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The *Qianjin Fang* states: There are three types of epilepsy in children, namely Fengxian (Wind Epilepsy), Jingxian (Fright Epilepsy), and Shixian (Food Epilepsy). Fengxian is caused by excessive clothing leading to sweating, allowing Wind pathogen to enter; initially, the fingers flex as if counting objects. Jingxian arises after a child cries loudly due to fright or terror. Shixian occurs when the child refuses milk/food, vomits, develops fever, and then the seizure manifests. However, Fengxian and Jingxian occur frequently, affecting less than one or two out of ten children. Any case presenting with chills followed by fever is classified as Shixian. For Jingxian, moxibustion should be applied according to diagrams. Fengxian should be treated with Zhuxin Tang (Pig Heart Decoction). Shixian requires purgation to resolve; Zishuang Wan (Purple Frost Pill) is effective.

Commentary: This discussion on the three types of epilepsy categorizes them into three etiologies: Fengxian belongs to external causes, Jingxian to internal causes, and Shixian to neither-internal-nor-external causes.

Further Commentary: The *Quanying Fang* states: Fengxian results from improper nursing, disharmony of Qi and Blood, or heavy clothing causing sweating and opening of Couli (pores/skin texture), allowing Wind pathogen to invade. The pathology resides in the Liver, which governs Wind. Signs include blue eyes, red face, and convulsions. Treatment includes Qufeng Gao (Wind-Expelling Ointment), Daqing Gao (Great Blue Ointment), Hupo San (Amber Powder), and Zhenjing Yao (Calming Fright Medicine). If heat is present, Sishun Yin (Four Smooth Decoction) is used, followed by Lijing Wan (Resolving Fright Pill) to purge phlegm-saliva after the heat subsides. Jingxian results from excess Qi and Blood, heat generated in the Zang-Fu organs, or mental disturbance from fright/crying combined with external pathogens. The pathology resides in the Heart, which governs Fright. Signs include sudden crying accompanied by convulsions. Treatment includes Hupo San, Honglong San (Red Dragon Powder), and Xinxin Wan (Heart-Calming Pill). If heat is present, Sishun Yin is used, followed by Lijing Wan for purgation, preventing other diseases. Shixian pathology resides in the Spleen, which governs food intake. Signs include belching, vomiting, and subsequent convulsions. If stool is sour and foul-smelling, Zi Wanzi (Purple Pill) is used for purgation. These three syndromes are largely similar but slightly different, all belonging to Yang syndromes. Each presents with strabismus or upward deviation of eyes, periodic convulsions of hands and feet, or sounds resembling pigs. After the attack, the patient recovers. The prognosis is generally good, with only one death in ten cases.

The *San Yin Ji Yi Bing Zheng Fang Lun* states: Ancient formulas mention Wu Xian (Five Epilepsies), Wuzang Xian (Five Organ Epilepsies), and Liuchou Xian (Six Livestock Epilepsies), with varying names and syndromes difficult to fully record. The *Bielu* describes five epilepsies: 1. Maxian (Horse Epilepsy), making horse neighing sounds. Horse corresponds to Wu (noon), governed by Hand Shaoyin Jueyin Fire, thus corresponding to the Heart. 2. Yangxian (Sheep Epilepsy), making bleating sounds. Sheep corresponds to Wei, governed by Foot Taiyin Damp Earth, thus corresponding to the Spleen. 3. Jixian (Chicken Epilepsy), making crowing sounds. Chicken corresponds to You, governed by Foot Yangming Dry Metal, thus corresponding to the Stomach. 4. Zhu Xian (Pig Epilepsy), making grunting sounds. Pig corresponds to Hai, governed by Hand Jueyin Pericardium, thus corresponding to the Right Kidney. 5. Niuxian (Ox Epilepsy), making mooing sounds. Ox corresponds to Chou, governed by Hand Taiyin Damp Earth, thus corresponding to the Lung. These five epilepsies correspond to the five livestock and five Zang organs. During attacks, patients experience dizziness and falling, pulling of mouth and eyes, upward rolling of eyeballs, convulsions of limbs, and rigidity of the spine. They recover after about the time it takes to eat a meal. Treatments vary according to the specific pathogen. [Qian Yi] All treatments for the Five Epilepsies follow the organ involved, each associated with an animal: Quanxian (Dog Epilepsy) involves body arching backward and upward movement, barking, associated with the Liver. Yangxian involves staring eyes and tongue protrusion, bleating, associated with the Heart. Niuxian involves fixed gaze and abdominal distension, mooing, associated with the Spleen. Jixian involves jumping, arching backward, and relaxed hands, crowing, associated with the Lung. Zhu Xian resembles a corpse with foaming at the mouth, grunting, associated with the Kidney. Severe cases of the Five Epilepsies result in death, as do those with severe post-illness symptoms. Mild cases are treated primarily with Wuse Wan (Five-Colored Pill). [Xue Ji] Red face, staring eyes, tongue protrusion/biting, restlessness, shortness of breath, and sheep-like sounds indicate Xin Xian (Heart Epilepsy). Blue face/lips, upward eye deviation, limb spasm/arching, and dog-like sounds indicate Gan Xian (Liver Epilepsy). Black face, trembling eyes, foaming, corpse-like appearance, and pig-like sounds indicate Shen Xian (Kidney Epilepsy). Face like dry bone, white sclera visible, jumping, arching, head shaking, foaming, and chicken-like sounds indicate Fei Xian (Lung Epilepsy). Sallow yellow face, fixed gaze, abdominal distension, spontaneous diarrhea, flaccid limbs, and ox-like sounds indicate Pi Xian (Spleen Epilepsy). The Five Epilepsies generally use Wuse Wan as the main formula, supplemented by herbs for the respective meridians. For Xin Xian due to Blood deficiency, Yangxin Tang (Heart-Nourishing Decoction) is used. Fever with desire for cold drinks indicates Excess Heat, treated with Huqing Wan (Tiger Eye Pill); fever with desire for hot drinks indicates Deficiency Heat, treated with Miaoxiang San (Wonderful Incense Powder). For Gan Xian, Deficiency is treated with Dihuang Wan (Rehmannia Pill); strong convulsions indicate Excess Pathogen, treated with Chaihu Qinggan San (Bupleurum Clearing Liver Powder); constipation is treated with Xieqing Wan (Draining Green Pill). For Shen Xian, Dihuang Wan or Ziheche Wan (Placenta Pill) are used; since the Kidney has no purgative method, treatment focuses directly on deficiency. For Fei Xian due to Qi deficiency, Bufei San (Lung-Supplementing Powder) is used. Sallow yellow face indicates Earth failing to generate Metal, treated with Wuwei Yigong San (Five-Ingredient Extraordinary Merit Powder). Red face indicates Minfire rushing up to the Lung, treated with Dihuang Wan. For Pi Xian, Wuwei Yigong San is used. If the face is blue with diarrhea and poor appetite, Liujunzi Tang (Six Gentlemen Decoction) plus Muxiang and Chaihu is used.

Commentary: The *Qianjin Fang* describes Six Livestock Epilepsies without assigning them to Five Organs. Qian Yi began this classification but omitted Maxian (Horse Epilepsy). Zeng Shirong argued that initial sounds resembling sheep or dogs are due to wind-phlegm obstructing the throat, making the explanation clear. The term "Six Livestock" is merely a forced name. Therefore, Zhu Danxi stated that since there is no scriptural basis and no distinct therapeutic methods for the five types, it is unnecessary to distinguish them into five categories.