blood, and Spirit受邪 (receiving pathogen). However, these are largely fantastical tales recorded in *Zhubing Yuanhou Lun* and other texts to supplement insufficient theories.

Second, Transmission via Source and Lineage. Humans take form from parental essence and blood and function through heaven and earth's creation. Contacting discordant Qi of heaven and earth causes illness. If parents suffer from evil diseases, their essence and blood are toxic. This toxicity transmits during conception to offspring. Patients with wind-labor diseases harbor evil insects in their Zang-Fu, passing them down generations. This is called "Transmitting Corpse" (Chuanshi). Medication must be taken early in childhood, before onset, to kill pinworms internally, preventing their growth and spread. If contracted later in life, after marriage and procreation, when spirit is exhausted and Qi/Blood depleted, the disease becomes difficult to treat. Why do people not seek medical treatment before illness? This negligence leads to advanced, untreatable stages. Those uninfected will not transmit to children. Those infected will inevitably pass it to children. My father instructed: A wealthy man in Wuzhong suffered from leprosy, which I cured. He had a daughter who married soon after. Her husband contracted the great wind disease, while she remained healthy. The toxic vapor transmitted to her husband, which is unusual. Another man died of wind disease; his wife was healthy but remarried. Her new husband developed the same disease as her first husband and died years later. The toxin did not remain with the wife; rather, women carry the toxin in their Zang-Fu and transmit it to men during intercourse. This toxin originates and departs through sexual desire; one should fear it! Another man died of wind-leprosy, leaving three sons and one daughter, all of whom died of wind disease. A daughter of a wind patient remained healthy, married, and had a son who contracted wind disease in childhood. It did not transmit to the daughter but to the nephew. Ancient wisdom says: Do not marry those with evil diseases; this is indeed a warning. A Hui merchant's family died of consumption for three generations. The fourth-generation son went to Guangxi/Guangdong for business as a child and never returned home. His father died of consumption at home. Half a month later, the "consumption insect" flew to Guangxi, entering the son's shop. While the son was away, the insect entered the locked door. An old servant saw it, plugged the lock with mud, and reported it. The master sealed the lock with wet mud, pried off the door, and burned it until ashes. The lock burst open, but the insect survived. It was crushed and removed, averting disaster. Such is the evil of transmitting corpses; prevention is essential. Recorded here for future gentlemen.

Third, Offense by Filthy Qi and Zhu Transmission. Toxicity from others transmitted to this person is called "Zhu," caused by contact with filthy Qi. If a person has deficient Qi/Blood and weak Spleen/Stomach, encountering someone with an evil disease, smelling their foul air, or conversing, allows the patient's oral toxic vapor to enter the healthy person's nose and mouth, penetrating the Five Viscera and causing illness. For example, if a patient uses the toilet, followed closely by a weak or fasting person, the undissipated foul toxic gas from the patient's excrement rises and enters the healthy person's nose and mouth, directly reaching the Zang-Fu. If this happens in the morning before eating, disaster strikes swiftly; few escape. Sweat transmission and dysentery contagion are similar. In Fujian and Guangdong, snake gu poison, talisman water, and nightmare abscess poisons are most harmful. When a person with an evil disease dies, toxic insects exit through the seven orifices. Upon meeting living humans, flying insects潜伏 (lie in wait) to cause harm. Ancients passing through tombs containing long-decayed leprosy victims found insects transmitting the disease, causing fatal leprosy. Hence, the theory of Nine Zhu (Nine Transmissions): All arise from bodily deficiency receiving flying insect/transmitting corpse toxins, or wind-cold-summerheat-damp pathogens lodging in Ying-Wei and collaterals, disrupting Yin-Yang, traveling with Qi, and causing great harm.
1. Wind Zhu: Three years after death, soul/spirit turns to flying dust, attaching to people. Skin/twitching, changing unpredictably. After one year, hair falls, neck hurts, bones stand out, flesh dissolves, eyes hurt, nose aches, teeth erode. Manifests as Oyster Wind (Haofeng) causing numbness, stinging like oysters, itching or pain.
2. Cold Zhu: Abdominal fullness, distress, vomiting foam. After three years, bloody stool, blue-white, stiff waist/spine. Manifests as Absolute Wind (Juefeng), causing sudden collapse.
3. Qi Zhu: Loss of spirit, delirium. After 100 days, weight fluctuates. After one year, body full, loss of complexion. After two years, vomiting insects, hard to treat. Manifests as Topple Wind (Dianfeng), wild running, breaking objects, or Wild Wind, crying/howling.
4. Sheng Zhu: Unpredictable chest/flank pain. After three days, body pain shifts, pulling/twisting heart/chest. After one year, red face/eyes. After two years, vomiting/regurgitation, hard to treat. Manifests as Lie Wind, body sores, eyebrow loss. Or Gao Wind, whole body trembling, mouth/nose deviation.
5. Cool Zhu: Alternating heat/cold in epigastrium. After one year, heavy limbs, preference for lying down, belching sourness, edema, dark/thin skin, yellow eyes, blue nails/lips. Manifests as Harmful Wind, jaw locking, facial paralysis, soft limbs.
6. Wine Zhu: Heavy body odor, heat rising from chest/flanks, universal pain. After one year, heavy limbs, preference for lying down, frequent belching, sore body, puffy face, intermittent symptoms. Manifests as Great Wind, cracked scalp flesh, eye cord pain, aversion to sound.
7. Food Zhu: Epigastric pain (Baotong), distress radiating to back. After one year, emaciation, puffy black skin starting from feet, colic in umbilicus. Manifests as Water Wind, sweating during eating/sleeping.
8. Water Zhu: Swollen hands/feet. After 100 days, yellow body, hair loss, blindness. Hard to treat after one year. After three years, massive edema, insect generation, untreatable. Manifests as Damp Wind, headache wanting to retreat inward, or Soft Wind, wandering swelling of hands/feet/eyes/nose.
9. Corpse Zhu: Unusual pulling pain. Flesh white, blood white, throat feeling like swallowing something. Manifests as Sweat Wind, joint stiffness/pain. These Nine Zhu are the root of leprosy toxin. Hua Tuo, Dong Yuan, and other sages discussed them, but Chao Yuanfang was most detailed, hence compiled in volumes.

Fourth, Emission due to Improper Maintenance. Enduring hunger and labor, sexual activity after drunkenness/full meals, indulging desires, toxic anger, worry, thought, fantasy, greed, and lust accumulate toxic pathogens. Filth荡 (waves) outward, pleasure consumes true Yuan internally, causing fire-heat pathogen to strike Zang-Fu. Roasted meat, raw vegetables, and strange-tasting foods turn into insects upon ingestion. Acclimatization issues, sand/ice/miasma act as retained toxins, accumulating over time to form leprosy, causing deformity. Health preservation taboos say: Sleeping drunk and exposed to dampness causes leprosy. Eating fish without gills causes leprosy in five days. Women, spirits of all things, born between heaven and earth, should cherish life, preserve primordial spirit, and extend longevity. Ancients achieved centenarian ages through moral cultivation aligning with Heaven. Later generations, obsessed with six desires and seven emotions, suffer premature death, violating Heaven's gift of life. Chao Shi said: Of 404 diseases, all stem from five wind toxins: Yellow Wind, Green Wind, Red Wind, White Wind, Black Wind. The body contains 80,000 corpse insects forming the body. Without them, the body cannot stand. Various evil diseases and winds harm humans. Five winds generate five insects, all harmful. Black Wind generates Black Insects; Yellow Wind generates Yellow Insects; others follow suit. These five evil gases generate five toxic insects harming the body.疾风 (疾风 - likely typo for specific wind type or general term) enters Five Zang, corroding organ Qi. Countless insects eat marrow, moving freely. Eating Liver causes eyebrow/eyelash loss. Eating Lungs causes nasal bridge collapse. Eating Spleen causes voice scattering or aphasia. Eating Kidneys causes tinnitus, ulceration, or thunderous sounds. Eating Heart causes knee swelling, sole perforation, hard to treat. Heart is the Monarch, immune to direct evil, so death follows. Pulse is slow coming, fast going, empty above, solid below.

Fifth, Generation from Cold-Damp Accumulation and Depression. Wind, cold, summerheat, dampness, dryness, and fire are the Six Excesses of heaven and earth. Failure to avoid them, contracting stagnant heat, or acting bravely—crossing rivers in sweat, stepping on ice/frost, facing wind after eating/drinking, sexual exhaustion entering water, sleeping exposed on wet mats, lying on bamboo/rattan beds, lacquered beds, cool mushrooms, willow wood tables—allows cold-damp Qi to meet sweat, entering skin and flesh. Pathogenic toxicity deepens, stripping Ying and Wei. Initially numbness, later transforming into corpse insects. Worms gnawing tissue cause wind-leprosy. This results from轻视 (disregarding) life, acting recklessly, offending Yin-Yang and Five Movements/Six Qi, accumulating major disease. Not only lethal leprosy Qi should be avoided, but even the harmonious Qi of the four seasons must be guarded. Indulging in sexual exhaustion with weak Qi/Blood triggers harm. Chao Shi said: Entering water with sweat, cold penetrating skin, drinking and sleeping on damp ground, sitting/lying under trees or wet grass in wind, or scratching itchy skin catching swift wind, gradually causes sores. Untreated for a year, it becomes wind-leprosy. *Bingji* states: Eight directions' misty Qi鼓 (drums) evil, harming humans. Lodging in collaterals, lingering, striking Qi/Blood, causing Ying-Wei disharmony. Dampness spreads, complexion fails, skin damaged, nasal pillar destroyed, beard/eyebrows fall. Eight Winds: Northwest is Qian (Old Man/Father), named Metal Wind. 1. Black Wind, 2. Whirlwind, 3. [Missing Name]. Onset is subtle/unnoticed; eyebrows fall after seven years. Northeast is Gen (Young Boy), named Stone Wind. 1. Spring Wind, 2. Wandering Wind, 3. Breast Wind. Contracting this causes tough flesh, white spots like leprosy; eyebrows fall after ten years. Due East is Zhen (Eldest Son), named Green Wind. 1. Final Wind, 2. Impact Wind, 3. Dragon-Walking Wind. Contracting this causes hand/foot sores, appearing/disappearing regularly; morning onset, evening onset; eyebrows fall after five years.