Library

The *Huangdi Neijing* (Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon) states: If the Liver pulse is firm and long, yet the complexion is not green, it indicates a fall injury. If the pulsation is due to blood stasis under the ribs, it causes vomiting and acid reflux. The *Mai Jing* (Pulse Classic) states: After falling from a height with internal blood stasis and abdominal distension, a firm and strong pulse indicates survival, while a small and weak pulse indicates death.

The *Jinkui Yaolue* (Essential Prescriptions of the Golden Cabinet) states: A floating, faint, and choppy pulse at the Cun Kou position usually indicates blood loss or excessive sweating. If there has been no sweating, then the body must have suffered from sores or wounds inflicted by knives or axes, which is the cause of blood loss. The *Mai Jing* states: In metal weapon injuries with excessive bleeding, a deficient and fine pulse indicates survival, while a rapid, excess, and large pulse indicates death. In metal weapon injuries with bleeding, a deep and small pulse indicates survival, while a floating and large pulse indicates death. In chopping injuries with bleeding of one or two *shi* (ancient unit of volume), if the pulse comes in a large manner, death occurs in twenty days. In chopping or stabbing injuries with continuous bleeding, if the pulse stops, and if the pulse comes in a large manner, death occurs in seven days; a slippery and fine pulse indicates survival.

Regarding pulses for various penetrating injuries: if there is stagnant blood accumulation, a firm and excess pulse indicates survival, while a deficient, fine, and choppy pulse indicates death. If there is excessive blood loss, a deficient, fine, and choppy pulse indicates survival, while a firm and excess pulse indicates death. This is because the pulse does not correspond to the disease condition.

Dai Yuan Shi (Minister Dai) stated: Falling into unconsciousness is called "bo" (falling prone), and striking with both hands is called "pu" (palm strike); both result in similar damage. For coma caused by falling or striking, administer Suhexiang Wan (Styrax Pill) mixed with wine. For physical injury caused by falling or striking, expel the evil blood using Su Mu Decoction (Sappan Wood Decoction) mixed with Suhexiang Wan, Jiming San (Cockcrow Powder), or Heqi Yin (Harmonizing Qi Drink) added with Dahuang (Rhubarb Root), decocted with a little vinegar. Alternatively, use Tongbian (Child's Urine) to mix with Heishen San (Black Divine Powder); if child's urine is unavailable, Sappan Wood decocted in wine can be used. For pain from palm strikes, Hupo San (Amber Powder) mixed with wine is excellent; Wuyao Shunqi San (Lindera Powder for Smooth Flow of Qi) is also suitable.

The general principle dictates distinguishing between deficiency and excess based on blood stasis versus depletion to apply tonification or purgation methods, but one must also assess the severity of the injury. For mild cases where Qi and Blood are merely disrupted causing stagnation and pain, guiding Qi and moving Blood suffices. For severe cases involving tendon rupture and bone fracture, reconnecting tendons and setting bones is required, taking three to four months of treatment for recovery. In more severe cases where Qi and Blood stagnate internally, blocking the true Qi from circulating, death is inevitable. Urgently purging blood and unblocking Qi may offer a chance of treatment. The *Shangsun Lun* (Treatise on Trauma) states: Treating trauma requires seeking its source, observing the severity of the illness, and examining the depth of the injury. From head to toe, any hacking, beating, falling, or other traumatic injuries share commonalities. Each condition has its specific approach; some require resolving the exterior and interior first before administering trauma medicines. Physicians should follow these principles. However, medicine relies on understanding; those who lack this insight are not good physicians. Some, being dull-witted, fail to observe the severity of symptoms or the depth of injury, administering trauma medicines before resolving the exterior and interior, leading to many errors. This may cause phlegm-saliva to attack upward or cause closure and constipation of the Zang-Fu organs. A slight error leads to great deviation, hence the saying, "If a physician has not practiced for three generations, do not take their medicine." Indeed! This outlines the general principles of treating trauma. While medication must not be erroneous, manual reduction techniques must not be rash. Below are listed the total 365 bone joints of the human body.

The human body has a total of 365 bone joints, described sequentially using 165 characters. Starting from above the Ling Gu (Bell Bone) as the head, extending left, right, front, and back to the Yuan Gu (Axle Bone), 49 characters describe 72 bones. The Du Lu Gu (Central Skull Bone) in the center of the crown is one bone (has potential, slightly contains marrow and fluid). Behind the Du Lu is the Lou Gu (Skull Bone), one bone (has potential, slightly contains marrow). In front of the Lou Gu is the Ding Wei Gu (Vertex Potential Bone), one bone (slightly contains marrow, absent in women). Behind the Lou Gu is the Nao Gu (Brain Bone), one bone (has potential, slightly contains marrow). To the left of the Nao Gu is the Zhen Gu (Occipital Bone), one bone (has potential, no fluid). To the right of the Nao Gu is the Jiu Gu (Approaching Bone). Between and below the Zhen and Jiu Gu is the Tian Gai Gu (Heavenly Cover Bone), one bone (below is the root of the Lung system). Behind the Tian Gai Gu is the Tian Zhu Gu (Heavenly Pillar Bone), one bone (descends to the spine, contains marrow). In front of the Tian Gai Gu is the Yan Gu (Speech Bone), one bone (Yan Gu connects above to the Lou Gu, has potential, no marrow). Below the Yan Gu are the She Ben Gu (Tongue Root Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, no marrow). In front of the Lou Gu is the Xin Gu (Fontanelle Bone), one bone (no potential, no fluid). Below the Xin Gu is the Fu Wei Gu (Hidden Submit Bone), one bone (colloquially misnamed Fu Xi Gu, no potential, no marrow). Below the Fu Wei Gu is the Jun Gu (Handsome Bone), one bone (attached below to the brow area, no potential, no marrow). Above the left eyebrow is the Tian Xian Gu (Heavenly Sage Bone), one bone (no potential, no marrow, same below). Above the right eyebrow is the Da Gui Gu (Great Noble Bone), one bone (directly above the eyes). Above the left eye is the Zhi Gong Gu (Wisdom Palace Bone), one bone (no potential, no marrow). Above the right eye is the Ming Men Gu (Life Gate Bone), one bone (below the eyes, middle is the nose). In front of the nose is the Liang Gu (Beam Bone), one bone (no potential, no marrow). To the left of the Liang Gu is the Quan Gu (Cheekbone), one bone (has potential, no marrow, same below). To the right of the Liang Gu is the [Missing Character] Gu, one bone (behind the Quan and [Missing Character] Gu is the ear region). At the end of the Liang Gu is the Song Zhu Gu (Song Pillar Bone), one bone (no potential, contains marrow). The left ear is the Si Zheng Gu (Guarding Righteousness Bone), one bone (no potential, no marrow). The right ear is the Na Xie Gu (Receiving Evil Bone), one bone (same as above). Behind the Si and Na Gu are the Wan Gu (Complete Bones), two bones (left and right) (no potential, no marrow). Attached inside above the Si and Na Gu is the Ti Gu (Sneeze Bone), one bone (no potential, little fluid). Above the Ti Gu are the Tong Gu (Passage Bones), four bones (left, right, front, back) (have potential, little fluid). Above the Ti Gu is the [Missing Character] Gu, one bone (no potential, much fluid). Connected behind is the mandible; the right mandible is the Cheng Gu (Mount Bone), one bone (has potential, much fluid). The right mandible is also the Che Gu (Carriage Bone), (same as above). Behind the Cheng and Che Gu are the Yuan Gu (Axle Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, contain fluid). Between the Cheng and Che Gu, emerging up and down, are thirty-six teeth (no potential, no marrow; ordinary people count only one, so the number is not met). Next, below the Ling Gu is Dan Zhong (Chest Center), extending left, right, front, and back to [Missing Character], using 40 characters to describe 97 bones. Below the Yuan Gu, on the left and right, are the Ling Gu (Bell Bones), two bones (much fluid). In the center of the Ling Gu is the Hui Yan Gu (Meeting Epiglottis Bone), one bone (no potential, contains marrow). Below the Ling Gu are the Yan Gu (Swallowing Bones), three bones (left, middle, right) (no marrow). Below the Yan Gu are the Hou Gu (Throat Bones), three bones (left, middle, right) (same as above). Below the Hou Gu are the Long Gu (Throat Bones), ten bones in a ring sequence (same as above). Inside below the Long Gu are the Fei Xi Gu (Lung System Bones), twelve bones piled up (no potential, no marrow). Behind the Fei Xi Gu is the Gu Gu (Valley Bone), one bone (no marrow). Below the Gu Gu are the KT Dao Gu (KT Path Bones), two bones (left and right) (same as above). Outside and below the Long Gu are the Shun Gu (Smooth Bones), eight bones (little fluid). At the end of the Shun Gu are the Shun Yin Gu (Smooth Hidden Bones), eight bones (same as above). To the left below the Shun Gu is the Dong Gu (Cave Bone), one bone (absent in women). To the right below the Shun Gu is the [Missing Character] Gu, one bone (absent in women). Below the Dong and [Missing Character] Gu, in the center, is the KT Gu (KT Bone), one bone (no marrow, colloquially called Jiu Wei). Directly below the KT Gu is the Tian Shu Gu (Heavenly Pivot Bone), one bone (no marrow). On the left and right below the Ling Gu are the Que Pen Gu (Clavicle/Shoulder Basin Bones), two bones (have potential, much fluid). Below the front of the left Que Pen Gu is the Xia Yan Gu (Lower Epiglottis Bone), one bone (no marrow). Below the front of the right Que Pen Gu is the Fen Shan Gu (Dividing Meal Bone), one bone (same as above). Behind the Yan and Shan Gu, attached below, is the Cang Gu (Granary Bone), one bone (same as above). Below the Cang Gu, on the left and right, are the [Missing Character] Gu, eight bones (have potential, no fluid). To the left below the [Missing Character] Gu is the Xiong Gu (Chest Bone), one bone (in men, a large chest bone indicates bravery). To the right below the [Missing Character] Gu is the Dang Gu (Swinging Bone), one bone (in women, a large swinging bone indicates high status like a minister). Below the Xiong Gu is the Wu Gu (Black Bone), one bone (in men, a full black bone indicates early white hair). Below the Dang Gu is the Yi Gu (Breastbone), one bone (a high Yi bone indicates delirious speech). Behind the Ling Gu are the Ji Yu Gu (Spinal Marrow Bones), twenty-two bones (connect above to Tian Zhu Gu, contain marrow). Below the Ji Yu Gu is the Da Dong Gu (Great Moving Bone), one bone (connects above to Tian Zhu Gu, forming twenty-four vertebrae). At the end of the Da Dong Gu is the Gui Xia Gu (Return Below Bone), one bone (Daoists call it Wei Lu). Behind the Gui Xia Gu is the Cuan Gu (Crown Bone), one bone (this bone limits essence/fluid). In front of the Gui Xia Gu is the [Missing Character] Gu, one bone (a thin [Missing Character] bone indicates poverty/lower status). Next, below the Que Pen Gu, from left to right to Chen, using 25 characters to describe 60 bones (from here down, only the two arms are divided, to the ends of the ten fingers). Supporting behind the Que Pen Gu are the Yu Jia Gu (Hunchback Shell Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, much fluid). At the end of the Yu Jia Gu are the Jia Yin Gu (Shell Hidden Bones), two bones (left and right) (if this bone is long, one becomes sage-like). Supporting the front of the Que Pen Gu are the Fei Dong Gu (Flying Moving Bones), two bones (left and right) (if diseased, flaccidity occurs). To the left of the Fei Dong Gu is the Long [Missing Character] Gu (Dragon [Missing Character] Bone), one bone (has potential, no marrow, no fluid). To the right of the Fei Dong Gu is the Hu Chong Gu (Tiger Charge Bone), one bone (same as above). Below the Long [Missing Character] Gu is the Long Ben Gu (Dragon Root Bone), one bone. Below the Hu Chong Gu is the Hu Duan Gu (Tiger End Bone), one bone (both have potential, contain marrow). Below the Ben and Duan Gu is the wrist. Inside above the Long Ben Gu is the Jin Xian Gu (Advancing Sage Bone), one bone (in men, a prominent Jin Xian bone indicates becoming a famous minister). Inside above the Hu Duan Gu is the Ji Jue Gu (Reaching Rank Bone), one bone (in women, a high Ji Jue bone indicates destiny returning). In front of the wrist, on the left and right, are the Shang Li Gu (Upper Strength Bones), eight bones (have potential, much fluid). Next to the Shang Li Gu are the Zhu Gu (Station Bones), ten bones (left and right) (same as above). Next to the Zhu Gu are the Nuo Gu (Grasp Bones), ten bones (left and right) (same as above). Next to the Nuo Gu are the Zhu Shi Gu (Assisting Potential Bones), ten bones (left and right) (left assisting outside is claw, right assisting outside is nail). Below the claws and nails are each the Chen Gu (Support Bones), ten bones (left and right) (no potential, no fluid). Next, below the KT Gu, from left, right, front, and back to Chu Bu (Initial Step), using 51 characters to describe 136 bones. From here down to below the two breasts, dividing left and right from the soles of the feet, is where all bones converge. Below the KT Gu is the Xin Bi Gu (Heart Screen Bone), one bone (no marrow). To the left of the KT Gu are the Xie Gu (Rib Bones), twelve bones (upper and lower) (located in the Small Intestine region). At the end of the left Xie Gu are each the Xie Yin Gu (Rib Hidden Bones), twelve bones (no marrow). Below the Xie Gu are the Ji Xie Gu (Seasonal Rib Bones), two bones (much fluid). At the end of the Ji Xie Gu are the Ji Yin Gu (Seasonal Hidden Bones), two bones (no marrow). To the right of the KT Gu are the Lei Gu (Rib Bones), twelve bones (located in the Tai Yang region). Below the Lei Gu are the [Missing Character] Lei Gu ([Missing Character] Rib Bones), two bones (each has no hidden bone, only beasts have them). At the end of the right Lei Gu are the Lei Yin Gu (Rib Hidden Bones), twelve bones (no marrow). In front of the [Missing Character] Gu is the Da Heng Gu (Great Horizontal Bone), one bone (has potential, little marrow). In front of the Heng Gu are the Bai Huan Gu (White Ring Bones), two bones (have potential, contain fluid). In front of the Bai Huan Gu are the Nei Fu Gu (Inner Assist Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, contain fluid). Behind the Nei Fu Gu are the Hai Guan Gu (Bone Joint Gates), two bones (left and right) (same as above). Below the Hai Guan Gu are the FS Gu (FS Bones), two bones (left and right) (same as above). Below the FS Gu are the Bi Shu Gu (Thigh Pivot Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, much marrow). At the lower end of the Bi Shu Gu are the Xi Gai Gu (Kneecaps), two bones (left and right) (no potential, much fluid). On the left and right of the kneecaps are each the Xia Sheng Gu (Assisting Rising Bones), two bones (have potential, much fluid). Below the Bi Shu Gu are the [Missing Character] Gu ([Missing Character] Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, much marrow). Outside the [Missing Character] Gu are the Wai Fu Gu (Outer Assist Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, contain fluid). Below the [Missing Character] Gu are the Li Gu (Standing Bones), two bones (left and right) (same as above). On the left and right of the Li Gu are each the Nei Wai Huai Gu (Inner and Outer Ankle Bones), four bones (have potential, little fluid). In front of the ankle bones are each the Xia Li Gu (Lower Strength Bones), ten bones (left and right) (have potential, much fluid). Behind the ankle bones are each the Jing Gu (Capital Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, little fluid). In front of the Xia Li Gu are each the Shi Qi Gu (Release Tilt Bones), ten bones. In front of the Shi Qi Gu are each the Qi Pu Gu (Rise Fall Bones), ten bones (have potential). In front of the Qi Pu Gu are each the Ping Zhu Gu (Level Assist Bones), ten bones (left and right) (have potential). In front of the Ping Zhu Gu are each the Chen Jia Gu (Support Shell Bones), ten bones (left and right) (no potential, little fluid). On both sides of the Shi Qi Gu are each the He Gu (Kernel Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, much fluid). Below the Qi Pu Gu are each the Chu Bu Gu (Initial Step Bones), two bones (left and right) (have potential, no marrow, contain fluid, absent in women). All these 365 bones are formed by the interaction of Heaven and Earth; humans are the most spiritual. However, women lack the Ding Wei, Left Dong, Right Peng, and Chu Bu bones, totaling five bones, leaving only 360 bones. Additionally, men and women have 190 bones that are either hidden, supportive, or lack marrow/potential. The remaining 256 bones all contain marrow and fluid, storing tendons and connecting vessels. The valleys and streams interact to form the body shape, called the Four Greats. This is the standard measurement of bones.