〔薛〕《医药纲目》云∶螈者筋脉急也， 者筋脉缓也。急则引而缩，缓则纵而伸。或
缩或伸，动而不止者，名曰螈 ，俗谓之发搐是也。凡癫痫、风痉、破伤风三证，皆能
螈。但癫痫则仆地不省，风痉螈 则角弓反张，破伤风螈 则有疮口。窃谓螈者属肝
经风热血燥，或肝火妄动血伤， 者属肝经血气不足，或肝火汗多亡血，以致手足伸缩
不已，抽搐不利。若因风热血燥，用羚羊角散（妊娠痉。）加钓藤、山栀。若肝火妄动，用加
味四物汤（即四物加柴胡、丹皮、山栀。）加钓藤钩、山栀。若肝经血气不足，用八珍
汤（即杂病虚劳门八物汤。）加钓藤钩、山栀。若肝火亡血，用加味逍遥散（调经。）加钓藤
钩、山栀。如不应须用六味丸（杂病虚劳。）以补肾水，生肝木为主，佐以前剂治之。若
其脉长弦者，是肝之本脉，则易治。其脉短涩者，是肺金克肝木也，则难治。其面
色青中见黑者，是水生木也，当自
愈。青中见白者，是金克木也，必难愈。一妇人素口苦，月经不调，或寒热，妊娠五
月，两臂或拘急、或缓纵，此肝火伤血所致也，用四物加柴胡、山栀、丹皮、钓藤钩而
愈。一妊妇因怒寒热颈项动掉，四肢抽搐，此肝火血虚风热，用加味逍遥加钓藤钩，数
剂痊。
[Xue Ji] "Yi Gang Mu" states: Chi (spasm/tetany) refers to the tension of tendons and vessels, while Zong (flaccidity/relaxation) refers to their relaxation. Tension causes contraction and shortening, while relaxation causes extension and lengthening. When there is alternating contraction and extension with ceaseless movement, it is named Chi-Zong, commonly known as convulsions. The conditions of epilepsy, wind-spasm, and tetanus can all cause Chi-Zong. However, in epilepsy, the patient falls to the ground and loses consciousness; in wind-spasm causing Chi-Zong, opisthotonos (arching of the back like a bow) occurs; and in tetanus causing Chi-Zong, there are open wounds. I believe that Chi-Zong belongs to Wind-Fire and Blood-Dryness in the Liver Meridian, or Liver Fire moving recklessly injuring the Blood; Zong belongs to insufficient Qi and Blood in the Liver Meridian, or excessive sweating due to Liver Fire leading to loss of Blood, resulting in ceaseless flexion and extension of the limbs and difficulty in convulsions. If caused by Wind-Fire and Blood-Dryness, use Lingyangjiao San (Antelope Horn Decoction for pregnancy-induced spasm) with added Gouteng (Uncariae Ramulus cum Uncis) and Shanzhi (Gardeniae Fructus). If caused by reckless Liver Fire, use Jiawei Siwu Tang (Modified Four Substances Decoction, i.e., Siwu Tang plus Chaihu, Danpi, Shanzhi) with added Gouteng and Shanzhi. If caused by insufficient Qi and Blood in the Liver Meridian, use Bazhen Tang (Eight Treasures Decoction, i.e., the Eight-Ingredient Decoction from the Miscellaneous Diseases Consumption section) with added Gouteng and Shanzhi. If caused by Liver Fire leading to blood loss, use Jiawei Xiaoyao San (Modified Free and Easy Wanderer Powder for regulating menstruation) with added Gouteng and Shanzhi. If these do not work, Liuwei Wan (Six-Ingredient Pill for miscellaneous consumption diseases) must be used, focusing on tonifying Kidney Water to generate Liver Wood, assisted by the aforementioned formulas. If the pulse is long and wiry, this is the proper pulse of the Liver, indicating an easy cure. If the pulse is short and choppy, this indicates Metal (Lung) overcoming Wood (Liver), making it difficult to treat. If the complexion is green with black undertones, this indicates Water generating Wood (Kidney generating Liver), suggesting spontaneous recovery. If the complexion is green with white undertones, this indicates Metal overcoming Wood, making recovery difficult. A woman who usually had a bitter taste in her mouth and irregular menstruation, experiencing alternating chills and fever, at five months of pregnancy developed arms that were sometimes tense and sometimes relaxed; this was caused by Liver Fire injuring Blood, and she was cured using Siwu Tang plus Chaihu, Shanzhi, Danpi, and Gouteng. Another pregnant woman, due to anger, experienced chills and fever, trembling of the neck and head, and convulsions of the four limbs; this was caused by Liver Fire, Blood deficiency, and Wind-Heat, and she recovered after several doses of Jiawei Xiaoyao San with added Gouteng.